Gutandukanya ishoramari portfolio ni iki: ingero n’ingero

Gutandukanya Portfolio: uburyo bwo gushora imari. Uyu munsi, isi yinjiye mu rundi rwego rwo guhungabana, kandi ibyo ntibyashoboka ariko bigira ingaruka ku isoko ryimigabane. Ejo hashize, impapuro zisa nkizizewe (imigabane, bonds, nibindi) bitwara amafaranga menshi kandi bizana inyungu zihamye, uyumunsi biragabanuka cyane kubiciro. Kubwibyo, abashoramari bagomba kwitegura impinduka zikomeye mubihe byamasoko. Kandi kugirango ukore ibi, tandukanya imishinga yawe yishoramari kugirango ugabanye ingaruka zamafaranga. https://articles.opexflow.com/investicii/investicionnyj-portfel.htm

Ishoramari portfolio itandukanye – niki mumagambo yoroshye

Igitekerezo cyo gutandukana ni kinini. Irashobora gusobanura inzira yo kwagura ibikorwa bya entreprise kugirango yongere inyungu. Gutandukanya ibikorwa byishoramari bisobanura ingamba zo gucunga ingaruka zishoboka mugihe ubonye umutungo ku isoko ryimigabane. Iteganya kugabana umutungo (ububiko, ingwate, cyangwa ibindi bikoresho) ku buryo ingaruka kuri nyiri portfolio zihora ari nto bishoboka.

Inshingano zishoramari ni umutungo ukusanywa kuburyo inyungu zabo zujuje intego nintego zashyizweho na nyirazo bishoboka. Inshingano zishoramari ntizishobora gusa kuba zikubiyemo ibikoresho bikoreshwa ku isoko ryimigabane (imigabane yamafaranga yagurishijwe,
ejo hazaza , imigabane, inguzanyo, nibindi), ariko kandi ifaranga, ibyuma byagaciro, imitungo itimukanwa, kubitsa muri banki zitandukanye, n’ibindi.

Muri icyo gihe, ibyago ku mushoramari ni ibihe aho atabona urwego rwinjiza yateganyaga igihe yakoraga portfolio, cyangwa no gutakaza igice cyamafaranga yashowe. Gutandukanya portfolio ishoramari biremera kandi bitanga kugura umushoramari ntabwo ari igikoresho kimwe, ahubwo kugura umutungo mubyiciro bitandukanye bidafite aho bihuriye. Ibi biragufasha kwishyura igabanuka ryinjiza mukarere kamwe bitewe ninyungu zindi myanya. Muri icyo gihe, hakwiye kuzirikanwa ko kugura umutungo (imigabane) yamasosiyete atandukanye bitajya bitandukana. Kurugero, niba umushoramari aguze imigabane ya Chevron, Gazprom na Total, ubwo ntabwo bizaba bitandukanye, kubera ko ayo masosiyete yose, nubwo yanditswe mubihugu bitandukanye, akorera kumasoko rusange ya peteroli na gaze. Kandi reaction yisoko kubintu byose bizagira ingaruka byanze bikunze. Niba, ariko, portfolio yashizweho uhereye kumigabane yamasosiyete atandukanye akorera mubice bidafitanye isano, urugero, umusaruro wa peteroli na gaze, ubwubatsi, ikoranabuhanga rya IT, nibindi, noneho ingaruka zimpinduka mbi kumasoko kuri bo icyarimwe zizahinduka icyarimwe kuba muto.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwo gushora imari

Nta gisubizo kidashidikanywaho kubibazo – ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwo gushora imari? Buri mushoramari afite ibyo asabwa mu nshingano z’ishoramari, biterwa n’ibintu byinshi, urugero nko gushora imari, intego zishyirwaho, kwishyura amafaranga, n’ibindi. Kubwibyo, ntabwo ari byiza, ahubwo ni ibijyanye no gushora imari neza. Umushoramari arashobora kubona portfolio nkiyi niba itandukanye. Iyo inyungu ningaruka zirimo bizuzuza ibyifuzo byumushoramari bishoboka. Muri icyo gihe, buri mushoramari azagira inyungu ziteganijwe hamwe ningaruka zemewe. Ibyavuzwe haruguru birashobora kugereranwa nicyitegererezo gikurikira. Reka dufate “ubwoko butatu bw’abashoramari”:

Abashoramari baharanira inyungu

Abashoramari nkabo, mbere ya byose, barashaka kubungabunga umutungo wabo no kubarinda inzira y’ifaranga. Kubwibyo, kuri bo, gutandukana bizaba bigizwe no kubona umutungo wizewe (bonds, imigabane, nibindi) byamasosiyete ahamye, manini.
Ubwoko bwishoramari [/ caption]

Abashoramari Baciriritse

Biteguye gutangira gushora imari mu kaga kugirango bongere amafaranga. Ariko intego nyamukuru yabashoramari nkiyi iracyakusanya imari (mumigambi yashyizweho) mumyaka 10-20. Kubwibyo, ishoramari ryabo ryiganjemo imigabane yisoko ryagutse, kandi hafi yingingo zose zubukungu zirahagarariwe.

