Kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Investment portfolio: essence ndi zitsanzo

Kusiyanasiyana kwa ma Portfolio: momwe mungatetezere ndalama. Masiku ano dziko lalowa mu gawo la kusokoneza kwina, ndipo izi sizingakhudze msika wamasheya. Dzulo lokha, zotetezedwa zowoneka ngati zodalirika (zogulitsa, ma bond, etc.) zomwe zimawononga ndalama zambiri ndikubweretsa phindu lokhazikika, lero zikugwa kwambiri pamtengo. Choncho, osunga ndalama ayenera kukonzekera kusintha kwakukulu kwa msika. Ndipo kuti muchite izi, sinthani ndalama zanu kuti muchepetse zovuta zachuma. https://articles.opexflow.com/investicii/investicionnyj-portfel.htm

Kusiyanasiyana kwa Investment portfolio – ndi chiyani m’mawu osavuta

Lingaliro la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yotakata. Itha kutanthauza njira yokulitsa kukula kwa bizinesi kuti awonjezere phindu. Kusiyanasiyana kwachuma kumatanthauza njira yothanirana ndi zoopsa zomwe zingachitike pogula katundu pamsika. Amapereka kugawidwa kwa katundu (masheya, ma bond, kapena zida zina) m’njira yoti kuopsa kwa eni ake a mbiri kumakhalabe kochepa momwe kungathekere.

Ndalama zogulira ndalama ndi zinthu zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa m’njira yoti phindu lawo likwaniritse zolinga ndi zolinga zomwe mwiniwakeyo angathe. Ndalama zoyendetsera ndalama sizingaphatikizepo zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamsika (magawo a ndalama zogulitsa malonda,
zam’tsogolo , masheya, ma bond, etc.), komanso ndalama, zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, malo ogulitsa nyumba, madipoziti m’mabanki osiyanasiyana, ndi zina zotero.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, chiopsezo kwa Investor ndi mmene iye salandira mlingo wa ndalama zimene anakonza pokonza mbiri, kapena imfa ya gawo la ndalama padera. Kusiyanasiyana kwa ndalama zogulira ndalama kumalola ndikupereka kugulidwa ndi wogulitsa ndalama osati chida chimodzi, koma kugula katundu m’magulu osiyanasiyana omwe sakugwirizana pang’ono. Izi zimakupatsani mwayi wobwezera kuchepa kwa ndalama m’dera limodzi chifukwa cha phindu la maudindo ena. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kugula katundu (magawo) a makampani osiyanasiyana sikusiyana nthawi zonse. Mwachitsanzo, ngati wogulitsa akugula magawo a Chevron, Gazprom ndi Total, izi sizidzakhala zosiyana, chifukwa makampani onsewa, ngakhale kuti amalembedwa m’mayiko osiyanasiyana, amagwira ntchito mumsika wamba wamafuta ndi gasi. Ndipo zomwe msika umachita pazochitika zilizonse zidzakhudza aliyense wa iwo. Ngati, komabe, mbiri ipangidwa kuchokera ku magawo amakampani osiyanasiyana omwe amagwira ntchito m’malo osagwirizana, mwachitsanzo, kupanga mafuta ndi gasi, zomangamanga, matekinoloje a IT, ndi zina zotero, ndiye kuti kuopsa kwa kusintha kwa msika kwa iwo kudzakhala nthawi imodzi. kukhala ochepa.

Kodi mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa Investment portfolio ndi chiyani

Palibe yankho losakayikira pafunsoli – ndi ndalama zingati zomwe zili bwino kwambiri? Wogulitsa aliyense ali ndi zofunikira zake pazachuma, zomwe zimadalira zinthu zingapo, monga momwe ndalama zimakhalira, zolinga zomwe zakhazikitsidwa, kutha kwachuma, ndi zina zambiri. Chifukwa chake, sizokhudza zomwe zili mulingo woyenera kwambiri, koma za momwe ndalama zilili bwino. Wogulitsa ndalama amatha kupeza mbiri yotere ngati ili yosiyana bwino. Pamene phindu ndi zoopsa mmenemo adzakumana ndi zofuna za Investor mmene ndingathere. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, aliyense wa osunga ndalama adzakhala ndi ndalama zomwe amayembekezera komanso zoopsa zovomerezeka. Zomwe zili pamwambazi zikhoza kuwonetsedwa ndi chitsanzo chotsatira chotsatira. Tiyeni titenge “mitundu itatu ya osunga ndalama”:

Osunga ndalama

Otsatsa oterowo, choyamba, amafuna kusunga katundu wawo ndikuwateteza ku njira zotsika mtengo. Chifukwa chake, kwa iwo, kusiyanasiyana kudzaphatikizapo kupeza zinthu zodalirika (ma bond, masheya, ndi zina) zamakampani okhazikika, akulu. [id id mawu = “attach_11988” align = “aligncenter” wide = “941”]
Mitundu yamagawo azachuma[/caption]

Okhazikika Otsatsa

Ali okonzeka kuyamba kupanga ndalama zowopsa kuti awonjezere ndalama zawo. Koma cholinga chachikulu cha osunga ndalama zotere akadali kudziunjikira ndalama (mkati mwa zolinga) kwa zaka 10-20. Chifukwa chake, magawo awo azachuma amayendetsedwa ndi masheya a msika waukulu, ndipo pafupifupi magawo onse azachuma akuimiridwa momwemo.

