Portfolio diversification: nzira yekuchengetedza mari. Nhasi nyika yapinda munharaunda yeimwe destabilization, uye izvi hazvigone asi kukanganisa musika wemasheya. Nezuro chete, zvivimbiso zvinoratidzika zvakavimbika (zvicherwa, zvisungo, nezvimwewo) zvinodhura mari yakawanda uye zvinounza purofiti yakagadzikana, nhasi zviri kuwira zvakanyanya mumutengo. Naizvozvo, vatengesi vanofanirwa kugadzirira shanduko dzakapinza mumamiriro emusika. Uye kuita izvi, siyanisa yako yekudyara portfolio kuti uderedze njodzi dzako dzemari. https://articles.opexflow.com/investicii/investicionnyj-portfel.htm
- Investment portfolio diversification – chii chiri mumashoko akareruka
- Chii chinonzi optimal investment portfolio
- Conservative investigative
- Zvine mwero Investors
- Aggressive investimendi
- Maitiro ekugadzira yako investment portfolio
- Nerudzi rwemari
- By state
- Nekirasi yeasset
- Nechikamu chehupfumi
- Nemakambani
- Chii chinonzi diversification kana uchiisa mari
- Diversifying an Inversion Portfolio – Pros uye Cons
- Zvakanakira Diversification
- Cons of Diversification
- Pane here mienzaniso yezvizere zvakaenzanirana investment portfolios
- Rudzi rwekudyara portfolio – “perpetual portfolio”
- Rudzi rwekudyara portfolio – 50 kusvika 50
- Investment portfolio type – “Advanced portfolio”
- Rudzi rwekudyara portfolio – “Currency portfolio”
- Rebalancing inzira yekudzivirira kuwedzera kwenjodzi kune yekudyara portfolio
Investment portfolio diversification – chii chiri mumashoko akareruka
Pfungwa yekusiyana-siyana yakafaranuka. Zvinogona kureva maitiro ekuwedzera chiyero chebhizinesi kuitira kuwedzera purofiti. Diversification of the investment portfolio inoreva nzira yekugadzirisa njodzi dzinogona kuitika kana uchiwana zvinhu pamusika wemasheya. Inopa kugovewa kwezvinhu (masheya, mabhondi, kana zvimwe zviridzwa) nenzira yekuti njodzi dzemuridzi wepodfolio dzinogara dziri shoma sezvinobvira.
Mari yekudyara midziyo inounganidzwa nenzira yekuti purofiti yavo inosangana nezvinangwa uye zvinangwa zvakatemwa nemuridzi wayo zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Investment portfolios inogona kusanganisira kwete chete seti yezviridzwa zvinoshandiswa mumusika wemasheya (migove yekuchinjana-yakatengeswa mari,
remangwana , masheya, mabhondi, nezvimwewo), asiwo mari, simbi dzinokosha, real estate, deposits mumabhangi akasiyana siyana, zvichingoenda zvakadaro.
Panguva imwecheteyo, njodzi kune investor mamiriro ezvinhu umo iye haagamuchire mwero wemari yaakaronga paanenge achigadzira iyo portfolio, kana kunyange kurasikirwa kwechikamu chemari inoiswa. Diversification of the investment portfolio inobvumira uye inopa kutengwa nemushambadzi kwete kwechero chiridzwa, asi kutengwa kwezvinhu muzvikamu zvakasiyana izvo zvine hukama zvishoma kune mumwe nemumwe. Izvi zvinokutendera kutsiva kudonha kwemari mune imwe nzvimbo nekuda kwekubatsira kwezvimwe zvinzvimbo. Panguva imwecheteyo, inofanira kurangarirwa kuti kutengwa kwezvinhu (zvikamu) zvemakambani akasiyana-siyana hakusi nguva dzose kusiyanisa. Semuenzaniso, kana mutengesi achitenga zvikamu zveChevron, Gazprom uye Total, saka izvi hazvizove zvakasiyana-siyana, sezvo makambani ose aya, pasinei nokuti akanyoreswa munyika dzakasiyana, anoshanda mumusika wemafuta uye gasi. Uye kuita kwemusika kune chero zviitiko zvinozokanganisa chimwe nechimwe chazvo. Kana, zvisinei, portfolio yakaumbwa kubva kuzvikamu zvemakambani akasiyana-siyana anoshanda munzvimbo dzisina hukama, semuenzaniso, kugadzirwa kwemafuta uye gasi, kuvaka, IT tekinoroji, nezvimwewo, ipapo njodzi dzekuchinja kwakashata kwemusika kwavari dzichaitika panguva imwe chete. iva mushoma.