Abashoramari bakaze

Abashoramari nkabo baragerageza kubona byihuse inyungu nyinshi, bityo rero bakajya muburyo bwo kugabanuka kwishoramari ryabo. Kubashoramari nkabo, gutandukana bizaba mubushoramari.
Yiteguye gushora imari mu ishoramari [/ caption]

Ishoramari rya Venture nishoramari rishoramari rikorwa mumishinga myinshi itanga icyizere (ariko ishobora guteza akaga) mugihe cyambere cyo gushingwa.

Hamwe nibishoboka byinshi, imishinga 8 nkiyi 10 izananirwa. Ariko amafaranga yakiriwe mumishinga yashyizwe mubikorwa neza azatanga neza igihombo kandi azane inyungu zikomeye.

Nigute wubaka portfolio yawe

Kubwibyo, mbere yo gutangira gushinga imishinga yawe yishoramari, umucuruzi / umushoramari agomba mbere na mbere guhitamo intego akurikirana ningamba azakoresha. Intego zirashobora kuba zitandukanye – kuva kubona umutungo (inzu, inzu, imodoka ihenze, nibindi), kugeza kurihira abana cyangwa kubyara amafaranga yinyongera nyuma yizabukuru. Kurugero, umushoramari ufite imyaka 25-30 yiyemeje gushinga ikigega cya pansiyo. Afite imyaka 30-40 imbere ye. Kandi rero, agomba gukora portfolio yishoramari ryumutungo umaze kwerekana inyungu nziza kandi zihamye mugihe kirekire. Mugihe kimwe, ndetse no gukuramo imigabane, mugihe gito, ntabwo bizahindura cyane cyane inshingano nkizo, kuko hazabaho igihe gihagije cyigihe kiri imbere, kugirango bahamye kandi bakomeze gukura. Muri icyo gihe, niba igihe cy’ishoramari ari gito, imyaka 2-4, noneho portfolio kuri bo ikorwa neza kuva mubigega bifite umutekano muke, nubwo bidafite urwego rwo hejuru rwinjiza (mubisanzwe izi ni bonds. ”
ubururu bwubururu “). Intego n’inzira bimaze kugenwa, umushoramari atangira gukora portfolio, ahitamo umutungo akeneye hamwe nibipimo bikwiye. Muri iki gihe, urashobora kwiyambaza urwego rwinshi rwo gutandukana icyarimwe
:

Ubwoko bw’ifaranga

Muri iki gice cya portfolio, nibyiza kugira impapuro zigurishwa mubicuruzwa byinshi bihamye (amadolari, amayero, yuan, nibindi). Muri iki kibazo, icyaricyo cyose, ndetse no kugabanuka gukabije muri imwe mu mafranga ntabwo bizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku gaciro k’ishoramari ryose.

Ukurikije leta

Ntukemere gukusanya umutungo wigihugu icyo aricyo cyose muri portfolio yawe, ahubwo ubigabanye icyarimwe mubihugu byinshi bikomeye kwisi. Ibi bizirinda igihombo gikomeye mugihe habaye impinduka zitunguranye muri kimwe mubihugu, kugabanuka kurwego rwubukungu bwacyo.

Urwego rwumutungo

Mbere ya byose, ibi ni imigabane, ingwate nizindi mpapuro. Mugura imigabane, umushoramari, mbere ya byose, arateganya ko amagambo yabo, kandi, bityo, igiciro kizamuka. Iyo aguze ingwate, yishingikiriza, mbere ya byose, kwishyura byimazeyo kumafaranga yinjiza kuri bo. Mubyongeyeho, urashobora kandi gushora mumafaranga yagurishijwe (BPIF,  
ETF ), ifaranga na zahabu. .
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Urwego rw’ubukungu

Bikaba, na byo, nubwo ahubwo bisabwa, bigabanijwemo ibyashizweho bifite inyungu zihamye. Kandi ibishya, hamwe nu rwego rwo hejuru rwo guhanga udushya, bitwara ibyago, ariko hamwe nishoramari ryatsinze, barashobora kuzana amafaranga menshi cyane kubabonye ubushobozi bwabo mugihe.