Investors aukali

Otsatsa oterowo akuyesera kuti apeze phindu lalikulu mwachangu, motero amapita mosavuta kumalo osungiramo ndalama zawo. Kwa osunga ndalama oterowo, kusiyanasiyana kudzakhala m’zambiri zamabizinesi. [id id mawu = “attach_11994” align = “aligncenter” wide = “450”] Ngongole yokonzeka kuyika
ndalama[/ mawu]

Venture Investment ndi ndalama zomwe ndalama zimapangidwira m’mapulojekiti angapo odalirika (koma owopsa) atangoyamba kumene.

Ndi kuthekera kwakukulu, 8 ntchito zotere mwa 10 zidzalephera. Koma ndalama zomwe zimalandira kuchokera kumapulojekiti omwe akwaniritsidwa bwino zidzakwaniritsa zotayikazo ndikubweretsa phindu lalikulu.

Momwe mungapangire mbiri yanu yoyika ndalama

Chifukwa chake, musanayambe kupanga mbiri yanu yoyika ndalama, wochita malonda / Investor ayenera choyamba kusankha zolinga zomwe akufuna komanso njira yomwe angagwiritsire ntchito. Zolinga zingakhale zosiyana kwambiri – kuchokera pakupeza katundu (nyumba, nyumba, galimoto yamtengo wapatali, ndi zina zotero), kulipira maphunziro a ana kapena kupanga ndalama zowonjezera mutapuma pantchito. Mwachitsanzo, wochita bizinesi yemwe ali ndi zaka 25-30 adaganiza zodzipangira yekha thumba la penshoni. Ali ndi zaka 30-40 patsogolo pake. Ndipo chifukwa chake, ayenera kupanga ndalama zogulira katundu zomwe zawonetsa kale kubweza kwabwino komanso kokhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali. Nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale kuchepa kwa magawo, kwakanthawi kochepa, sikungakhudze gawo ili, chifukwa padzakhala nthawi yokwanira m’tsogolo, kotero kuti azikhazikika ndikupitiriza kukula. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ngati nthawi yogulitsa ndalama ndi yochepa, zaka 2-4, ndiye kuti mbiri yawo imapangidwa bwino kuchokera kuzinthu zokhazikika, ngakhale kuti palibe ndalama zambiri (nthawi zambiri izi ndi zomangira ”
blue chips “). Zolinga ndi njira zitatsimikiziridwa, wogulitsa ndalama amayamba kupanga mbiri, ndikusankha zinthu zomwe akufunikira ndi magawo oyenerera. Panthawi imeneyi, mutha kusintha magawo angapo nthawi imodzi:

Ndi gawo lazachuma

Zomwe, nazonso, ngakhale mokhazikika, zimagawidwa kukhala zokhazikika zobwerera zokhazikika. Ndipo zatsopano, zokhala ndi luso lapamwamba, zomwe zimakhala ndi zoopsa, koma ndi ndalama zopambana, zimatha kubweretsa ndalama zambiri kwa iwo omwe adawona kuthekera kwawo munthawi yake.

Ndi makampani

Kupeza magawo amakampani apadera. Chisankho chomwe chimafuna kuti wogulitsa ndalama akhale ndi chidziwitso chakuya chamsika wamsika, kuthekera koyendetsa zisonyezo ndi chidziwitso chakuya. Pogula zitetezo, muyenera kulabadira kuti chinthu chimodzi sichikhala ndi ndalama zopitilira 10%, ndipo gawo limodzi lazachuma silidutsa 20%. Kusiyanitsa mbiri yanu yoyika ndalama m’mawu osavuta: https://youtu.be/CA7d9VSi7NE

