Niki gukingira ibyago mumagambo yoroshye, ibikoresho nuburyo

Hariho uburyo bwinshi abashoramari n’abacuruzi bashobora gufasha kugabanya ingaruka. Kimwe muri ibyo ni uruzitiro.

Ni ubuhe butumwa bwo gukingira, ni ubuhe kandi bukora bute ku rugero nyarwo

Hedging nigipimo cyo kugabanya ingaruka zituruka kumasoko yimari. Mubyukuri, ukora ubucuruzi bwinyuma kugirango wishyure igihombo gishoboka kumwanya wafunguwe mbere.
Urugero:
Reka tuvuge ko ufite umugabane wa Gazprom. Kubera gukosorwa gushoboka kubiciro bya gaze na geopolitike, ufite ubwoba ko ibiciro byimigabane bizagabanuka. Muri iki gihe, urashobora kwitabaza uruzitiro. Nukuvuga, fungura umwanya kugwa kwimigabane. Niba ibi bitabaye, uzabura bike. Gusa agace gato k’umurwa mukuru, washyizwe kugwa. Ariko niba impapuro za Gazprom zisenyutse, noneho uzabona inyungu kumasezerano magufi. Bizatanga igihombo kumwanya wafunguwe mbere.
Ninde Ukoresha Ingamba zo Kurinda:

1. Amafaranga ya Hedge . Bacunga ubuhanga gucunga imari yabandi kandi bagakoresha ingamba zitandukanye zijyanye no kugabanya ingaruka zamasoko.
2. Abatumiza mu mahanga n’abinjira mu mahanga . Ibigo nkibi byishingira ingaruka zijyanye no guhagarika urunigi rutangwa cyangwa impinduka zivunjisha.
3. Abacuruzi . Abashishoza bafungura imyanya ihinduranya igikoresho kimwe. Intego ni ukugabanya ibyago byo guhindagurika mubucuruzi.
4. Abashoramari benshi . Bishingira portfolio ingaruka zigihugu, ifaranga ninganda.

Hedge ntabwo iboneka kubakinnyi bakomeye gusa. Ikoreshwa kandi nabashoramari bato bigenga bafite igishoro gito.

Kuki ukeneye gukingira ibyago mumagambo yoroshye

Igikoresho cyumutekano gikoreshwa mubikorwa bikurikira:

1. Kurinda umwanya muremure mugihe bishoboka kugwa mumitungo. Urashobora gufungura ubucuruzi bugufi kumutekano umwe. Niba uhinduye igiciro, ntacyo uzahomba.
2. Ubwishingizi kubucuruzi bugufi mugihe hiyongereyeho igiciro cyumutungo. Kugirango ukore ibi, ugomba gufungura umwanya muremure ku gikoresho kimwe. Ibi bizishingira guhindagurika.
3. Inzitizi irwanya impinduka zivunjisha. Kurinda impanuka z’amafaranga ni inzira yo kurinda imari yawe mugihe habaye ihindagurika ry’ivunjisha.
4. Kugabanya ingaruka zikorwa zihariye zubucuruzi. Kurugero, uruzitiro rukoreshwa mugihe habaye ukurenga kumatariki yatanzwe.
5. Kurandura gushidikanya. Niba udafite gahunda isobanutse kubizaba ku isoko mugihe cya vuba, noneho urashobora kwitabaza uruzitiro. Gura ibikoresho bihindagurika kandi wishingire igishoro kurwanya impinduka zishoboka mugiciro.

Ubwoko bwo gukingira ku kuvunja, mu bucuruzi ntabwo ari ku kuvunja

Hariho ibyiciro byinshi byuruzitiro. Byose biterwa ninsanganyamatsiko. Reka dusuzume ibyingenzi. Ubwoko bwibikoresho:

1. Guhana – amasezerano yateguwe ku kuvunja. Ibikoresho bizwi cyane byo gukingira ni amahitamo nigihe kizaza. Bafasha kwishingira ingaruka zamafaranga. Igice cya gatatu mubikorwa ni inzu isiba. Ashinzwe kubahiriza no gutanga amasezerano.
2. OTC – amasezerano yasinywe hanze yivunjisha. Umuguzi nugurisha barashobora gukora transaction muburyo butaziguye cyangwa barimo undi muntu. Ibikoresho nyamukuru byo gukingira ni imbere no guhinduranya. Ibicuruzwa ni inshuro imwe. Ntibishobora kugurishwa kubandi bantu. Uruzitiro rwa OTC rusanzwe rukoreshwa mukugabanya ingaruka zubucuruzi.

