Iyini inkontileka yesikhathi esizayo nokuthi isebenza kanjani, izinzuzo nezingozi zokuhweba ngekusasa

Inkontileka yesikhathi esizayo isetshenziselwa ukwenza imisebenzi yokuthengwa nokudayiswa kwempahla noma impahla esikhathini esizayo esihleliwe ngentengo engashintshi. Lesi sibopho siwukuthi lesi sibambiso sihluka kanjani entweni enikeza ilungelo lokuthenga noma lokuthengisa, kodwa elingaphoqwanga ukwenza kanjalo. Ikusasa libophezela bobabili abathintekayo emsebenzini ukuthi bafeze izibopho zabo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukushintshaniswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ngesikhathi sokuhweba okunjalo akwenziwa.

Liyini ikusasa nokuthi kungani lisetshenziswa emakethe yokutshala imali

Izinkontileka zekusasa zisetshenziselwa ukusungula intengo yemakethe yangempela yethuluzi elithile. Banevelu ethile esetshenzisiwe kubatshalizimali:

1. Okwenziwayo okuqagelayo , okuvumela ukukhipha izinzuzo zezinto ezibonakalayo.
2. Umshuwalense wengozi ngokusebenzisa i-hedging , okuthakazelisayo kubahlinzeki nabathengi bezimpahla.

Amakusasa asetshenziswa ezimakethe zezimpahla nezimpahla, abonakala ngemingcele esemqoka:

1. Isikhathi sokwenza, okuyidethi okuhlelwa ngayo umsebenzi.
2. Isihloko somsebenzi, ikakhulukazi, izinto zokusetshenziswa, izibambiso noma izimpahla, uhlobo lwemali.
3. Ukushintshana lapho okwenziwa khona umsebenzi.
4. Quote amayunithi.
5. Usayizi wemajini.

Inkontileka yesikhathi esizayo iyithuluzi eliyingozi, kodwa futhi eliwuketshezi ngokwedlulele elingazinzile kakhulu. Umthengi uzibophezela ukwamukela umkhiqizo, okwamanje, ongalungiselelwe ukudayiswa. Kodwa-ke, lapho isikhathi esibekiwe siphela, akekho ongamphoqa ukuthi athenge izimpahla ezikhonjiswe kusibambiso, ngoba azikho ukudiliva kwangempela. Ikusasa liyadingeka ukuze kulungiswe intengo yokuthile, futhi lapho ephelelwa yisikhathi, esinye sezimo ezintathu singasetshenziswa:

1. Ukugcina ibhalansi yezinhlangothi zombili zenkontileka.
2. Ukugcwaliswa kwebhalansi A kanye nokuncipha kwebhalansi B.
3. Ukugcwaliswa kabusha kwebhalansi ka-B ngokumelene nesizinda sokuncipha kwebhalansi ka-A.

Uma kukhona ukugcwaliswa kwe-akhawunti yomthengi ngokumelene nesizinda sokwehliswa kwe-akhawunti yomthengisi, inani lethuluzi liyakhuphuka. Okusho ukuthi, umtshali-zimali A uzokwazi ukuthenga umkhiqizo ngentengo ephansi futhi awuthengise futhi ngentengo ephezulu, ngaleyo ndlela akhiphe inzuzo yezinto ezibonakalayo. Eqinisweni, ukushintshaniswa kusindisa abahlanganyeli bemakethe ekwenzeni imisebenzi edingekayo, izindawo zokuhlala, ngokushesha ukunikeza iqembu lokuthengiselana umehluko wemali yangempela. Uma intengo ingashintshile, khona-ke ibhalansi ihlala ifana. Isimo sesithathu sibonakala uma intengo yezimpahla iwa, okwakuyinzuzo ekuqaleni kumthengisi. Manje usungathengisa izimpahla ngemibandela evumayo, intengo yamanje yemakethe engaphansi kwaleyo ebhaliswe koxhumene naye. Uma besikhuluma ngomkhiqizo wangempela, khona-ke umdayisi angawuthenga ngenani lemakethe futhi awuthengise ngentengo eshiwo esikhathini esizayo. Exchange, kulesi simo, ikhulula izinhlangothi esidingweni sokuthutha izimpahla zangempela, kodwa imane yenza izibalo ezidingekayo futhi igcwalise i-akhawunti yomthengisi ngenani elithile, okuwumehluko phakathi kwenani lemakethe kanye nenani elishiwo kunkontileka. Uma omunye wamaqembu enqaba ikusasa ngaphambi komzuzu wokukhishwa kwayo, khona-ke ngemva kokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwemigomo ebekwe kunkontileka, inani elikhonjiswe kudokhumenti kanye nentengo yemakethe yezimpahla kuqhathaniswa. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11873” align = “aligncenter” wide = “613”] khona-ke ngemva kokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwemigomo eshiwo kwinkontileka, ukuqhathaniswa kwenani elikhonjiswe kudokhumenti kanye nentengo yemakethe yezimpahla kwenzeka. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11873” align = “aligncenter” wide = “613”] khona-ke ngemva kokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwemigomo eshiwo kwinkontileka, ukuqhathaniswa kwenani elikhonjiswe kudokhumenti kanye nentengo yemakethe yezimpahla kwenzeka. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11873” align = “aligncenter” wide = “613”]
Isebenza kanjani inkontileka yesikhathi esizayo – isibonelo esisebenzayo sokubala