Kodi tanthauzo la mitundu yosiyanasiyana poika ndalama ndi chiyani

Lingaliro la “mbiri” lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano ndi njira yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wosankha zinthu zomwe zimabweretsa ndalama zambiri komanso zoopsa zochepa. Malinga ndi iye, kuti bwino kusamalira kuopsa kwa ndalama, munthu akhoza aganyali mwa zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, ngati mutaphatikiza zinthu zowopsa komanso zokhazikika, mutha kupanga mbiri yabwino. Mwachitsanzo, pamodzi ndi magawo, mutha kugulanso ma bond. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chiwopsezo chonse cha ndalama chidzakhala chochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi kugula zida zapayekha. Chiphunzitsochi chimanenanso kuti chuma chiyenera kufananizidwa m’magulu azachuma omwe sali ogwirizana. Mwachitsanzo, tinene kuti mtengo wa zitetezo zina ukutsika kwambiri chifukwa cha kukwera kwa mitengo ya zinthu zina zopangira, pomwe zina zimakwera kwambiri. [id id mawu = “attach_12003” align = “aligncenter”
Mitundu ya ziwopsezo pakupanga mbiri yazachuma – yokhazikika, yokhazikika, yamwano [/ mawu]

Kusiyanitsa Inversion Portfolio – Zabwino ndi Zoyipa

Monga momwe zimagwirira ntchito, kusiyanasiyana kuli ndi zabwino ndi zoyipa zake.

Ubwino wa Diversification

Ubwino wosakayikitsa wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi:

1. Kuchepetsa zoopsa kufika pamlingo wovomerezeka . Mwayi woti wogulitsa ndalama adzataya ndalama zambiri amachepetsedwa kwambiri.
2. Mwayi kwa Investor kuti awononge gawo la ndalamazo muzinthu zowopsa, koma zopindulitsa kwambiri . M’magulu osiyanasiyana azachuma, katundu wotere sangawonjeze chiwopsezo chonse.
3. Chitetezo ku kusakhazikika kwakukulu kwa msika.
4. M’kupita kwa nthawi, zikhoza kuonjezera kubwezeredwa kwa ndalama zonse .

Zoyipa za Diversification

Zoyipa za diversification ndi izi:

1. Sichidzateteza ku zoopsa zadongosolo zomwe zimakhudza zotetezedwa zonse pamsika.
2. Zovuta pakuwongolera mbiri yazachuma, chifukwa chuma chikakhala chochulukirapo, chimakhala chovuta kwambiri kuchiwongolera.
3. Kuchulukitsa ma komisheni, zotetezedwa zambiri zomwe wotsatsa amagula, m’pamenenso amalipira ndalama zambiri.
4. Kusiyanasiyana kochulukira kungachepetse kwambiri kubweza kwa mbiri.
5. Zopeza zochepa pakanthawi kochepa.

Momwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhudzira kudalirika kwa ndalama zogulira komanso momwe mungagawire zinthu moyenera: https://youtu.be/GH6e9aY2BOI

Kodi pali zitsanzo za mbiri yabwino yosunga ndalama

Asayansi ndi osunga ndalama akhala akuyesera kwa nthawi yayitali kuti apange “zabwino” ndalama zogulira zomwe zimatsimikizika kuti zimabweretsa phindu lalikulu ndikuchepetsa kuopsa kulikonse. Koma mbiri yotereyi ndi yotheka kokha m’dziko “labwino”, ndipo popeza osunga ndalama akuyenera kugwira ntchito ndi zenizeni, zidzatheka kupeza kuti ndi ntchito iti yomwe idzakhala yopindulitsa kwambiri pazaka khumi pambuyo pa zaka khumi. Chuma cha dziko lapansi chikusintha nthawi zonse ndipo zina mwazosintha zake ndizosatheka kulosera. Chifukwa chake, osunga ndalama sayenera kuwononga nthawi yawo kufunafuna “zabwino” zogulira. Ndipo ndikofunikira kusonkhanitsa mbiri yomwe imakwaniritsa zomwe zikuchitika m’misika yamisika, ndikuyamba kugwira nawo ntchito. Kuti mumve zolondola komanso zomveka bwino za malo okhala, Ndikoyenera kuganizira ena mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino ya ndalama zoyendetsera ndalama. [id id mawu = “attach_12615” align = “aligncenter” wide = “444”]
Chitsanzo cha ndalama zolipirira ndalama zonse[/ mawu]

Mtundu wa ndalama zogulira – “perpetual portfolio”

Mtundu uwu udawonekera kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 70s m’zaka za zana lapitalo ndipo ndi mtundu wosavuta kwambiri wa
ndalama zoyendetsera ndalama. Pa nthawi yomweyi, katundu aliyense amawerengera gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a ndalama zonse zomwe zayikidwa. Mwachidule, ngati kuchuluka kwa ndalama zogulira ndalama kunali 10 miliyoni, ndiye kuti katundu aliyense amawerengera 2.5 miliyoni, motsatana. [id id mawu = “attachment_11983” align = “aligncenter” wide = “624”]
Momwe mungapangire mbiri yazachuma kwa munthu kuyambira pachiyambi – ndi mitundu yanji yanjinga yamabizinesi ndi gawo[/caption]

