Amasezerano yigihe kizaza niki akora, ibyiza nibibi byo gucuruza ejo hazaza

Amasezerano yigihe kizaza akoreshwa mugukora ibicuruzwa byo kugura no kugurisha ibicuruzwa cyangwa umutungo mugihe giteganijwe mugihe giteganijwe. Inshingano nuburyo uyu mutekano utandukanye nuburyo butanga uburenganzira bwo kugura cyangwa kugurisha, ariko ntiguhatirwa kubikora. Kazoza gategeka impande zombi mubikorwa kugirango zuzuze inshingano zazo. Muri icyo gihe, guhanahana ibintu mu gihe cyibikorwa byubucuruzi ntibikorwa.

Ibihe bizaza nimpamvu bikoreshwa mumasoko yishoramari

Amasezerano yigihe kizaza akoreshwa mugushiraho igiciro nyacyo cyigikoresho runaka. Bafite agaciro gakoreshwa kubashoramari:

1. Ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe , byemerera gukuramo inyungu zifatika.
2. Ubwishingizi bw’ingaruka binyuze mu gukingira , bushimishije kubatanga n’abaguzi b’ibicuruzwa.

Kazoza gakoreshwa mumasoko yibicuruzwa nibicuruzwa, birangwa nibintu nyamukuru:

1. Igihe cyo kwicwa, ni ukuvuga itariki igenamigambi ryateganijwe.
2. Ingingo yubucuruzi, byumwihariko, ibikoresho fatizo, impapuro zagaciro cyangwa ibicuruzwa, ifaranga.
3. Kungurana ibitekerezo bikorwa.
4. Ibice byavuzwe.
5. Ingano.

Amasezerano yigihe kizaza ni akaga, ariko kandi nigikoresho cyamazi cyane kidahagaze neza. Umuguzi yiyemeje kwakira ibicuruzwa, magingo aya, ntabwo yiteguye kugurishwa. Ariko, igihe cyagenwe kirangiye, ntamuntu numwe ushobora kumutegeka kugura ibicuruzwa byerekanwe mumutekano, kubera ko nta bicuruzwa byatanzwe. Ejo hazaza harakenewe kugirango igiciro cyikintu runaka, kandi iyo kirangiye, kimwe mubintu bitatu bishobora gushyirwa mubikorwa:

1. Kubungabunga impuzandengo yimpande zombi zamasezerano.
2. Kuzuza impirimbanyi A no kugabanuka kuringaniza B.
3. Kuzuza impirimbanyi ya B inyuma yinyuma yo kugabanuka kuringaniza A.

Niba hari kuzuza konti yumuguzi inyuma yinyuma yo kugabanuka kuri konti yugurisha, noneho agaciro k’igikoresho kiyongera. Ni ukuvuga, umushoramari A yashobora kugura ibicuruzwa ku giciro gito kandi akakigurisha ku giciro cyo hejuru, bityo akuramo inyungu yibintu. Mubyukuri, kuvunja bikiza abitabiriye isoko gukora ibikorwa nkenerwa, gutuza, guhita biha uruhande rwubucuruzi itandukaniro mumafaranga nyayo. Niba igiciro kidahindutse, noneho impirimbanyi ikomeza kuba imwe. Ikintu cya gatatu kiboneka niba igiciro cyibicuruzwa kigabanutse, cyabanje kugirira akamaro umugurisha. Noneho urashobora kugurisha ibicuruzwa muburyo bwiza, igiciro cyisoko kiriho kiri munsi yicyanditswe muri contact. Niba twavugaga ibicuruzwa nyabyo, noneho umugurisha yashoboraga kubigura kubiciro byisoko akabigurisha kubiciro byagenwe mugihe kizaza. Guhana, muri ibi bihe, yorohereza ababuranyi gukenera gutwara ibicuruzwa nyabyo, ariko ikora gusa imibare ikenewe kandi ikuzuza konti yugurisha kumafaranga runaka, aribwo itandukaniro riri hagati yagaciro kisoko nigiciro cyagenwe mumasezerano. Niba umwe mu baburanyi yanze ejo hazaza mbere yigihe cyo kuyishyira mu bikorwa, noneho nyuma yigihe kirangiye amasezerano ateganijwe mumasezerano, agaciro kerekanwe murinyandiko nigiciro cyisoko ryibicuruzwa biragereranywa. noneho nyuma yigihe kirangiye cyateganijwe mumasezerano, kugereranya agaciro kerekanwe murinyandiko nigiciro cyisoko ryibicuruzwa bibaho. noneho nyuma yigihe kirangiye cyateganijwe mumasezerano, kugereranya agaciro kerekanwe murinyandiko nigiciro cyisoko ryibicuruzwa bibaho.
Uburyo amasezerano yigihe kizaza akora – urugero rufatika rwo kubara