Chii chinonzi optimal investment portfolio
Iko hakuna mhinduro isina kujeka kumubvunzo – ndeipi iyo yakakwana yekudyara portfolio? Mumwe nemumwe anodyara ane zvaanoda kune yekudyara portfolio, zvinoenderana nehuwandu hukuru hwezvinhu, senge yekudyara horizon, zvibodzwa zvakaiswa, zvemari kugadzirisa, nezvimwe. Naizvozvo, hazvisi pamusoro pezvakanakisa, asi nezve yakanyatso-yeneka yekudyara portfolio. Munhu anodyara mari anogona kuwana portfolio yakadaro kana yakanyatso siyana. Kana iyo purofiti uye njodzi mairi ichasangana nezvishuwo zvemutyairi zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Panguva imwecheteyo, mumwe nemumwe wevaridzi achave neavo mari inotarisirwa uye njodzi dzinogamuchirika. Izvo zviri pamusoro zvinogona kuenzanisirwa neinotevera conditional modhi. Ngatitorei matatu makuru “mhando dzevanoisa mari”:
Conservative investigative
Vanoisa mari vakadaro, chekutanga, vanoda kuchengetedza midziyo yavo uye kuvadzivirira kubva kune inflation process. Nokudaro, kwavari, kusiyana-siyana kunosanganisira kuwana zvinhu zvakavimbika zvikuru (zvisungo, mashizha, nezvimwewo) zvemakambani akagadzikana, makuru. 
Zvine mwero Investors
Vakagadzirira kutanga kuita mari ine njodzi kuti vawedzere mari yavo. Asi chinangwa chikuru chevatengesi vakadaro ichiri kuunganidza mari (mukati mezvinangwa zvakagadzirirwa) kwemakore 10-20. Naizvozvo, mapotifolio avo ekudyara anotongwa nemasheya emusika wakafara, uye anenge ese zvikamu zvehupfumi zvinomiririrwa mairi.
Aggressive investimendi
Vakadaro vatengesi vari kuyedza kukurumidza kuwana madzoro akakwira, uye nekudaro vanoenda nyore kune kudhirowa kwekudyara kwavo portfolio. Kune vakadaro vanoisa mari, kusiyanisa kuchava mukudyara kwemari. 
Venture investment ndeyekudyara uko mari inoitwa mune akati wandei anovimbisa (asi ane njodzi) mapurojekiti padanho rekutanga rekuumbwa kwavo.
Nekukwanisa kukuru, 8 mapurojekiti akadaro kubva pagumi achakundikana. Asi mari inotambirwa kubva kumapurojekiti akabudirira inovhara zvizere kurasikirwa uye kuunza purofiti yakakura.
Maitiro ekugadzira yako investment portfolio
Naizvozvo, usati watanga kuumba yako yekudyara portfolio, mutengesi/musimasi anofanira kutanga afunga nezvezvinangwa zvaari kutsvaga uye zano raachashandisa. Zvinangwa zvinogona kunge zvakasiyana-siyana – kubva pakuwana pfuma (furati, imba, motokari inodhura, nezvimwewo), kubhadharira vana dzidzo kana kuunza imwe mari mushure mekurega basa. Semuenzaniso, mushambadzi ane makore 25-30 akasarudza kuzvigadzirira homwe yepenjeni. Ane makore 30-40 mberi kwake. Uye saka, anofanirwa kuumba mari yekuisa mari yezvinhu zvakatoratidza kudzoka kwakanaka uye kwakagadzikana kwenguva yakareba. Panguva imwecheteyo, kunyange kumwe kudonhedzwa kwemasheya, kwenguva pfupi, hakuzonyanya kukanganisa portfolio yakadaro, nekuti kuchava nenguva yakakwana pamberi, kuitira kuti vadzikame uye varambe vachikura. Panguva imwecheteyo, kana nguva yekudyara iri ipfupi, makore 2-4, saka iyo portfolio yavo inogadzirwa zvakanyanya kubva mumasheya ane kugadzikana kwepamusoro, kunyangwe isiri iyo yepamusoro yepamusoro yemari (kazhinji aya mabhondi ”
blue chips “). Mushure mekunge zvinangwa uye nzira dzave dzakatemerwa, investor anotanga kugadzira portfolio, achisarudza midziyo yaanoda neakakodzera paramita. Munguva ino, unogona kutendeukira kune akati wandei nhanho dzekusiyanisa kamwechete: 
Nechikamu chehupfumi
Izvo, zvakare, kunyangwe hazvo zvine mamiriro, zvakakamurwa kuita zvakasimbiswa zvine kudzoka kwakagadzikana. Uye mitsva, ine dhigirii yakakwira yekuvandudza, iyo inotakura njodzi, asi nekudyara kwakabudirira, vanogona kuunza mari yakawanda kwazvo kune avo vakaona kugona kwavo munguva.