Umehluko phakathi kwekusasa nezinketho

Izinkontileka zekusasa nezinketho ziyehluka ezibophweni zamaqembu. Lokhu kuzibonakalisa ngesikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11885” align = “aligncenter” wide = “391”]
Idethi yokuphelelwa yisikhathi[/caption] Endabeni yekusasa, abathengi kudingeka baphothule umsebenzi ohleliwe, futhi lapho uthenga inketho, kuthathwa izinyathelo ezengeziwe ngokubona komtshali-zimali. Isibonelo, inkontileka iphothulwa ngokunikezwa kwamasheya, umnikazi wayo ofuna ukuwathengisa esikhathini esizayo ngentengo ethile. Uma ethola umthengi, bese bephetha isivumelwano, futhi umdayisi uthola imali ngokushesha, futhi ukulethwa kuzokwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Uma sikhuluma ngezinkontileka zokukhetha, isibonelo, uhlobo lwenketho yocingo, khona-ke umthengi uzwakalisa isifiso sokuthenga izibambiso, kodwa okwamanje akanalo inani elidingekayo kulokhu. Umthengisi uyavuma, esimweni esinjalo, ukubhala inketho enikeza ilungelo lokuthenga amasheya ngesikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Uma ngalesi sikhathi umthengi engathathi isinqumo sokuthenga, khona-ke inketho ayisetshenziswanga. Kodwa-ke, umthengisi kuzodingeka ukuthi athengise izibambiso uma umthengi efuna ukusebenzisa inketho, okwenzeka lapho inani lemakethe lamasheya lishintshe kakhulu kusukela kungene inkontileka. Kulesi simo, umsebenzi wenziwa ngentengo yesiteleka. Lo mehluko phakathi kwezinketho nekusasa uyacaciswa uma abatshalizimali bebhekene nezinkontileka ezilethwa. Esimeni sezinkontileka zokukhokhelana, umkhawulo wokuhluka unqunywa nsuku zonke futhi umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwezinketho nekusasa awusazwakala. Kulesi simo, umdayisi ngeke akhokhelwe inani lemakethe lapho umsebenzi usuqediwe. Nokho, ukushintshana kuzokwazi ukugcina isibambiso esithile ngokumelene nezibopho ezicatshangwa amaqembu. lapho inani lemakethe lamasheya lishintshe kakhulu kusukela ekupheleni kwenkontileka. Kulesi simo, umsebenzi wenziwa ngentengo yesiteleka. Lo mehluko phakathi kwezinketho nekusasa uyacaciswa uma abatshalizimali bebhekene nezinkontileka ezilethwa. Esimeni sezinkontileka zokukhokhelana, umkhawulo wokuhluka unqunywa nsuku zonke futhi umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwezinketho nekusasa awusazwakala. Kulesi simo, umdayisi ngeke akhokhelwe inani lemakethe lapho umsebenzi usuqediwe. Nokho, ukushintshana kuzokwazi ukugcina isibambiso esithile ngokumelene nezibopho ezicatshangwa amaqembu. lapho inani lemakethe lamasheya lishintshe kakhulu kusukela ekupheleni kwenkontileka. Kulesi simo, umsebenzi wenziwa ngentengo yesiteleka. Lo mehluko phakathi kwezinketho nekusasa uyacaciswa uma abatshalizimali bebhekene nezinkontileka ezilethwa. Esimeni sezinkontileka zokukhokhelana, umkhawulo wokuhluka unqunywa nsuku zonke futhi umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwezinketho nekusasa awusazwakala. Kulesi simo, umdayisi ngeke akhokhelwe inani lemakethe lapho umsebenzi usuqediwe. Nokho, ukushintshana kuzokwazi ukugcina isibambiso esithile ngokumelene nezibopho ezicatshangwa amaqembu. Esimeni sezinkontileka zokukhokhelana, umkhawulo wokuhluka unqunywa nsuku zonke futhi umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwezinketho nekusasa awusazwakala. Kulesi simo, umdayisi ngeke akhokhelwe inani lemakethe lapho umsebenzi usuqediwe. Nokho, ukushintshana kuzokwazi ukugcina isibambiso esithile ngokumelene nezibopho ezicatshangwa amaqembu. Esimeni sezinkontileka zokukhokhelana, umkhawulo wokuhluka unqunywa nsuku zonke futhi umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwezinketho nekusasa awusazwakala. Kulesi simo, umdayisi ngeke akhokhelwe inani lemakethe lapho umsebenzi usuqediwe. Nokho, ukushintshana kuzokwazi ukugcina isibambiso esithile ngokumelene nezibopho ezicatshangwa amaqembu.
Ukusula kwenziwa nsuku zonke, ngaphakathi kohlaka lapho izinkokhelo ezifanayo ze-variation margin zenzeka kuze kuphele isikhathi. Esimeni esinjalo, ukusebenzisa inketho kuba kungenasidingo kwezomnotho, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukuletha impahla ngentengo eyayifanelekile ngesikhathi sokuphela kwenkontileka. Ngokubaluleka kwenketho, ngokuthuthukiswa okunjalo kwezenzakalo, kukhona njalo i-premium yesikhashana elahlekile ngokuqala kokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Ukusebenzisa inketho ngeke kuthinte ibhalansi ye-akhawunti, futhi inketho izothathelwa indawo ikusasa kutheminali. Ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kwekusasa – kwenzekani ngesikhundla: https://youtu.be/QQjRRxXZP3Y