Itandukaniro hagati yigihe kizaza namahitamo

Amasezerano azaza hamwe namahitamo aratandukanye mubyifuzo byababuranyi. Ibi birigaragaza mugihe kirangiye. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_11885” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “391”]
Itariki izarangiriraho [/ caption] Kubijyanye nigihe kizaza, abaguzi basabwa gukora amasezerano ateganijwe, kandi mugihe baguze amahitamo, ibindi bikorwa bifatwa mubushake bwumushoramari. Kurugero, amasezerano yasinywe mugutanga imigabane, nyirayo ashaka kuyigurisha mugihe kizaza kubiciro runaka. Niba abonye umuguzi, noneho bagirana amasezerano, umugurisha ahita yakira amafaranga, kandi gutanga bizakorwa mugihe kirangiye. Niba tuvuga amasezerano yo guhitamo, kurugero, yubwoko bwo guhamagara, noneho umuguzi agaragaza ubushake bwo kugura impapuro zagaciro, ariko kuri ubu ntabwo afite amafaranga akenewe kubwibi. Umugurisha aremera, mubihe nkibi, kwandika amahitamo atanga uburenganzira bwo kugura imigabane mugihe kirangiye. Niba muri iki gihe umuguzi adahisemo kugura, noneho amahitamo ntabwo akoreshwa. Nyamara, ugurisha azasabwa kugurisha impapuro zagaciro mugihe umuguzi ashaka gukoresha amahitamo, bibaho mugihe agaciro kisoko ryimigabane ryahindutse cyane kuva amasezerano yagirana. Muri uru rubanza, ibikorwa bikorwa ku giciro cyo guhagarika akazi. Iri tandukaniro hagati yamahitamo nigihe kizaza riringanizwa niba abashoramari bakorana namasezerano yatanzwe. Mubihe byamasezerano yo gukemura, intera itandukana igenwa burimunsi kandi itandukaniro ryibanze hagati yamahitamo nigihe kizaza ntikigaragara. Muri iki gihe, umugurisha ntazishyurwa igiciro cyisoko mugihe ibikorwa birangiye. Icyakora, kungurana ibitekerezo bizashobora kubika ingwate zimwe zishingiye ku nshingano zafashwe n’ababuranyi. iyo agaciro k’isoko k’imigabane kahindutse cyane kuva amasezerano arangiye. Muri uru rubanza, ibikorwa bikorwa ku giciro cyo guhagarika akazi. Iri tandukaniro hagati yamahitamo nigihe kizaza riringanizwa niba abashoramari bakorana namasezerano yatanzwe. Mubihe byamasezerano yo gukemura, intera itandukana igenwa burimunsi kandi itandukaniro ryibanze hagati yamahitamo nigihe kizaza ntikigaragara. Muri iki gihe, umugurisha ntazishyurwa igiciro cyisoko mugihe ibikorwa birangiye. Icyakora, kungurana ibitekerezo bizashobora kubika ingwate zimwe zishingiye ku nshingano zafashwe n’ababuranyi. iyo agaciro k’isoko k’imigabane kahindutse cyane kuva amasezerano arangiye. Muri uru rubanza, ibikorwa bikorwa ku giciro cyo guhagarika akazi. Iri tandukaniro hagati yamahitamo nigihe kizaza riringanizwa niba abashoramari bakorana namasezerano yatanzwe. Mubihe byamasezerano yo gukemura, intera itandukana igenwa burimunsi kandi itandukaniro ryibanze hagati yamahitamo nigihe kizaza ntikigaragara. Muri iki gihe, umugurisha ntazishyurwa igiciro cyisoko mugihe ibikorwa birangiye. Icyakora, kungurana ibitekerezo bizashobora kubika ingwate zimwe zishingiye ku nshingano zafashwe n’ababuranyi. Mubihe byamasezerano yo gukemura, intera itandukana igenwa burimunsi kandi itandukaniro ryibanze hagati yamahitamo nigihe kizaza ntikigaragara. Muri iki gihe, umugurisha ntazishyurwa igiciro cyisoko mugihe ibikorwa birangiye. Icyakora, kungurana ibitekerezo bizashobora kubika ingwate zimwe zishingiye ku nshingano zafashwe n’ababuranyi. Mubihe byamasezerano yo gukemura, intera itandukana igenwa burimunsi kandi itandukaniro ryibanze hagati yamahitamo nigihe kizaza ntikigaragara. Muri iki gihe, umugurisha ntazishyurwa igiciro cyisoko mugihe ibikorwa birangiye. Icyakora, kungurana ibitekerezo bizashobora kubika ingwate zimwe zishingiye ku nshingano zafashwe n’ababuranyi.
Gusiba bikorwa buri munsi, murwego rwo kwishyurana hagati yimpinduka zinyuranye zirangira. Mu bihe nk’ibi, gukoresha amahitamo biba bidashoboka mu bukungu, kubera ko bidashoboka gutanga umutungo ku giciro cyari gifite akamaro mu gihe cyo gusezerana. Mu gaciro k’amahitamo, hamwe niterambere ryibyabaye, burigihe burigihe premium yigihe gito yatakaye hamwe no gutangira kurangira. Irangizwa ryamahitamo ntirizagira ingaruka kuri konte ya konte, kandi amahitamo azasimburwa nigihe kizaza muri terminal. Igihe kizaza kirangiye – ibiba kumwanya: https://youtu.be/QQjRRxXZP3Y