Nemakambani
Kutorwa kwemasheya emakambani chaiwo. Sarudzo inoda kuti investor ave neruzivo rwakadzama rwemamiriro emusika, kugona kufamba-famba zviratidzo uye yakadzika intuition. Paunenge uchitenga zvibatiso, unofanirwa kuterera kune chokwadi chekuti imwe pfuma haitore zvinopfuura 10% yezvekudyara portfolio, uye chikamu chimwe chehupfumi hachipfuure makumi maviri muzana. Diversifying your investment portfolio in simple terms: https://youtu.be/CA7d9VSi7NE
Chii chinonzi diversification kana uchiisa mari
Iyo “portfolio” dzidziso yakagamuchirwa nhasi inzira inobvumidza iwe kuti usarudze midziyo inounza iyo yepamusoro-soro mari ine njodzi shoma. Sekureva kwake, kuti ubudirire kubata njodzi mukudyara, munhu anogona kuisa mari kuburikidza nekusiyana. Saka, kana iwe ukabatanidza zvinhu zvine njodzi uye zvakagadzikana, unogona kugadzira yakaenzana portfolio. Semuenzaniso, pamwe chete nemigove, unogonawo kutenga mabhondi. Panguva imwecheteyo, njodzi yese yekudyara ichave yakaderera zvakanyanya pane yekutenga zviridzwa zvega. Dzidziso iyi inotiwo midziyo inofanirwa kuenzaniswa muzvikamu zvehupfumi zvisina kudyidzana zvachose. Semuenzaniso, ngatitii kukosha kwezvimwe zvibatiso kunodonha zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuwedzera kwemitengo yezvimwe zvigadzirwa, asi zvimwe zvichikwira zvakanyanya. 
Zvakanakira Diversification
Izvo zvisina mubvunzo zvakanakira zvekusiyanisa zvinosanganisira:
- Kuderedza njodzi kusvika pamwero unogamuchirika . Mukana wekuti investor acharasikirwa nemari yakakosha inoderedzwa zvakanyanya.
- Mukana wekuti investor aise chikamu chemari mune zvine njodzi, asi zvine pundutso zvakanyanya . Muchikamu chekudyara chakasiyana-siyana, midziyo yakadaro haizowedzere huwandu hwengozi.
- Kudzivirirwa pamusika wepamusoro kusagadzikana.
- Mukufamba kwenguva, inogona kuwedzera kudzoserwa kwese pane iyo investment portfolio .
Cons of Diversification
Zvakaipa zvediversification zvinosanganisira:
- Izvo hazvizodziviriri kubva kune systemic njodzi inokanganisa zvese chengetedzo mumusika.
- Zvinetso mukugadzirisa portfolio yekudyara, nekuti iyo yakawanda midziyo yainayo, ndiyo inonyanya kuoma kuzvibata.
- Kuwedzera makomisheni, iyo yakawanda securities inotengwa nemutengi, iyo yakawanda makomisheni yaanofanira kubhadhara.
- Kuwedzeredza kusiyanisa kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kudzoka kwepodfolio.
- Mukana wekuwana mushoma munguva pfupi.
Kusiyanisa kunokanganisa sei kuvimbika kwekudyara portfolio uye maitiro ekuita iyo chaiyo asset kugovera: https://youtu.be/GH6e9aY2BOI
Pane here mienzaniso yezvizere zvakaenzanirana investment portfolios
Masayendisiti uye vanoisa mari vagara vachiedza kugadzira “yakanaka” yekudyara portfolio iyo inovimbiswa kupa yakakwira kudzoka uku ichideredza zvachose njodzi. Asi iyo portfolio yakadaro inogoneka chete munyika “yakanaka”, uye sezvo vatengesi vachifanira kushanda neicho chaicho, zvinokwanisika kuziva kuti ndeipi iyo portfolio ichave inobatsira zvakanyanya mumakore gumi chete mushure memakore gumi. Hupfumi hwenyika huri kuramba huchichinja uye dzimwe shanduko dzayo hazvigoneke kufembera. Naizvozvo, vatengesi havafanire kushandisa nguva yavo vachitsvaga iyo “yakanaka” yekudyara mari. Uye zvakakosha kuunganidza portfolio inonyatso sangana chaizvo nemamiriro azvino mumisika yemasheya, uye tanga kushanda nayo. Kuti uwane kunzwisiswa kwakaringana uye kwakazara kwenzvimbo, Izvo zvakakosha kuti titarise mamwe emhando dzinonyanya kufarirwa dzealanced investment portfolios. [caption id = "attach_12615" align = "aligncenter" wide = "444"]
Rudzi rwekudyara portfolio – “perpetual portfolio”
Rudzi urwu rwakaonekwa mukutanga 70s yezana ramakore rapfuura uye ndiyo yakapfava yemhando yepakati pekudyara mari.Mune portfolio
Rudzi rwekudyara portfolio – 50 kusvika 50
Mune ino portfolio, 50% yemari yakasimwa inoiswa mukutenga kwemasheya uye 50% mumabhondi. Panguva imwecheteyo, midziyo yakawanikwa mukati zvakare yakasiyaniswa, saka kana mazhinji emasheya ari emakambani eAmerica, saka muzvisungo chikamu chakakosha ndecheChinese kana Russian mabhizinesi.