Umehluko phakathi kwezinkontileka zesikhathi esizayo nezangaphambili

Kuphinde kube nomehluko phakathi kwezinkontileka zangaphambili nezakusasa abatshalizimali abangena kuzo. Ukudlulisela phambili umsebenzi wesikhathi esisodwa owenziwe ngaphandle kokuhwebelana futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi ukuthengwa kwempahla, izibambiso noma uhlobo lwemali kuzokwenzeka esikhathini esizayo. Amaqembu axoxa ngezimo eziyinhloko kusenesikhathi:

• intengo;
• imigomo;
• izimo ezengeziwe.

Kulokhu, ukuthengiselana kwenziwa ngezimpahla zangempela, hhayi njengekusasa, lapho singakhulumi ngokudluliswa kwezimpahla.

Okuya phambili kuklanyelwe ukuvikela ababambiqhaza ekuhwebeni ngokumelene nokuguquguquka kwentengo okungenzeka kwenzeke ngokuzayo. Azikho izindinganiso eziqinile lapho uphetha inkontileka, ngakho-ke, ukuthengiselana okunjalo akukwazi ukwenziwa ekuhwebeni.

[i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11877″ align=”aligncenter” width=”653″]
Izinkontileka eziya phambili nezakusasa[/caption] Izinkontileka zokuya phambili nezakusasa ziyahluka kwezinye ezicini ezilandelayo:

• imigomo – oya phambili uzophothulwa ngokudayiswa noma ukuthengwa kwezimpahla zangempela, okusho ukucatshangelwa kwazo zonke izimo ezizuzisa izinhlangothi zombili. Esimeni sesibili, izinkontileka zesikhathi esizayo zivikela izikhundla zazo noma ziyazuza ekwehlukeni kwamanani. Ikusasa kuphela ku-5% wamacala aholela abathintekayo ekuhwebeni kwezimpahla zangempela noma amathuluzi ezezimali;
• umthamo wempahla – lapho uphetha inkontileka yangaphambili, abahlanganyeli ekwenziweni babala ngokuzimela umthamo odingekayo, becabangela izidingo zabo. Endabeni yekusasa, amanani anqunywa ukushintshaniswa, futhi abahlanganyeli bemakethe banelungelo lokuqalisa inombolo ethile yezinkontileka;
• ikhwalithi yezinsimbi – phambili kunikeza ithuba lokusebenzisa izimpahla zanoma iyiphi ikhwalithi, kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izicelo ezivela kumthengi. Uma kuziwa esikhathini esizayo, ikhwalithi yamathuluzi inqunywa ukucaciswa kokushintshisana;
• ukulethwa kwezimpahla – lapho kusayinwa phambili, izimpahla zilethwa njalo, futhi lapho kuphetha ukulethwa kwekusasa kwenziwa ngendlela esungulwe ukushintshana, kodwa ezimweni eziningi akufiki kulokhu nhlobo;
• imigomo – imigomo yokulethwa lapho usayinda ukudlulisela phambili inqunywa amaqembu okwenziwayo. Imigomo yezinkontileka zesikhathi esizayo inqunywa ukushintshaniswa;
• i- liquidity – inkontileka eya phambili ibonakala nge-liquidity elinganiselwe, njengoba imigomo yesiphetho sayo yamukelekile kumbuthano othile wamaphathi okwaphothulwa phakathi kwawo. Amakusasa angamathuluzi awuketshezi kakhulu, nokho, izinga lale nkomba lincike kwikhwalithi yempahla eyisisekelo.