Mtundu wa ndalama zogulira – 50 mpaka 50

Pankhani iyi, 50% yandalama zomwe zayikidwa zimayikidwa pogula magawo ndi 50% m’ma bond. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, katundu wopezedwa mkati amasiyananso, choncho ngati magawo ambiri ali ndi makampani aku America, ndiye kuti m’maboma gawo lofunika kwambiri ndi la mabizinesi aku China kapena aku Russia.
Mwachitsanzo: Masheya mu kuchuluka kwa makumi asanu peresenti ya mbiriyo:

• TSPX (tchipisi buluu aku US) – 30%
• TMOS (tchipisi cha buluu cha ku Russia) – 5%
• VTBE (magawo amakampani m’maiko ena) -15%
• Mabond mu kuchuluka kwa makumi asanu peresenti ya mbiriyo:
• OFZ (bond of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation) – 30%
• FXRU (ndalama zomangira zamakampani aku Russia) – 10%
• FXRB (ndalama zomangira za kampani yaku Russia zotetezedwa ku kusintha kwakusinthana) – 10%.

Mtundu wa Investment Portfolio – “Advanced portfolio”

Mtundu uwu uli ndi kufanana pang’ono ndi “mbiri yamuyaya”, koma umakhalanso ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa izo. Choyamba, imaphatikizapo ndalama zogulira nyumba ndi zomwe zimatchedwa njira zina – cryptocurrency, ndalama, masitampu, ntchito zaluso, zakale.
Zitha kuwoneka motere:

• Kugawana nawo – 25%.
• Bond phukusi – 25%.
• Zitsulo zamtengo wapatali – 20%.
• Malo ogulitsa – 20%.
• Ndalama zina zina – 10%.

[id id mawu = “attach_11982” align = “aligncenter” wide = “624”]
Mbiri yamabizinesi m’makampani apanyumba ndi akunja[/caption]

Mtundu wa ndalama zogulira – “Currency portfolio”

Zogulitsa zotere zimakhala ndi ndalama zokha ndipo sizoyenera kupanga ndalama zenizeni zowonjezera kapena kusonkhanitsa ndalama. Koma mbiri yotereyi ndi yabwino kupulumutsa ndalama zomwe zayikidwa. Ndipo, ngati wobwereketsa akufuna kupanga ndalama zake zamtsogolo kuchokera ku mbiri iyi, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chosinthira ndalama.
Momwe mungapangire mbiri yazachuma, mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kugawa katundu: https://youtu.be/L6AzLPWEUZI

Rebalancing ndi njira yopewera kuwonjezereka kwa ziwopsezo zamabizinesi

Pogwira ntchito, chiŵerengero cha katundu mkati mwa ndalama zogulira ndalama chikhoza kusintha kwambiri. Izi zimachitika chifukwa mtengo wazinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zili mgululi zimasiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Ena mwa iwo adzakwera mtengo mofulumira kwambiri, ndipo ngati palibe kanthu, ndiye kuti nthawi zina zikhoza kuchitika kuti gulu limodzi lokha la chuma lidzayamba kuwerengera ndalama zambiri zamtengo wapatali. Ndipo mwachibadwa, chifukwa cha kusalinganika koteroko muzogulitsa ndalama, zoopsa zidzawonjezeka. Kuti izi zitheke, wobwereketsayo amayenera kukonzanso nthawi ndi nthawi momwe angagwiritsire ntchito ndalama zake. Chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunikira kutenga phindu kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zikukulirakulira ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndalamazi kuti mupeze katundu yemwe sakukula mwachangu kapenanso kugwa mpaka mbiriyo itakhazikikanso. Ngati ndalama zomwe zili mkati mwazogulitsa ndalama zikusintha pang’ono (1-3%), ndiye kuti palibe chomwe chingasinthidwe mu mbiriyo. Ngati ndalamazo zikusokonezedwa ndi zoposa 10%, ndiye kuti m’pofunika kubwezeretsanso mbiriyo ndikubwezeretsanso ku mlingo woyambirira wa chiŵerengero cha chuma.
Mwachitsanzo:
Tiyerekeze kuti gawo loyamba la Investor linali ndi stock to bond ratio ya 70/30. Gawo lina la magawowa lakula pamtengo, ndipo tsopano chiŵerengero ichi chiri kale 80/20. Kuti abwezere ndalamazo ku ndalama zake zoyambirira, wobwereketsa ayenera kugula ma bond ambiri kapena kugulitsa magawo ena. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti cholinga cha rebalancing sichikuwonjezera phindu la ndalama, koma kuchepetsa zoopsa zomwe zingatheke.