Yintoni urhwebo lwe-HFT, amaqhinga kunye nobungozi, i-algorithms

Ukurhweba okuphezulu-frequency ukuba yintoni, isebenza njani i-HFT, amacebo aphambili orhwebo oluhamba rhoqo. Ukuba uye wafunda ngaphambili iimpawu
ze-algorithmic trading , ngoko mhlawumbi uvile into efana ne-HFT yorhwebo. Izibalo zithi isiqingatha salo lonke urhwebo kwimarike yase-US lwenzeka nge-HFT. Ke yintoni ukurhweba kwi-high-frequency? Khawuqwalasele eli nqaku.

HFT urhwebo – yintoni na, ulwazi jikelele

URhwebo oluPhakamileyo luhlobo lorhwebo lwe-algorithmic oluphawulwa ngamaxesha amafutshane wokubamba, isantya esiphezulu kunye nokuthengiswa kwemali eyinkunzi. Iikhompyuter ezinamandla zisetyenziselwa ukurhweba, ezenza inani elikhulu lentengiselwano nganye ngomzuzwana. Ngokuqhelekileyo le miqulu encinci ekuvumela ukuba uvavanye imarike. Urhwebo lwe-HFT lunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nesantya. Indlela ikuvumela ukuba ulandele utshintsho oluncinci kumaxabiso, kunye nokungangqinelani phakathi kwamaxabiso kutshintshiselwano oluninzi. Ukuthengiswa kwe-high-frequency kusetyenziswe kwi-stock, imali kunye nezinye iimarike. Kodwa kutsha nje sele isetyenzisiwe kwintengiso ye-crypto, njengoko ikuvumela ukuba wenze iintengiselwano ezininzi ngomzuzwana nje omnye, okunika amathuba otyalo-mali angenamkhawulo. Kukho iinkonzo ezikhethekileyo ezibonelela ngamaqonga abo orhwebo e-HFT kubatyali-mali.

Isebenza njani inkqubo yeHFT

Isitshixo kurhwebo olukumgangatho ophezulu we-HFT kukuzisebenzela ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba le ndlela ifanele wonke umntu. Iikhomputha ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokurhweba zicwangciswe ukuba zibambe ii-algorithms ezinzima. Bahlala behlalutya i-spikes yexabiso ukuya kuma-milliseconds. Ii-algorithms zenziwe ngoochwephesha ukwenzela ukuba iikhomputha zikwazi ukubona izinto ezibangelayo kunye neendlela zokukhula okanye ukuhla ngexesha. Ngokuqhelekileyo iimpembelelo ezinjalo azibonakali kwabanye abathengisi, kwanabo banamava amaninzi. Ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo, iinkqubo zivula ngokuzenzekelayo izikhundla ezininzi ngesantya esiphezulu. Injongo ephambili yomthengisi kukuba ngowokuqala ukufumana inzuzo kwindlela efunyenwe yi-algorithm.

Kubalulekile! Asithethi ngokutsiba okukhulu kumaxabiso, kodwa kunoko kuguquguquka kwexesha elifutshane okuvela xa abadlali abakhulu bengena emarikeni.

Ukurhweba okuphezulu kwi-high-frequency exchange kungasetyenziswa kuphela kwi-stock market eqhelekileyo, kodwa nakwi-cryptocurrency market. Nangona kunjalo, ayinguye wonke umntu onokusebenzisa i-algorithms ngokuchanekileyo. Amathuba okusebenzisa i-NFT apha ayafana nalawo akwimarike eqhelekileyo. Kodwa kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuba amaxabiso e-cryptocurrency ayaguquguquka ngakumbi, ngoko kukho imingcipheko ngakumbi kwimarike ye-crypto. Kodwa, ngokufanelekileyo, kukho amathuba amaninzi okufumana umvuzo. Phawula! Ukuqokelela yenye yeendlela ze-NFT ezikuvumela ukuba ufumane kwi-cryptocurrency. Isetyenziswe kwiimeko apho iseva yokurhweba ifumaneka ngokusondeleyo kwiziko lokucubungula idatha. Kulungile xa iseva ibekwe kwindawo enye yokutshintshiselana – oku kukuvumela ukuba uthumele idatha ngokukhawuleza. Ukulibaziseka kwexesha lomrhwebi oqhelekileyo kungabi nandaba.