Namasosiyete

Kubona imigabane yamasosiyete yihariye. Guhitamo bisaba umushoramari kugira ubumenyi bwimbitse bwimiterere yisoko, ubushobozi bwo kuyobora ibipimo nubushishozi bwimbitse. Mugihe ugura impapuro zagaciro, ugomba kwitondera ko umutungo umwe utarenza 10% byumushinga wishoramari, kandi urwego rumwe rwubukungu ntirurenga 20%. Gutandukanya portfolio yawe yishoramari mumagambo yoroshye: https://youtu.be/CA7d9VSi7NE

Ni ubuhe butumwa bwo gutandukana iyo ushora imari

Igitekerezo cya “portfolio” cyemejwe uyumunsi nuburyo bukwemerera guhitamo umutungo uzana inyungu zishoboka zose hamwe ningaruka nke. Ku bwe, kugira ngo acunge neza ingaruka z’ishoramari, umuntu ashobora gushora imari binyuze mu buryo butandukanye. Noneho, niba uhujije umutungo ushobora guteza akaga kandi uhamye, urashobora gukora portfolio iringaniye. Kurugero, hamwe n imigabane, urashobora kandi kugura ibicuruzwa. Muri icyo gihe, ingaruka rusange zishoramari zizaba nke cyane ugereranije no kugura ibikoresho byihariye. Iyi nyigisho ivuga kandi ko umutungo ugomba guhuzwa mu nzego z’ubukungu zidafitanye isano rwose. Kurugero, reka tuvuge ko agaciro k’impapuro zimwe zigabanuka cyane kubera izamuka ryibiciro byibikoresho bimwe na bimwe, mugihe ibindi bizamuka cyane.

Gutandukanya Inversion Portfolio – Ibyiza n’ibibi

Kimwe nakazi kose, gutandukana bifite ibyiza n’ibibi.

Ibyiza byo Gutandukana

Ibyiza bidashidikanywaho byo gutandukana birimo:

1. Kugabanya ingaruka kurwego rwemewe . Birashoboka ko umushoramari yatakaza amafaranga menshi yagabanutse cyane.
2. Amahirwe kumushoramari gushora igice cyamafaranga mumitungo ishobora guteza akaga, ariko yunguka cyane . Mubikorwa bitandukanye byishoramari, imitungo nkiyi ntabwo izongera urwego rusange rwibyago.
3. Kurinda ihindagurika ry’isoko ryinshi.
4. Mu gihe kirekire, irashobora kongera inyungu rusange ku ishoramari .

Ibibi byo Gutandukana

Ingaruka zo gutandukana zirimo:

1. Ntabwo izarinda ingaruka zifatika zigira ingaruka kumasoko yose kumasoko.
2. Ingorane zo gucunga portfolio yishoramari, kuko umutungo urimo, niko bigoye kubicunga.
3. Kongera komisiyo, uko impapuro nyinshi umushoramari agura, niko komisiyo nyinshi agomba kwishyura.
4. Gutandukana cyane birashobora kugabanya cyane kugaruka kwa portfolio.
5. Ubushobozi buke bwo kubona amafaranga mugihe gito.

Uburyo gutandukana bigira ingaruka ku kwizerwa kwishoramari nuburyo bwo gutanga umutungo ukwiye: https://youtu.be/GH6e9aY2BOI

Hariho ingero zuzuye zuzuye zishoramari

Abashakashatsi n’abashoramari bamaze igihe kinini bagerageza gukora “ishoramari” ryishoramari ryizewe gutanga inyungu nyinshi mugihe hagabanijwe ingaruka zose. Ariko inshingano nkizo zishoboka gusa mwisi “nziza”, kandi kubera ko abashoramari bagomba gukorana nukuri, bizashoboka kumenya portfolio izunguka cyane mumyaka icumi gusa nyuma yimyaka icumi. Ubukungu bwisi burahora buhinduka kandi zimwe murizo mpinduka ntizishoboka rwose guhanura. Kubwibyo, abashoramari ntibakagombye gukoresha igihe cyabo bashaka “ishoramari” ryishoramari. Kandi birakwiye gukusanya portfolio yujuje byuzuye neza uko ibintu bimeze ubu mumasoko yimigabane, hanyuma ugatangira gukorana nayo. Kubisobanuro birambuye kandi byuzuye byerekana ibimenyetso, Birakwiye ko dusuzuma bumwe muburyo buzwi cyane bwishoramari riringaniye. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_12615” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “444”]
Urugero rwuzuye rwishoramari rwuzuye [/ caption]

Ubwoko bw’ishoramari portfolio – “portfolio iteka”

Ubu bwoko bwagaragaye mu ntangiriro ya za 70 z’ikinyejana gishize kandi ni bwo buryo bworoshye bwo gushora imari mu buryo bwuzuye.Mu
rwego nk’urwo, amafaranga yose yashoramari yashoramari agabanijwemo ibice bine bingana kandi ashora imari mu nguzanyo, zahabu, amafaranga ndetse n’imigabane. Muri icyo gihe, buri mutungo ubarirwa muri kimwe cya kane cyamafaranga yashowe. Muri make, niba umubare w’ishoramari mu ishoramari wari miliyoni 10, noneho buri mutungo wagize miliyoni 2.5. .
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Ubwoko bw’ishoramari portfolio – 50 kugeza 50

