Kodi kubisala pachiwopsezo ndi chiyani m’mawu osavuta, zida ndi njira

Pali njira zingapo zomwe osunga ndalama ndi amalonda angathandizire kuchepetsa chiopsezo. Chimodzi mwa izi ndi kukwera.

Kodi tanthauzo la hedging ndi chiyani, ndi chiyani ndipo limagwira ntchito bwanji pa chitsanzo chenicheni

Hedging ndi njira yochepetsera zoopsa zomwe zimachitika m’misika yazachuma. M’malo mwake, mumapanga malonda am’mbuyo kuti mulipire zomwe zingawonongeke pazomwe zidatsegulidwa kale.
Chitsanzo:
Tinene kuti muli ndi gawo la Gazprom. Chifukwa cha kuwongolera kotheka kwa mitengo ya gasi ndi geopolitics, mukuwopa kuti zolemba zamasheya zidzagwa. Mu nkhani iyi, inu mukhoza kutembenukira kwa hedging. Ndiko kuti, tsegulani malo pa kugwa kwa katundu. Ngati izi sizichitika, ndiye kuti mudzataya pang’ono. Gawo laling’ono chabe la likulu, lomwe linayikidwa pa kugwa. Koma ngati mapepala a Gazprom agwa, ndiye kuti mupanga phindu pazachuma chachifupi. Idzalipira zotayika pa malo omwe adatsegulidwa kale.
Yemwe Amagwiritsa Ntchito Njira Zotchingira:

1. Hedge Funds . Amayang’anira chuma cha anthu ena mwaukadaulo ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zokhudzana ndi kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa msika.
2. Ogulitsa kunja ndi Ogulitsa kunja . Makampani oterowo amatsimikizira kuopsa kokhudzana ndi kusokonezeka kwa maunyolo kapena kusintha kwa kusinthana.
3. Amalonda . Owonera amatsegula malo obwerera kumbuyo pa chida chomwecho. Cholinga ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kusakhazikika kwa malonda.
4. Ogulitsa akuluakulu . Amatsimikizira kuopsa kwa mbiri ndi dziko, ndalama ndi mafakitale.

Hedge imapezeka osati kwa osewera akulu okha. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi osunga ndalama ang’onoang’ono omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa.

Chifukwa chiyani muyenera kubisala pachiwopsezo m’mawu osavuta

Chida chachitetezo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazolinga izi:

1. Kutetezedwa kwa malo aatali ngati kungagwere katunduyo. Mutha kutsegula malonda a Short papepala lomwelo. Mukasintha mtengo wamtengo wapatali, simudzataya chilichonse.
2. Inshuwaransi yamalonda aifupi ngati kukwera kwa mtengo wa katundu. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutsegula Malo Aatali pa chida chomwecho. Izi zidzateteza ku volatility.
3. Yesani motsutsana ndi kusintha kwa mtengo wosinthira. Kuyika ndalama zowononga ndalama ndi njira yotetezera ndalama zanu pakagwa kusintha kwa ndalama zakunja.
4. Kuchepetsa ziwopsezo zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimayenderana ndi bizinesi. Mwachitsanzo, hedge imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuphwanya masiku obereka.
5. Kuthetsa kusatsimikizika. Ngati mulibe ndondomeko yomveka bwino ya zomwe zidzachitike kumsika posachedwa, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito hedge. Gulani zida zosinthira ndikukhazikitsa ndalama zotsutsana ndi kusintha komwe kungachitike.

Mitundu ya hedging pa kusinthanitsa, mu malonda osati pa kusinthanitsa

Pali magulu angapo a hedge. Zonse zimadalira pa phunziro. Tiyeni tikambirane zofunika kwambiri. Mwa mtundu wa chida:

1. Kusinthana – mapangano omwe amapangidwa pakusinthana. Zida zodziwika bwino za hedging ndizosankha komanso zam’tsogolo. Amathandizira kutsimikizira kuopsa kwachuma. Gulu lachitatu pakuchitapo kanthu ndi nyumba yoyeretsa. Iye ali ndi udindo wokonza ndi kutumiza mgwirizano.
2. OTC – makontrakitala omwe amatsirizidwa kunja kwa kusinthanitsa. Wogula ndi wogulitsa akhoza kuchita malondawo mwachindunji kapena kuphatikizira munthu wina. Zida zazikulu zotchingira ndi kutsogolo ndi ma swaps. Zochita izi zimachitika kamodzi. Sangagulitsidwe kwa anthu ena. OTC hedging nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa ngozi zabizinesi.