Itandukaniro hagati yigihe kizaza namasezerano yimbere

Hariho kandi itandukaniro hagati yamasezerano nigihe kizaza abashoramari bagirana. Imbere ni igikorwa cyigihe kimwe cyakozwe hanze yu kuvunja no gutekereza ko kugura ibicuruzwa, impapuro zagaciro cyangwa ifaranga bizaba mugihe kizaza. Ababuranyi baganira ku bintu by’ingenzi hakiri kare:

• igiciro;
• amagambo;
• ibisabwa.

Muri iki gihe, ibikorwa bikorwa numutungo nyawo, kandi ntabwo bimeze nkigihe kizaza, mugihe tutavuga ihererekanyabubasha.

Imbere yashizweho kugirango yishingire abitabiriye igikorwa cyo kurwanya ihindagurika ry’ibiciro rishobora kubaho mu gihe kizaza. Nta mahame akomeye iyo asezerana amasezerano, kubwibyo, ibikorwa nkibi ntibishobora gukorwa muburyo bwo kuvunja.

Amasezerano yimbere hamwe nigihe kizaza

• intego – imbere izasozwa kugurisha cyangwa kugura umutungo nyawo, bivuze ko harebwa ibintu byose bifitiye akamaro impande zombi. Mugihe cya kabiri, amasezerano yigihe kizaza arinda imyanya yabo cyangwa yunguka itandukaniro ryibiciro. Kazoza gusa muri 5% yimanza ziyobora ababuranyi guhana ibicuruzwa nyabyo cyangwa ibikoresho byimari;
• ingano yumutungo – mugihe bagiranye amasezerano yimbere, abitabiriye gucuruza kubara ubwigenge ingano isabwa, ukurikije ibyo bakeneye. Ku bijyanye n’ejo hazaza, ingano igenwa no kuvunja, kandi abitabiriye isoko bafite uburenganzira bwo gushyira mu bikorwa umubare runaka w’amasezerano;
• ubwiza bwibikoresho – imbere bitanga amahirwe yo gukoresha umutungo wubwiza ubwo aribwo bwose, ukurikije ibyifuzo biva kubaguzi. Iyo bigeze ahazaza, ubwiza bwibikoresho bugenwa nuburyo bwo kuvunja;
• itangwa ry’ibicuruzwa – iyo bisinyiye imbere, umutungo uhora utangwa, kandi iyo urangije gutanga ejo hazaza bikorwa muburyo bwashyizweho no kuvunja, ariko mubihe byinshi ntabwo biza kuri ibi rwose;
• ingingo – ingingo zo gutanga mugihe wasinyiye imbere bigenwa nimpande zubucuruzi. Amasezerano yigihe kizaza agenwa no kuvunja;
• iseswa – amasezerano yimbere arangwa nubudahangarwa buke, kubera ko ingingo zumwanzuro wemewe zemewe kumurongo runaka wa mugenzi we wasinywe. Kazoza ni ibikoresho byamazi cyane, ariko, urwego rwiki kimenyetso rushingiye kumiterere yumutungo wimbere.

[ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_11876” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “456”]
ahazaza hamwe nuburyo bwo guhitamo Biragoye cyane kugurisha amasezerano nkaya, kubera ko imiterere yarwo yashizweho hitawe kubyo abantu bakunda uruziga rugufi. Imbere ntishobora guhagarikwa mugihe mugenzi we adatanze uburenganzira bwibi. Kubijyanye n’ingaruka zijyanye nigihe kizaza, zirasesengurwa birambuye n’inzu isukura mbere yuko amasezerano arangira, bitewe nibikomokaho birangwa nurwego rwo hejuru rwo kwizerwa. Gukoresha imbere ntabwo bijyana no gutanga umusanzu wambere nkinshingano zingwate. Kubijyanye nigihe kizaza, muriki gihe ni gake cyane gukora tutabifite. Uburyo bwo gusezerana mugihe utegura amasezerano yimbere ntabwo bigengwa numuntu,

Ingamba zo gucuruza ejo hazaza

Kugurisha ejo hazaza, abacuruzi bakoresha tekinike nyinshi zizwi:

• gahunda yo kuvunja amasezerano igereranwa nukwezi gutaha gahunda yo gutanga nigihe cyo gutanga raporo ikurikira;
• igereranya rikorwa hagati yigiciro cyibibanza byumugabane namasezerano yigihe kizaza, niba agaciro kayo kari hejuru, noneho turavuga kuri contango , ifatwa nkibihembo ugereranije nigiciro cyumutungo. Niba ibintu byahindutse ku isoko, noneho byitwa gusubira inyuma , bifatwa nkigabanywa ugereranije nigiciro fatizo. Ni ku itandukaniro ry’ivunjisha rivuka muri ibi bihe abacuruzi binjiza;
• kwiga imbonerahamwe yigihe kizaza ukoresheje isesengura rya tekiniki, ibipimo, ibintu byingenzi bishobora kugira ingaruka kubiciro byamasezerano.

Gucuruza ukurikije urwego rushyigikirwa:
Ingamba zubucuruzi “Arbitrage” zirimo ibikorwa byerekezo bitandukanye. Ibi biragufasha kunguka itandukaniro riri hagati yo kugura no kugurisha. Inzira ikorerwa kungurana ibitekerezo cyangwa kurubuga rumwe. Rimwe na rimwe, tekinike yubukemurampaka bwigihe gito ikoreshwa, mugihe amasezerano akozwe muburyo bumwe, ariko mubihe bitandukanye. Hariho ubwoko bukurikira bwa kamarampaka:

• by’agateganyo;
• umwanya;
• ikirangaminsi.