[i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11876” align = “aligncenter” wide = “456”]
ikusasa nezinketho [/ amazwibela] Ukuba sengozini komsebenzi lapho usayina oya phambili kuphezulu kakhulu, njengoba kunethuba lokuthi uzakwethu ngeke afeze izibopho zakhe. Kunzima kakhulu ukuthengisa kabusha inkontileka enjalo, ngoba izimo zayo zakhiwe kucatshangelwa izintandokazi zendilinga ewumngcingo yabantu. Umdluliseli ngeke akhanselwe uma elinye iqembu lingakuvumeli lokhu. Ngokuqondene nezingozi ezihlobene nekusasa, zihlaziywa ngokuningiliziwe yindlu yokuhlanza ngaphambi kokuphothulwa komsebenzi, ngenxa yokuthi okuphuma kuyo kubonakala ngezinga eliphezulu lokwethembeka. Ukusetshenziswa kokudlulisela phambili akuhlobene nokwenza iminikelo yokuqala njengezibopho zesiqinisekiso. Ngokuqondene nekusasa, kuleli cala akuvamile kakhulu ukwenza ngaphandle kwawo. Inqubo yokuphothula umsebenzi lapho udweba inkontileka yokudlulisela phambili ayilawulwa yinoma ubani,

Amasu okuhweba amakusasa

Ukuze bahwebe ngekusasa, abahwebi basebenzisa amasu amaningana adumile:

• ishejuli yokushintshisana yenkontileka iqhathaniswa nenyanga ezayo lapho ukulethwa kuhlelelwe khona kanye nesikhathi sokubika esisilandelayo;
• ukuqhathanisa kwenziwa phakathi kwentengo yendawo yesheya nenkontileka yesikhathi esizayo, uma inani layo liphakeme, khona-ke sikhuluma nge- contango , ebhekwa njengeprimiyamu ehlobene nenani lempahla. Uma isimo sihlehliswa emakethe, khona-ke kuthiwa ukubuyisela emuva , okubhekwa njengesaphulelo ngokuphathelene nezindleko eziyisisekelo. Kumehluko wezinga lokushintshisana ovela kulesi simo lapho abahwebi abahola khona;
• ukutadisha ishadi lesikhathi esizayo kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe, izinkomba, izici ezibalulekile ezingathinta intengo yenkontileka.

Ukuhweba ngamaleveli okusekela:
Isu lokuhweba “Arbitrage” libandakanya ukuthengiselana ngezinkomba ezahlukene. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uzuze kumehluko phakathi kwamanani okuthenga nokuthengisa. Inqubo yenziwa ngokuhwebelana okuhlukene noma endaweni efanayo. Ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa indlela yokulamula yesikhashana, lapho kwenziwa izinkontileka ngokushintshana okufanayo, kodwa ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-Arbitration:

• okwesikhashana;
• indawo;
• ikhalenda.