Ingano yingaruka zubwishingizi:

• uruzitiro rwuzuye – ubunini bwibikorwa byinyuma bingana nubunini bwumwanya wambere ufunguye;
• uruzitiro rwigice – ingano yubucuruzi bugereranije nubunini bwumwanya wafunguwe mbere.

Ubwoko bwa mugenzi wawe:

• Uruzitiro rw’abaguzi . Umushoramari yishingira ingaruka zijyanye no kuzamuka kw’ibiciro cyangwa kwangirika mu masezerano y’amasezerano.
• Uruzitiro rw’umugurisha . Muri iki gihe, ibyago byishingiwe kugabanuka kugabanuka kw’ibiciro cyangwa kwangirika nkuko amasezerano abiteganya.

Mugihe cyo gucuruza:

• Uruzitiro rwa kera . Ubwa mbere, bashushanya amasezerano nyamukuru, hanyuma amasezerano yubwishingizi.
• Uruzitiro rwo hejuru . Ibintu byose bibaho ukundi. Ubwa mbere, bakora amasezerano yubwishingizi, hanyuma nyamukuru.

Ubwoko bw’umutungo wihishe:

• uruzitiro rwiza – umutungo wibanze mubucuruzi bukuru kandi busubira inyuma ni kimwe;
• umusaraba – umwanya wingenzi ufite ubwishingizi nundi mutungo wihishe.

Ubwoko bw’amasezerano yo gukingira:

• uruhande rumwe – igihombo cyamafaranga ninjiza bitwarwa kuruhande rumwe gusa;
• byombi – kugabana inyungu nibisohoka bigwa kumpande zombi.

Ibikoresho byo gukingira

Ibikoresho nyamukuru byo guhanahana uruzitiro ni:

1. Umwanya muto . Muri ibi bihe, uguza inguzanyo, ukagurisha, hanyuma ukagura ku giciro cyo hasi. Itandukaniro hagati yo kugurisha no kugura igiciro ninyungu izakorwa kumasoko yo hasi. Ubucuruzi nkubwo bwitwa margin margin. Ucuruza mububiko watijwe. Broker azafata komisiyo yo gukoresha impapuro zagaciro. Irashobora kandi gufunga ku gahato ubucuruzi ku gipimo kibi kuri wewe niba umwanya udafite umutekano.
2. Ihitamo . Aya ni amasezerano umuguzi ashobora kugurisha umutungo ku gipimo cyagenwe. Kandi ntacyo bitwaye igiciro kizaba mugihe cyo kugurisha. Niba witeze kugabanuka kumitungo yatanzwe, noneho gura amahitamo. Rero, ukosora igiciro cyimpapuro. Mugihe kizaza, niba imigabane isenyutse, noneho urashobora kugurisha umutungo kubiciro byumwimerere. Niba amagambo ataguye, noneho ufite uburenganzira bwo kutagurisha umutungo.
3. Kazoza . Aya ni amasezerano yo kugurisha umutungo kumunsi runaka ku gipimo cyagenwe. Niba utekereza ko impapuro zizabahendutse, noneho ugurisha amasezerano yigihe kizaza. Ku munsi wagenwe w’amasezerano, undi muburanyi agomba gutegekwa kugura umutungo ku giciro cyagenwe.
4. Swap . Mu rwego rwo kugurisha imbere, ababuranyi bahana ubwishyu mugihe runaka. Uruzitiro nk’urwo rusanzwe rwifashishwa n’abashinzwe ikigega. Kurugero, isosiyete ya FinEx mugihe ucunga amafaranga ya ETF.
5. ETF zinyuranye . Amafaranga nkaya yagenewe kwerekana ibipimo bakurikiza. Niba indangagaciro nyamukuru iguye, noneho zirazamuka. ETF zinyuranye zitanga iterambere muri 1x, 2x, nibindi. Ni ukuvuga, gucuruza hamwe nimbaraga zirahari.