. _
Ubu buhanga bukubiyemo kugura amasezerano yo gutanga umutungo runaka kandi, mugihe habaye kwiyongera kwagaciro kazoza, kukigurisha na mbere yuko amasezerano arangira. Gukorana numwanya muto ni ukugurisha ejo hazaza mugihe habaye iterambere ribi. Niba ibintu bimeze neza nyuma, agura amasezerano, ariko ku giciro gito, yunguka itandukaniro ryibiciro. Ibizaza bizagenda bihuza n’umutungo wibanze, icyakora, hari itandukaniro hagati yabo, kuringaniza igihe kirangiye. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_11880″ align = ”
Gufungura umwanya kumasezerano yigihe kizaza [/ caption] Igihe kizaza gikwirakwizwa ni gufungura icyarimwe imyanya migufi kandi ndende, kurugero, kugura no kugurisha umutungo umwe wibanze. Bazatandukana mumatariki yo kurangiriraho. Niba umucuruzi afunguye umwanya muremure, noneho turavuga kubyerekeye gukwirakwira. Imyanya migufi ikoreshwa mwisoko ryidubu bijyanye namasezerano yegeranye. Niba ingamba zikoreshwa mubijyanye numutungo utandukanye, noneho turavuga kubijyanye no gukwirakwiza imidugudu. .
_ kumasezerano yigihe kizaza: https: / /youtu.be/ZDg14Rya6LI

Ibyiza n’ibibi byo gucuruza ejo hazaza

Hariho inyungu nyinshi zubucuruzi bwigihe kizaza:

• ntamafaranga yinyongera namafaranga yihishe;
• hari uburyo bwo kubona ikidendezi cyigihe kizaza kirangiye umwaka;
• umuvuduko mwinshi wumutungo, guhindagurika no gucuruza imbaraga.

Ingaruka zo gucuruza ejo hazaza:

• ntibikwiriye gucuruza igihe kirekire, kuko bifite agaciro mugihe runaka;
• iyo igihe kirangiye kibaye, amasezerano arafungwa mu buryo bwikora, urebye igiciro cyisoko kiriho kandi ibicuruzwa bitegereje bisibwe;
• ntushobora kwimura ubucuruzi bwuguruye kumasezerano azarangira ukwezi gutaha.

Gupima ibyiza n’ibibi byose mbere yo gucuruza ibyo bikoresho bishobora guteza akaga.

Ubwoko bwamasezerano yigihe kizaza

Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwamasezerano yigihe kizaza:

1. Gutanga.
2. Gukemura – nta gutanga.

Ibihe bizaza bisaba umuguzi nugurisha kugurisha ibicuruzwa no kubishyura mugihe cyagenwe mumasezerano. Gukemura hagati yabo bikorwa ku giciro cyagenwe kumunsi wanyuma wubucuruzi. Niba, hamwe nigihe giteganijwe, umugurisha atashoboye guha umuguzi ibicuruzwa, noneho kuvunja bimuha ibihano.
Bigereranijweejo hazaza ntaho bihuriye no gutanga ibicuruzwa nyabyo. Bikekwa ko umwe mubaburanyi azishyura undi muburanyi kubucuruzi itandukaniro riri hagati yagaciro k’umutungo mugihe cyo kugurisha nigiciro nyacyo cyibicuruzwa mugihe amasezerano arangiye. Gukemura hagati ya mugenzi we bikorwa mumafaranga, kandi kugemura ibicuruzwa ntabwo byatanzwe. Ibikorwa nkibi bikozwe mugukingira cyangwa gukoreshwa. Hedging igufasha kuringaniza igihombo gishoboka wakiriwe mugihe ugiranye amasezerano nandi masoko.

Ibiciro byamasezerano yigihe kizaza – contango no gusubira inyuma

Amasezerano yigihe kizaza ashyirwa mubicuruzwa bimwe byo kuvunja, hamwe nagaciro gatandukanye nigiciro cyumutungo. Iki kimenyetso gishobora guhindurwa nu iteganyagihe hamwe n’ingaruka ziterwa n’impinduka zishobora kuba mu ngingo zumvikanyweho mbere. Igiciro cyumutungo ku isoko nigiciro cyigihe kizaza cyibicuruzwa birashobora kugira igipimo cyiza cyangwa cyiza.