[i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11884″ align=”aligncenter” width=”820″]
Ukuzuza ngaphandle kwamathrendi nezinkomba: i-future arbitrage[/caption] Abahwebi bangavula izikhundla ezimfushane nezinde lapho behweba izinkontileka zesikhathi esizayo. Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukuthengwa kwenkontileka yokuhlinzekwa kwempahla ethile futhi, uma kwenzeka kukhuphuka inani lekusasa, ukuyithengisa nangaphambi kokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwenkontileka. Ukusebenza ngezikhundla ezimfushane kungukuthengisa ikusasa uma kwenzeka kuba nentuthuko engathandeki. Uma isimo siba ngcono kamuva, uyayithenga inkontileka emuva, kodwa ngezindleko eziphansi, ehola ngokuhluka kwentengo. Ikusasa lizohamba livunyelaniswe nempahla eyisisekelo, nokho, kunomehluko othile phakathi kwawo, aleveli njengoba kusondela ukuphela kwesikhathi. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11880″ align=”
Ukuvula isikhundla kwinkontileka yesikhathi esizayo[/caption] Ukusabalala kwekusasa wukuvulwa kanyekanye kwezikhundla ezifushane nezinde, isibonelo, ukuthenga nokuthengisa impahla efanayo eyisisekelo. Zizohluka ngezinsuku zokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Uma umhwebi evula isikhundla eside, khona-ke sikhuluma ngokusabalala kwe-bullish. Izikhundla ezimfushane zisetshenziswa emakethe yebhere maqondana nezinkontileka eziseduze. Uma isu lisetshenziswa ngokuhlobene nezimpahla ezahlukahlukene, lapho-ke sikhuluma ngokusabalala kwe-intercommodity. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11883″ align=”aligncenter” width=”640″]
Ikusasa lokuhweba kusetshenziswa isu lokusabalalisa ukushintshaniswa[/caption] Ayini ikusasa kanye nendlela yokuhweba ezimakethe eziphuma kokunye ze-Moscow Exchange – amasu okuhweba ngezinkontileka zesikhathi esizayo: https://youtu.be/ZDg14Rya6LI

Izinzuzo nobubi bokuhweba kwekusasa

Kunezinzuzo ezimbalwa zokuhweba kwesikhathi esizayo:

• azikho izindleko ezengeziwe kanye nezimali ezifihliwe;
• kukhona ukufinyelela echibini lekusasa eliphelelwa yisikhathi unyaka;
• izinga eliphezulu lemali yempahla, ukuntengantenga kanye nokuhweba okuguquguqukayo.

Ububi bezinkontileka zesikhathi esizayo zokuhweba:

• akufanelekile ukuhweba isikhathi eside, njengoba kusebenza isikhathi esithile;
• lapho kuphelelwa yisikhathi, amadili avalwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, kucatshangelwa intengo yemakethe yamanje kanye nama-oda alindile ayasuswa;
• awukwazi ukudlulisela ukuhweba okuvulekile kwinkontileka ephelelwa yisikhathi ngenyanga ezayo.

Kala zonke izinzuzo nezingozi ngaphambi kokuhweba ngalawa mathuluzi ayingozi kakhulu.

Izinhlobo zezinkontileka zesikhathi esizayo

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinkontileka zesikhathi esizayo:

1. Ukulethwa.
2. Settlement – ngaphandle ukudiliva.

Ikusasa elilethwayo libophezela umthengi nomthengisi ukuthi empeleni badayise izimpahla futhi bazikhokhele ngaphakathi kwemigomo eshiwo kunkontileka. Ukuxazululwa phakathi kwabo kwenziwa ngentengo eyamiswa ngosuku lokugcina lokuhweba. Uma, ngosuku olunqunyiwe, umdayisi akakwazanga ukuhlinzeka umthengi ngezimpahla, khona-ke ukushintshaniswa kubeka izinhlawulo kuye.
Kulinganiselweikusasa alihlangene nhlobo nokunikezwa kwangempela kwemikhiqizo. Kucatshangwa ukuthi enye yezinhlangano izokhokhela enye ingxenye kumsebenzi umehluko phakathi kwevelu yempahla ngesikhathi sokuthenga kanye nenani langempela lomkhiqizo ngesikhathi sokuphela kwenkontileka. Ukuxazulula phakathi kwama-counterparties kwenziwa ngemali, futhi ukulethwa kwempahla ngokomzimba akuhlinzekiwe. Ukuthengiselana okunjalo kwenzelwa ukubiyela noma ukukhohlisa okuqagelayo. I-Hedging ikuvumela ukuthi ulinganise ukulahlekelwa okungenzeka okutholiwe lapho uphetha inkontileka kwenye imakethe.

Intengo yenkontileka ye-Futures – contango kanye nokubuyisela emuva

Inkontileka yesikhathi esizayo ihlukaniswa njengempahla yokushintshisana eyodwa, enenani elihlukile kunentengo yempahla. Le nkomba ingase ithintwe izibikezelo nobungozi obubangelwa ushintsho okungenzeka lube khona esihlokweni sezivumelwano okufinyelelwe kuzo ngaphambilini. Intengo yempahla emakethe kanye nentengo yesikhathi esizayo yale mpahla ingaba nesilinganiso esibi noma esihle.