Kutengera kuopsa kwa inshuwaransi:

• kutsekereza kwathunthu – kukula kwa kusinthaku ndikofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa malo oyamba otseguka;
• kutchingira pang’ono – kuchuluka kwa malonda a malonda ndi ochepa kuposa kukula kwa malo omwe adatsegulidwa kale.

Ndi mtundu wina:

• Wogula hedge . Wogulitsa ndalama amatsimikizira zoopsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukwera kwamitengo kapena kuwonongeka kwa mgwirizano wa mgwirizano.
• Mpanda wa wogulitsa . Pankhaniyi, zoopsa zimakhala ndi inshuwaransi pakugwa kwamitengo kapena kuwonongeka kwa mgwirizano.

Pofika nthawi yogulitsa:

• Classic hedge . Choyamba, amajambula mgwirizano waukulu, kenako mgwirizano wa inshuwaransi.
• Superior Hedge . Zonse zimachitika mwanjira ina mozungulira. Choyamba, amapanga inshuwaransi, kenako yayikulu.

Kutengera mtundu wa zinthu zofunika:

• hedging yoyera – chinthu chomwe chili pansi pazamalonda zazikulu ndi zosinthira ndizofanana;
• mtanda – udindo waukulu ndi inshuwaransi ndi chuma china.

Kutengera mtundu wa migwirizano ya hedging:

• unilateral – kuwonongeka kwachuma ndi ndalama zimatengedwa ndi mbali imodzi yokha ya malonda;
• mayiko awiri – kugawanika kwa phindu ndi ndalama kumagwera mbali zonse.

Zida Zoyimbira

Zida zazikulu zosinthira ku hedging ndi:

1. Malo achidule . Zikatere, mumabwereka zitetezo, kuzigulitsa, ndikuzigula pamtengo wotsika. Kusiyana pakati pa mtengo wogulitsa ndi wogulanso ndi phindu lomwe lidzapangidwe pamsika wapansi. Malonda oterewa amatchedwa malonda a margin. Mumagulitsa masheya obwereka. Wogulitsayo atenga komiti yogwiritsa ntchito zitetezo. Ikhozanso kutseka mokakamiza malonda pamtengo wosayenera kwa inu ngati malowo sali otetezedwa.
2. Njira . Iyi ndi mgwirizano womwe wogula angagulitse katundu pamtengo wokonzedweratu. Ndipo ziribe kanthu kuti mtengo udzakhala wotani panthawi yogulitsa. Ngati mukuyembekeza kuchepa kwa mitengo yamtengo wapatali, ndiye gulani njira ya PUT. Choncho, mumakonza mtengo wa pepala. M’tsogolomu, ngati magawowo agwa, ndiye kuti mukhoza kugulitsa katunduyo pamtengo woyambirira. Ngati zolemba sizikugwa, ndiye kuti muli ndi ufulu wosagulitsa katunduyo.
3. Tsogolo . Iyi ndi mgwirizano wogulitsa katundu pa tsiku linalake pamtengo wokonzedweratu. Ngati mukuganiza kuti pepalalo lidzakhala lotsika mtengo, ndiye kuti mumagulitsa mgwirizano wam’tsogolo. Patsiku loyenera la mgwirizano, gulu lina lidzakakamizika kugula katunduyo pamtengo wokonzedweratu.
4. Kusinthana . Monga gawo la malonda opita patsogolo, maphwando amasinthanitsa malipiro kwa nthawi inayake. Kutsekera koteroko nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi oyang’anira ma fund. Mwachitsanzo, kampani ya FinEx poyang’anira ndalama za ETF.
5. Inverse ETFs . Ndalama zoterezi zimapangidwira kuti ziwonetsere zomwe amatsatira. Ngati index yayikulu ikugwa, ndiye amawuka. Inverse ETFs imapereka kukula mu 1x, 2x, ndi zina. Ndiko kuti, kugulitsa ndi mwayi kulipo.