Niba amasezerano ahenze kuruta umutungo, noneho iyi leta yitwa contango. Mugihe iyo ibintu byahindutse, tuba tuvuga gusubira inyuma.

Muri ibi bihe, abashoramari benshi bizeye ko igiciro cyumutungo ku ivunjisha kizagabanuka vuba. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_11886” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “800”]
Contango no gusubira inyuma ku mbonerahamwe [/ caption] Igiciro cyigihe kizaza nigiciro cyisoko ryubu ryamasezerano afite itariki izarangiriraho. Igiciro cyiza gisobanurwa nkigiciro cyo kubona umutungo uzahita utangwa hanyuma ukawufata, ukoresheje gukoresha, binyuze mu nyungu, kugurisha cyangwa gukoresha. Muri icyo gihe, ku giciro cyiza, ni byiza ko umucuruzi agura amasezerano yumutungo ufite itariki yo gukura. Itandukaniro riri hagati yikiguzi nigiciro kiriho byitwa ishingiro ryamasezerano, ari muri leta ebyiri ugereranije nigiciro cyumutungo.
Niki kigira ingaruka ku gaciro k’amasezerano y’ejo hazaza [/ caption]

Ubwishingizi

Ubucuruzi bukorwa hashingiwe ku gutanga ibicuruzwa, binyuze mu kubitsa, amafaranga angana na 2 – 10% by’igiciro cy’umutungo w’amasezerano. Ubu ni ubwishingizi busabwa no kuvunja impande zombi zagiranye amasezerano. Amafaranga yashyizweho arahagarikwa kuri konti, akora ubwoko bwingwate. Niba igiciro cyigihe kizaza, noneho marike yugurisha ariyongera, kandi iyo igabanutse, iragabanuka. Ubu buryo bugufasha kwirinda uburyo bwo kwishyura mugihe ugirana amasezerano. Iyo ejo hazaza hateganijwe kugeza irangiye, ababuranyi basohoza inshingano zabo mugutanga umutungo cyangwa kohereza amafaranga. Iyo umwe mu bitabiriye amahugurwa adashaka kuzuza inshingano ze, kuvunja biramukorera, asigara amafaranga runaka avuye mu ngwate. Iyi gahunda ikora gusa kumasezerano ateganya gutanga umutungo.

Amatariki azarangiriraho

Hariho amatariki menshi yo kurangiriraho. Kurugero, kubipimo byamadorari, ububiko, ibikoresho byimari, itariki izarangiriraho buri gihembwe kuwa gatanu wa gatatu wukwezi gushize kwigihembwe. Hariho ejo hazaza hamwe no gusohoka buri kwezi, cyane cyane Amavuta ya CME. Ubundi bwoko bwamasezerano burashobora kurangira indi minsi. Kugurisha ejo hazaza umusaruro, ugomba kwibuka itariki izarangiriraho. Niba hari igabanuka ritunguranye ryumubare nyuma yumunsi ukurikira wubucuruzi urangiye, noneho igihe nikigera, kandi abacuruzi benshi batangira guhagarika ibicuruzwa mbere yuko amasezerano arangira. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_11871” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “498”]
Imiterere yamasezerano yigihe kizaza [/ caption] Buri masezerano yigihe kizaza afite itariki izarangiriraho. Reba ibisobanuro byamasezerano kumatariki arangiriraho. Mubusanzwe hariho igabanuka ryinshi mubunini nkuko amasezerano yigihe kizaza ageze muminsi mike irangiye. Ni ukubera ko abacuruzi bose mugihe gito bafunga imyanya yabo kandi abantu nibisosiyete gusa bashaka kugura cyangwa kugurisha ibicuruzwa byibanze bakomeje gucuruza no gufata imyanya yabo kugeza igihe bizarangirira. Abacuruzi b’igihe gito ntibagirana amasezerano yigihe kizaza mbere yuko irangira, bakora gusa cyangwa gutakaza amafaranga ukurikije ihindagurika ryibiciro bibaho nyuma yo kugura cyangwa kugabanya amasezerano.