Ni ngombwa! Ibikoresho byo gukumira ibyago byavuzwe hejuru kubashoramari babishoboye gusa.

Mumasoko arenga kuri konti, imbere ikoreshwa mugukingira. Aya masezerano akubiyemo gutanga umutungo wimbere. Ingingo zamasezerano yimbere zishyirwaho nababuranyi ubwabo.
Guhana hamwe nibikoresho byo gukingira OTC [/ caption]

Urugero

Umubare w’amadolari y’Amerika na zahabu bifite aho bihurira. Niba umushoramari afite zahabu mu nshingano ze, kandi akaba afite ubwoba bwo kugabanuka kw’igiciro cy’umutungo, noneho arashobora gukumira ingaruka binyuze mu masezerano y’ejo hazaza ku cyerekezo cy’amadolari y’Amerika. Ubu bwoko bwo gukingira bwitwa umusaraba.
Nkuko mubibona ku mbonerahamwe, ejo hazaza ku gipimo cy’amadolari y’Amerika cyazamutse mu mwaka. Ibi byatumye bishoboka kugarura igihombo kinini cyatewe no gucika intege kwa zahabu. Umwaka ushize, igipimo cy’amadolari y’Amerika cyazamutseho 6.34%, zahabu yagabanutseho 7,76%.

Amakosa mugihe ukoresheje uruzitiro

Iyo gukingira ingaruka, abashoramari badafite uburambe nabacuruzi rimwe na rimwe bakora amakosa. Nkigisubizo, biganisha ku gutakaza igice cyumurwa mukuru. Amakosa akunze kugaragara ni:

• umutungo wibanze watoranijwe nabi mugihe cyuruzitiro;
• ibintu bitari byo byubucuruzi byashyizweho;
• igikoresho cyo gucuruza nabi cyo gukingira cyatoranijwe;
• nta ngwate yo gucuruza hamwe nimbaraga;
• ingano ya konte-transaction ibarwa nabi.

Ibyiza n’ibibi

Ibyiza	Inenge
Ingamba zo gukingira zifasha kugabanya igabanuka ryigiciro cyumutungo.	Ugomba kwishyura komisiyo kubakoresha kugirango bakore ubucuruzi butandukanye.
Hariho kwiyongera mumutekano winjiza portfolio intera ndende.	Ubwishingizi ntabwo buri gihe butanga umusaruro. Cyane cyane iyo kwambukiranya imitungo itandukanye.
Hano ntakibazo gikomeye. Inshingano zirwanya ihindagurika rikabije muri cote.	Urashobora guhura nigihombo gikomeye mugihe cyo guhanahana amakuru. Kurugero, mugihe cyo gucuruza margin hamwe nimbaraga nke.
Ingamba zo gukingira zirakoreshwa ku isoko ryo kuvunja no mu bucuruzi bwa crypto.	Hariho kwiyongera k’umubare rusange wubucuruzi. Umwanya wose ufunguye ugomba gukurikiranwa. Bitabaye ibyo, urashobora kubura umwanya mwiza wo gusohoka.
Ibicuruzwa byose bifite umutekano.	Kugirango ugere ku bikoresho byinshi, ukeneye imiterere yumushoramari wujuje ibyangombwa.

Hedging nigikorwa kitoroshye cyo kugabanya ingaruka ukoresheje ibikoresho byihariye. Bakoreshwa gusa nabitabiriye isoko ryumwuga. Kubwibyo, mbere yo gukora ibikorwa nkibi, sobanukirwa ihame ryimikorere ya buri nkomoko. Ibi ntibizigama igishoro gusa, ahubwo bizanatandukanya ishoramari ryigihe kizaza.