Zeziphi izicwangciso kunye nee-algorithms ezisetyenziswayo kurhwebo lwe-HFT

Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezikuvumela ukuba wenze imali kwiintengiso ezikhawulezayo. Makhe siqwalasele ezinye zazo.

Ukuthengisa

Isicwangciso sicebisa ukuvelisa ii-odolo ezininzi kumacala omabini exabiso-phezulu ukuba izabelo ziyathengiswa, kwaye ziphantsi ukuba zithengiwe. Ngombulelo koku, ukuthengiswa kweemarike kubonakala, kwaye abarhwebi babucala bafumana “amanqaku okungena” ngokulula ngakumbi. Ngokuphathelele umrhwebi we-NFT, kulo mzekelo ufumana umvuzo kunye nokusasazeka kwemfuno. Ukuba izixhobo zemali zidumile, ngoko sele zinemali ephezulu kwimarike. Kodwa nge-liquidity encinci, akukho lula kumthengisi ukufumana umthengi.
Ukuba umtyalo-mali uthenge isibambiso esiphantsi solwelo, akayi kukwazi ukuyithengisa ngokukhawuleza. Kuya kufuneka silinde umthengi. Okanye unike iphepha ngexabiso eliphantsi kumthengisi we-HFT, kodwa ngoku. Enkosi koku, abarhwebi be-HFT bafumana imali kwizibambiso. Kwakhona, abenzi beemarike banokufumana ikhomishini eyongezelelweyo ukusuka kutshintshiselwano lokudala i-liquidity kwimarike.

Ulamlo

Intsingiselo yale ndlela kukufumana ukungafani kwamaxabiso kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Oko kukuthi, umrhwebi ufumana ukungalingani kwexabiso phakathi kwezixhobo okanye iimarike ezinxulumene nazo. Ii-algorithms zikuvumela ukuba ufumane ulungelelwaniso phakathi kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zemali, kwaye wenze imali kuyo. Umzekelo omhle sisitokhwe kunye nekamva kuwo. Olunye ukhetho lwesicwangciso kukulibazisa i-arbitrage. Umrhwebi kule meko ufumana ingeniso ngokufikelela kwangoko kulwazi. Ukufikelela kulwazi olubalulekileyo umzuzwana ngaphambili kunabanye abadlali kwaye ubonelela umrhwebi ngengeniso ephambili. Ukufikelela kulwazi olunjalo, iseva ibekwe kwindawo ekufutshane namaziko edatha otshintshiselwano.

Impembelelo yomlilo

Kwezinye iimeko, abatyali-mali be-HFT baxhokonxa abathathi-nxaxheba kwimarike kurhwebo lwexesha elizayo, nto leyo ebangela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso. Umzekelo omhle kukunyuka kwi-manipulation enkulu eyabonwa kwi-stock market kwi-2012. Izixhobo ezithengiswa kumaqonga ahlukeneyo zinokudityaniswa. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa ixabiso kwelinye litshintshile, ixabiso kwelinye litshintshile. Nangona kunjalo, ulwazi alunikezelwa ngokukhawuleza. Umzekelo, kukho ngaphezu kwe-1200 km okanye 5 millisecond phakathi kweChicago kunye neNew York stock exchanges. Oku kuthetha ukuba iirobhothi ezisebenza eNew York azizukwazi ukuba kuqhubeka ntoni eChicago kangangemizuzu emihlanu. https://articles.opexflow.com/stock-exchange/nasdaq.htm Xa kukho i-spike kumsebenzi wemarike kuwo wonke utshintshiselwano, kukho “ukuphuma kwi-sync” okwethutyana kutshintshiselwano. Kule meko, ixabiso lekamva linokuhluka kwixabiso lezabelo. Kwakhona, umrhwebi unokwenza imali entle kwezi nguquko. Yintoni i-HFT kwaye yeyiphi imisebenzi abaphuhlisi kunye neenjineli abayisombululayo- urhwebo oluhamba rhoqo kwizinto zanamhlanje: https://youtu.be/662q9FVqp50

Yeyiphi isoftware efunekayo

Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokungena kwiNtengiso ePhakamileyo. Kwaye inketho yokuqala kukufumana umthengisi ozinikeleyo. Ukuba olu khetho alufanelekanga kwaye umrhwebi ufuna ukukwazi ukurhweba kwi-high-frequency eyedwa, unokuthenga izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kwaye ufake isofthiwe enamandla. Kukho unikezelo oluninzi kwimarike kweli cala.