Muri iyi nshingano, 50% by’amafaranga yashowe ashorwa mu kugura imigabane na 50% muri bonds. Muri icyo gihe, umutungo winjiye mu gihugu nawo uratandukanye, niba rero imigabane myinshi ari iy’amasosiyete y’Abanyamerika, noneho muri bonds igice kinini ni icy’ibigo by’Abashinwa cyangwa Uburusiya.
Kurugero: Ububiko bingana na mirongo itanu kwijana rya portfolio:

• TSPX (Chip yubururu yo muri Amerika) – 30%
• TMOS (chip yubururu bwikirusiya) – 5%
• VTBE (imigabane yamasosiyete mubindi bihugu) -15%
• Ingwate ingana na mirongo itanu ku ijana ya portfolio:
• OFZ (inguzanyo za minisiteri yimari yuburusiya) – 30%
• FXRU (ingwate y’amafaranga y’amasosiyete yo mu Burusiya) – 10%
• FXRB (ingwate y’amafaranga y’isosiyete y’Uburusiya irinda impinduka z’ivunjisha) – 10%.

Ubwoko bw’ishoramari – “Urwego rwo hejuru”

Ubu bwoko bufite igice kimwe na “portfolio iteka”, ariko kandi ifite itandukaniro rikomeye kuri yo. Mbere ya byose, ikubiyemo ishoramari mu mutungo utimukanwa hamwe nicyo bita ubundi buryo – gukoresha amafaranga, ibiceri, kashe, ibikorwa by’ubuhanzi, ibya kera.
Irashobora kumera gutya:

• Umugabane – 25%.
• Amafaranga yatanzwe – 25%.
• Ibyuma by’agaciro – 20%.
• Umutungo utimukanwa – 20%.
• Ibindi bishoramari – 10%.

Portfolio yishoramari mubigo byimbere mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga [/ caption]

Ubwoko bw’ishoramari portfolio – “Ifaranga ry’amafaranga”

Inshingano nkizo zishoramari zigizwe gusa nifaranga kandi ntizikwiye kubyara inyungu zinyongera cyangwa gukusanya imari. Ariko portfolio nkiyi ni nziza mu kuzigama amafaranga yashowe. Kandi, niba umushoramari ateganya gukoresha amafaranga azakurikira muri iyi portfolio, ubwo rero nta mpamvu yo guhindura amafaranga.
Nigute ushobora gukora portfolio ishoramari, portfolio itandukanye, kugabana umutungo: https://youtu.be/L6AzLPWEUZI

Kuvugurura ni uburyo bwo gukumira kwiyongera kwingaruka zishoramari

Mubikorwa byakazi, igipimo cyumutungo murwego rwishoramari kirashobora guhinduka cyane. Ibi bibaho kuko agaciro k’umutungo utandukanye muri portfolio karatandukanye. Bimwe muribi bizamuka mubiciro byihuse, kandi niba nta gikorwa gifashwe, noneho mugihe runaka birashobora kubaho ko itsinda ryumutungo umwe gusa rizatangira kubara byinshi mubyagaciro byinshingano zishoramari. Kandi mubisanzwe, nkubusumbane nkubwo murwego rwishoramari, ingaruka ziziyongera. Kugirango wirinde ikibazo nk’iki, umushoramari agomba guhora ahinduranya inshingano zishoramari. Ni ukubera iki ari ngombwa gufata inyungu mu mutungo ukura kandi ugakoresha ayo mafaranga kugirango ubone umutungo udatera imbere cyane cyangwa se ugabanuka kugeza igihe portfolio yongeye kuringaniza. Niba impirimbanyi murwego rwishoramari ruhindutse murwego ruto (1-3%), ubwo ntakintu gishobora guhinduka murwego rwo hejuru. Niba impirimbanyi ihungabanye hejuru ya 10%, noneho birakenewe ko uhinduranya portfolio hanyuma ukayisubiza kurwego rwambere rwumutungo.
Nkurugero:
Tuvuge ko umushinga wambere umushoramari yari afite imigabane ihwanye na 70/30. Igice gitandukanye cyimigabane cyazamutse mubiciro, none iki gipimo kimaze kuba 80/20. Kugirango usubize portfolio muburyo bwa mbere, umushoramari agomba kugura byinshi byinguzanyo cyangwa kugurisha imigabane imwe. Muri icyo gihe, hagomba kwibukwa ko intego yo kwisubiraho atari ukongera inyungu mu nshingano z’ishoramari, ahubwo ni ukugabanya ingaruka zishoboka.