- TSPX (US blue chips) – 30%
- TMOS (Russian blue chips) – 5%
- VTBE (zvikamu zvemakambani kune dzimwe nyika) -15%
- Mabhondi muhuwandu hwemakumi mashanu muzana epotfolio:
- OFZ (zvisungo zveBazi reMari yeRussian Federation) – 30%
- FXRU (mari zvisungo zvemakambani eRussia) – 10%
- FXRB (mari yezvisungo zvekambani yeRussia ine dziviriro pakuchinja kwekuchinjana) – 10%.
Investment portfolio type – “Advanced portfolio”
Mhando iyi ine chikamu chakafanana ne “eternal portfolio”, asi inewo misiyano yakakura kubva pairi. Chokutanga pane zvose, zvinosanganisira kuisa mari muzvivako uye izvo zvinonzi dzimwe nzira – cryptocurrency, mari, zvitambi, mabasa emifananidzo, zvekare.
- Kugovana – 25%.
- Bond package – 25%.
- Masimbi anokosha – 20%.
- Real estate – 20%.
- Mamwe mashandisirwo emari – 10%.
Rudzi rwekudyara portfolio – “Currency portfolio”
Yakadaro portfolio yekudyara inongosanganisira mari chete uye haina kukodzera kugadzira chaiyo yekuwedzera mari kana kuunganidza mari. Asi portfolio yakadaro yakanaka kuchengetedza mari yakasimwa. Uye, kana mushambadzi akaronga kuita mari yake yeramangwana kubva kune ino portfolio, saka hapana chikonzero chekuita shanduko yemari.
Rebalancing inzira yekudzivirira kuwedzera kwenjodzi kune yekudyara portfolio
Mukuita basa, chiyero chemidziyo mukati mekudyara portfolio inogona kuchinja zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinoitika nekuti kukosha kwezvakasiyana midziyo mupotfolio kunosiyana zvisina kuenzana. Vamwe vavo vachakwira mumutengo nokukurumidza zvikuru, uye kana pasina chiito chinotorwa, zvino pane imwe nguva zvinogona kuitika kuti kirasi imwe chete yeasset inotanga kuverenga yakawanda yekukosha kwekutsvaga kwekutsvaga. Uye nemasikirwo, semhedzisiro yekusaenzana kwakadai mune yekudyara portfolio, njodzi dzinowedzera. Kuti udzivise mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, mutyairi anoda nguva nenguva kudzoreredza mari yake yekudyara. Sei zvakakosha kutora purofiti kubva mukukura midziyo uye kushandisa huwandu uhu kuwana zvinhu zvisiri kukura zvakanyanya kana kusagika kusvika iyo portfolio yadzikama zvakare. Kana chiyero chiri mukati mekudyara kwepodfolio kuchichinja mune diki diki (1-3%), saka hapana chinogona kuchinjika mune portfolio. Kana iyo chiyero ichikanganiswa neinopfuura 10%, saka zvinodikanwa kudzoreredza iyo portfolio uye kuidzosera kune yekutanga nhanho yeasset ratio.
Semuenzaniso:
Ngatitii yekutanga portfolio yemutengi yaive nestock kune bond ratio ye70/30. Chikamu chakasiyana chezvikamu zvakakura mumutengo, uye ikozvino chiyero ichi chatova 80/20. Kuti udzorere iyo portfolio kune yayo yekutanga chiyero, investor anofanira kutenga zvimwe zvezvisungo kana kutengesa zvimwe zvezvikamu. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinofanirwa kuyeukwa kuti chinangwa chekugadzirisa zvakare hachisi chekuwedzera purofiti yekudyara mari, asi kuderedza njodzi dzinogona kuitika.