1. Okokuqala, khetha ukuba leliphi iqhinga oza kulilandela. Umphuhlisi wesoftware uya kukuthengisa kuphela inkqubo ngokwayo. Kodwa kuya kufuneka ujongane nemiqondiso, i-algorithms kunye nobuchule ngokwakho.
2. Zilungiselele iindleko eziphezulu. Okunokwenzeka, kuya kufuneka uhlawulele iinkonzo zomthengisi, i-Intanethi ezinzileyo, ulwabiwo.

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukufumana imali, iinkqubo ziya kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Njengezixhobo, iingcali zincoma ukuthenga ukutshintshwa kwesantya esiphezulu – umzekelo, i-24-port Arista. Ukuba izixhobo ezinjalo zisetyenzisiwe, ngoko ukulibaziseka kwe-port-port kuya kuba ngama-350 nanoseconds. Ungasebenzisa kwakhona utshintsho oluvela kwi-Blade Networks, enexabiso lebhajethi engaphezulu, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo lisebenza kwi-Fulcrum ASIC. Umrhwebi uya kufuna kwakhona ikhadi lenethiwekhi elinomqhubi we-kernel bypass. Ngokomzekelo, ingaba yi-adapter yenethiwekhi ye-10G-PCIE2-8C2-2S esuka kwi-Myricom ye-UDP traffic. Inkqubo yeChronos iyacetyiswa njengesoftware ekhawulezayo. Uguqulelo “lwesiko” lweGentoo Linux luyilungele. Kubathengi, i-ITI Capital ithandwa kakhulu. Uqhagamshelwano lunokwenzeka ngeendlela ezimbini:

1. Uqhagamshelwano oluthe ngqo (DMA).
2. I-SMARTgate.

Ukusebenzisa indlela yokuqala, udinga isofthiwe enokuthi idibanise kutshintshiselwano. Kufuneka ibe namandla afanelekileyo ehardware. Amandla e-Hardware angabonwa kwiscreen.
Ungasebenzisa le ndlela ngeendlela ezininzi:

• NgeVPN.
• Renta umncedisi wenyani kwi-ITI Capital.
• Ukubekwa kweseva kwindawo ekhululekileyo. Umncedisi womxhasi uhlala kwindawo enye kwiziko ledatha yeDataSpace, kodwa kungekhona kwindawo yokwabiwa, kodwa kwisakhiwo esingummelwane. Olu khetho lubiza kakhulu.
• Ukubekwa kweseva yomxhasi kwindawo yokwabelwa.

Ngokuphathelele ukhetho lwesibini, i-SMARTgate yiseva yommeleli ekhawulelayo efakwe phakathi
kwerobhothi yokurhweba kunye nesango lokutshintshiselana. Ndiyabulela kule ndlela, umxhasi unokurhweba kwi-akhawunti enye, ngoqhagamshelwano kuzo zonke iimarike zeMoscow Exchange.
Ukufikelela kwi-akhawunti kolu tshintshiselwano, kufuneka ucofe iqhosha elithi “Vula i-akhawunti” kwikona ephezulu ngasekunene.
Inkqubo iya kukucela ukuba ufake inombolo yakho yeselula kunye nedilesi ye-imeyile. Kuya kufuneka kwakhona uqinisekise inombolo yakho yefowuni.
Emva koko, umxhasi uya kucelwa ukuba afake idatha epheleleyo malunga naye – inombolo yefowuni kunye nedilesi ye-imeyile, iinkcukacha zepaspoti kunye ne-TIN. Ekugqibeleni, kuya kufuneka usayine isivumelwano ngeSMS.
Ulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nendlela yokusebenzisa i-terminal iya kuthunyelwa kwi-imeyile yakho. Ukufakela i-terminal, cofa nje kwiqhosha elithi “Khuphela”. Ufakelo olongezelelweyo luya kuba lula kwaye luthe ngqo.
Inkqubo iya kucela igama lomsebenzisi kunye negama lokugqitha – ezi datha ziza kunye nekhonkco lokukhuphela kwiimeyile yakho. Emva koko, i-terminal iya kufakwa kwikhompyuter.

Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo zokurhweba kweHFT

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ukurhweba okuphakamileyo kusetyenziswe kwimarike yehlabathi ixesha elide, isimo sengqondo malunga nalo asicacanga. Ngoko ke, siqwalasela zombini iingenelo kunye nokungalunganga kwale ndlela. Izibonelelo ziquka:

1. Ukonyuka kwemali yokuhlawula amatyala kwinkqubo yokwenza iitransekshini.
2. Ukunyuka kwexabiso lokurhweba.
3. Ukuthoba ibhidi-cela ukusasazeka.
4. Ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamaxabiso.

Kodwa kukho nokungalunganga:

1. Ngenxa yokurhweba okuhamba rhoqo, ukuguquguquka kweemarike kuya kuba kukhulu, kuba kuyabulela kubarhwebi abaninzi be-HFT bafumana.
2. Abatyalomali abasebenza ngokurhweba okuphezulu-frequency bafumana ngeendleko zabadlali abancinci.
3. Ngamanye amaxesha olu hlobo lwengeniso ludibaniswa nokurhweba okunqatshelwe – umzekelo, ukucwangcisa okanye i-spoofing.

Urhwebo olwalelweyo lubandakanya ukukhohlisa kwimarike okuzenzekelayo okukuvumela ukuba udlule kwabanye abadlali. I-Spoofers ibeka ii-odolo ezininzi kwicala elinye lencwadi yoku-odola, ngoko kubonakala ngathi kukho abatyali-mali abaninzi kwimarike abafuna ukuthenga okanye ukuthengisa impahla. I-Layering manipulators kuqala idala inani elikhulu lee-odolo, kwaye emva koko irhoxise – oku kukhokelela ekubeni ixabiso le-asethi liphakama okanye liwela ngokukhawuleza. Ukurhweba okuphezulu (ukusuka kwisiNgesi “HFT, i-High-frequency trading”) – yintoni na, i-algorithms kunye nezicwangciso ezisetyenzisiweyo: https://youtu.be/Rc3GsNv1ffU

Kweziphi iimeko kwaye ngubani onokusebenzisa ukurhweba kwe-HF

Nabani na unokusebenzisa olu hlobo lomvuzo, kuba i-algorithms ngoku ibonakala ngathi nabani na angayithenga. Kodwa abaqalayo kufuneka balumke ngakumbi. Le ndlela ifaneleka ngokukodwa kubatyalo-mali beziko abaqonda imarike kwaye bayakwazi ukujamelana ne-spikes yexabiso elingalindelekanga. Ngaphambi kokudlulela kurhwebo oluphezulu, kungcono ukuba uzame isandla sakho kurhwebo oluqhelekileyo kwaye ufumane amava ukuze uqalise ukuqonda imakethi. Kunokuba ngcono ukuqala ngorhwebo lwe
– intraday kuqala , kwaye emva koko udlulele kwi-HFT.

Imibuzo neempendulo

Unokuba ngumrhwebi we-HFT njani? Ungagqiba isivumelwano kunye nomthengisi, okanye uthenge isoftware yakho.
Sisebenza njani isicwangciso sokuThengisa? Umtyali-mali udala ukuveliswa komyalelo kumacala omabini exabiso. Kumahluko kula maxabiso kwaye kukho ingeniso.
Yintoni ulwabiwo? Le yenye yeendlela ze-HFT, xa iseva ibekwe kufuphi neziko ledatha yokutshintshiselana. Oku kukuvumela ukuba unciphise ixesha elidla ngokuchithwa kugqithiso lwedatha. Le ndlela isetyenziswe kwiindlela ezininzi zokurhweba eziphakamileyo.