Zofunika! Zida zomwe zili pamwambazi zotchingira ziwopsezo zimapezeka kwa osunga ndalama oyenerera.

M’misika yamsika, kutsogolo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kutchinga. Mgwirizanowu umakhudza kuperekedwa kwa chuma chomwe chili pansi. Mfundo za mgwirizano wopita patsogolo zimayikidwa ndi maphwando okha. [id id mawu = “attach_14276” align = “aligncenter” wide = “631”]
Kusinthana ndi zida zotchingira za OTC[/ mawu]

Chitsanzo cha hedging

Dola yaku US ndi golide zili ndi mgwirizano wabwino wosiyana. Ngati wogulitsa ali ndi golidi mu mbiri yake, ndipo akuwopa kugwa kwa mtengo wamtengo wapatali, ndiye kuti akhoza kubisa zoopsazo kudzera mu mgwirizano wamtsogolo wa ndondomeko ya dola ya US. Mtundu woterewu umatchedwa cross hedging.
Pachithunzithunzi cha mbiri ya kusinthana kwa Dollar US mpaka Dollar US, mutha kuwona mbiri yakusintha kwa mtengo wamtengo. Izi zidapangitsa kuti zitheke kubweza zambiri zomwe zidatayika chifukwa cha kuchepa mphamvu kwa golide. Pachaka, index ya dollar yaku US idakwera ndi 6.34%, golide idatsika ndi 7.76%.

Zolakwika mukamagwiritsa ntchito hedge

Poteteza zoopsa, osunga ndalama ndi amalonda osadziwa nthawi zina amalakwitsa. Zotsatira zake, zimatsogolera kutayika kwa gawo la likulu. Zolakwitsa zofala kwambiri za hedging ndi:

• katundu wapansi sanasankhidwe molakwika panthawi yopingasa;
• zolakwika zomwe zimaperekedwa zimayikidwa;
• chida cholakwika chamalonda chotchingira chimasankhidwa;
• palibe chikole cha malonda ndi mphamvu;
• voliyumu ya counter-transaction imawerengedwa molakwika.

Ubwino ndi kuipa

Ubwino wake	Zolakwa
Njira yopangira hedging imathandizira kuchepetsa kugwa kwamtengo wamtengo.	Muyenera kulipira ma komisheni kwa ma broker kuti apange malonda osinthira.
Pali kuwonjezeka kwa kukhazikika kwa ndalama zomwe amapeza paulendo wautali.	Inshuwaransi nthawi zonse imakhala ndi phindu. Makamaka pamene mtanda hedging ndi osiyana pansi katundu.
Palibe zovuta zazikulu. Mbiriyi imakhala yolimbana ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa mawu.	Mutha kutayika kwambiri pakachitika zoletsa zosinthana. Mwachitsanzo, pakuchita malonda m’malire ndi mwayi kapena ndalama zochepa.
Njira zopangira hedging zimagwira ntchito pamsika wosinthanitsa ndi malonda a crypto.	Pali kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero chonse cha zochitika. Malo aliwonse otseguka amayenera kuyang’aniridwa. Apo ayi, mukhoza kuphonya mphindi yabwino yotuluka.
Zochita zonse ndizotetezedwa.	Kuti mupeze zida zambiri, muyenera kukhala ndi Investor oyenerera.

Hedging ndi ntchito yovuta yochepetsera zoopsa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri otenga nawo gawo pamsika. Choncho, musanapange malonda otere, mvetsetsani mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito chotengera chilichonse. Izi sizidzangopulumutsa ndalama zokha, komanso kusiyanitsa ndalama zamtsogolo.