Uma inkontileka ibiza kakhulu kunempahla, lesi sifundazwe sibizwa nge-contango. Esimeni lapho isimo sihlehliswa, sikhuluma ngokuhlehla.

Kulesi simo, iningi labatshalizimali lithemba ukuthi intengo yempahla ekuhwebeni izokwehla kakhulu maduze. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11886” align = “aligncenter” wide = “800”]
I-Contango nokubuyisela emuva eshadini[/caption] Inani lekusasa inani lemakethe lamanje lenkontileka enedethi ethile yokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Intengo efanelekile ichazwa njengezindleko zokuthola impahla ezolethwa ngokushesha bese igcinwa, ngokusetshenziswa, ngokwenza inzuzo, ukuthengisa noma ukusetshenziswa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngentengo efanelekile, kunenzuzo kumhwebi ukuthi athenge inkontileka yempahla enosuku oluthile lokuvuthwa. Umehluko phakathi kwentengo ehambisanayo neyamanje ubizwa ngokuthi isisekelo senkontileka, esisezifundeni ezimbili ngokuhlobene nenani lendawo yempahla. [id-caption id=”attachment_11887″ align=”aligncenter” width=”855″]
Yini ethinta inani lenkontileka yesikhathi esizayo[/caption]

Umshwalense

Ukuhweba kwenziwa ngaphansi kokuhlinzekwa kokuthengiselana, ngediphozithi, inani layo elingu-2 – 10% yenani lentengo yempahla yenkontileka. Lona umshwalense odingwa ukushintshaniswa kwezinhlangothi zombili ezingena kwinkontileka. Inani elibekiwe livinjiwe kuma-akhawunti, okwenza uhlobo lwesibambiso. Uma intengo yekusasa ikhuphuka, khona-ke umkhawulo womdayisi uyakhula, futhi uma wehla, uyancipha. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi ugweme inqubo yokukhokha lapho uphetha inkontileka. Uma ikusasa libanjwa lize livalwe, abathintekayo bafeza izibopho zabo ngokuletha izimpahla noma ukudlulisa ukheshi. Lapho omunye wabahlanganyeli engafuni ukufeza izibopho zakhe, ukushintshaniswa kuyamenzela, azishiye inani elithile kusukela kusiqinisekiso. Lolu hlelo lusebenza kuphela ezinkontilekeni ezihlinzekela ukulethwa kwempahla.

Amadethi okuphelelwa yisikhathi

Kunezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuphela kwenkontileka. Isibonelo, kunkomba yedola, amasheya, amathuluzi ezezimali, idethi yokuphelelwa yisikhathi injalo ngekota ngoLwesihlanu lwesithathu lwenyanga yokugcina yekota. Kukhona ikusasa eliphuma nyanga zonke, ikakhulukazi i-CME Crude Oil. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinkontileka zingaphela ngezinye izinsuku. Ukuze uhwebe ngekusasa ngendlela ekhiqizayo, kufanele ukhumbule usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwenkontileka. Uma kukhona ukwehla okungalindelekile kwevolumu ngemva kokuphela kosuku olulandelayo lokuhweba, khona-ke isikhathi silungile, futhi abadayisi abaningi baqala ukuvala ukuthengiselana ngaphambi kokuqedwa kwenkontileka. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11871” align = “aligncenter” wide = “498”]
Ukwakheka kwenkontileka yesikhathi esizayo[/caption] Inkontileka yesikhathi esizayo ngayinye inedethi yokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Hlola imininingwane yenkontileka yezinsuku zokuphela kwenkontileka yakho. Ngokuvamile kuba nokwehla okukhulu kwevolumu njengoba inkontileka yesikhathi esizayo ifika phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bonke abadayisi besikhathi esifushane bavala izikhundla zabo futhi abantu nezinkampani kuphela ezifuna ukuthenga noma ukuthengisa umkhiqizo oyisisekelo baqhubeka nokuhweba futhi babambe izikhundla zabo kuze kufike usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Abadayisi besikhathi esifushane abangeni ezinkontileka zesikhathi esizayo ngaphambi kokuphelelwa yisikhathi, bamane benze noma balahlekelwe imali ngokusekelwe ekuguquguqukeni kwentengo okwenzeka ngemva kokuthenga noma ukufinyeza inkontileka.