Endagaano ya futures kye ki era ekola etya, ebirungi n’ebibi ebiri mu kusuubula ku futures

Фьючерсы

Endagaano y’ebiseera eby’omu maaso ekozesebwa okukola emirimu gy’okugula n’okutunda ekintu oba eky’obugagga mu biseera eby’omu maaso ebitegekeddwa ku muwendo ogugere. Obuvunaanyizibwa buno y’engeri omusingo guno gye gwawukana ku nkola egaba eddembe okugula oba okutunda, naye nga tewalirizibwa kukikola. Futures ziwaliriza enjuyi zombi ezikola ku nkolagana eno okutuukiriza obuvunaanyizibwa bwazo. Mu kiseera kye kimu, okuwanyisiganya ebintu eby’ebintu mu nkola y’emirimu egy’obusuubuzi egyo tekukolebwa.
Endagaano ya futures kye ki era ekola etya, ebirungi n’ebibi ebiri mu kusuubula ku futures

Futures kye ki era lwaki zikozesebwa mu katale k’okusiga ensimbi

Endagaano z’ebiseera eby’omu maaso zikozesebwa okuteekawo omuwendo omutuufu ogw’akatale ogw’ekintu ekimu. Balina omuwendo ogumu ogukozesebwa eri bamusigansimbi:

  1. Speculative transactions , okusobozesa okuggyamu emigaso egy’ebintu.
  2. Risk insurance through hedging , ekintu ekinyuvu eri abagaba n’abagula ebintu.

Futures zikozesebwa mu butale bw’ebintu n’ebintu, zimanyiddwa olw’ebipimo ebikulu:

  1. Obudde bw’okukola, kwe kugamba olunaku okutunda kw’etegekeddwa.
  2. Ensonga y’okutunda naddala, ebikozesebwa ebisookerwako, emigabo oba ebintu, ssente.
  3. Okuwanyisiganya okutunda kwe kukolebwa.
  4. Yuniti z’okujuliza.
  5. Enkula y’oku mabbali.

Endagaano ya futures kye ki era ekola etya, ebirungi n’ebibi ebiri mu kusuubula ku futures Endagaano y’ebiseera eby’omu maaso kintu kya bulabe, naye era kya mazzi nnyo ekitali kinywevu nnyo. Omuguzi yeeyama okukkiriza ekintu ekyo, mu kiseera kino, nga tekitegekeddwa kutundibwa. Naye, ekiseera ekiragiddwa bwe kiggwaako, mu butuufu tewali ayinza kumukaka kugula bintu biragiddwa mu musingo, okuva bwe kiri nti tewali bituusiddwa ddala. Ebiseera eby’omu maaso byetaagibwa okuteekawo ebbeeyi y’ekintu, era bwe biggwaako, emu ku mbeera ssatu esobola okuteekebwa mu nkola:

  1. Okukuuma bbalansi y’enjuyi zombi ezikola endagaano.
  2. Okujjuza bbalansi A n’okukendeeza ku bbalansi B.
  3. Okujjuza bbalansi ya B ku mugongo gw’okukendeera kwa bbalansi ya A.

Singa wabaawo okujjuza akawunti y’omuguzi okusinziira ku kukendeeza ku akawunti y’omutunzi, olwo omuwendo gw’ekintu gweyongera. Kwe kugamba, omusigansimbi A yandisobodde okugula ekintu ekyo ku bbeeyi eya wansi n’addamu okukitunda ku bbeeyi eya waggulu, bw’atyo n’aggyamu omugaso ogw’ebintu. Mu butuufu, okuwanyisiganya kuwonya abeetabye mu katale okukola emirimu egyetaagisa, okusasula, amangu ago okuwa ekibiina ky’okutunda enjawulo mu ssente entuufu. Singa bbeeyi tekyuse, olwo bbalansi esigala y’emu. Ensonga eyokusatu etuukirira singa bbeeyi y’ebyamaguzi egwa, ekintu mu kusooka kyali kya mugaso eri omutunzi. Kati osobola okutunda ebintu ku bukwakkulizo obusingako obulungi, nga bbeeyi yaayo ku katale eriwo kati ntono okusinga eyo eyawandiisibwa mu contact. Singa twali twogera ku kintu ekituufu, olwo omutunzi asobola okukigula ku muwendo gw’akatale n’akitunda ku bbeeyi eragiddwa mu biseera eby’omu maaso. Okuwanyisiganya, mu mbeera eno, . ewummuza enjuyi ku bwetaavu bw’okutambuza ebyamaguzi ebituufu, naye emala kukola kubalirira okwetaagisa n’okujjuza akawunti y’omutunzi ku muwendo ogugere, nga guno gwe njawulo wakati w’omuwendo gw’akatale n’omuwendo ogwalagirwa mu ndagaano. Singa emu ku njuyi egaana ebiseera eby’omu maaso nga ekiseera ky’okukikola tekinnatuuka, olwo oluvannyuma lw’okuggwaako kw’ebisanja ebiragiddwa mu ndagaano, omuwendo ogulagiddwa mu kiwandiiko n’ebbeeyi y’ebintu ku katale bigeraageranyizibwa. Endagaano ya futures kye ki era ekola etya, ebirungi n’ebibi ebiri mu kusuubula ku futures Mu mbeera y’ebiseera eby’omu maaso, abaguzi balina okumaliriza enkolagana etegekeddwa, era nga bagula eky’okulonda, ebikolwa ebirala bikolebwa nga omusigansimbi bw’asalawo. Okugeza, endagaano ekolebwa ey’okugaba emigabo, nga nnannyini gyo ayagala okugitunda mu biseera eby’omu maaso ku bbeeyi egere. Singa afuna omuguzi, olwo ne bakola endagaano, omutunzi n’afuna amangu ddala ssente ezo, era okutuusa kujja kukolebwa mu kiseera we ziggwaako. Bwe tuba twogera ku ndagaano za option okugeza ez’ekika kya call option, olwo omuguzi alaga okwagala okugula emigabo, naye mu kiseera kino talina ssente zeetaagisa ku kino. Omutunzi akiriza, mu mbeera ng’eyo, okuwandiika eky’okulonda ekiwa eddembe okugula emigabo mu kiseera ky’okuggwaako. Singa mu kiseera kino omuguzi tasalawo kugula, olwo eky’okulonda tekikozesebwa. Wabula omutunzi ajja kwetaagibwa okutunda emigabo singa omuguzi ayagala okukozesa eky’okulonda, ekibaawo ng’omuwendo gw’emigabo ku katale gukyuse nnyo okuva endagaano lwe yakolebwa. Mu mbeera eno, okutunda kukolebwa ku bbeeyi y’akeediimo. Enjawulo eno wakati w’okulonda n’ebiseera eby’omu maaso etereezebwa singa bamusigansimbi baba bakola ku ndagaano ezisobola okuweebwa. Mu mbeera eri mu ndagaano z’okusasula, omuwendo gw’enjawulo gusalibwawo buli lunaku era enjawulo enkulu wakati w’enkola z’okulonda n’ebiseera eby’omu maaso ekoma okuwulirwa. Mu mbeera eno, omutunzi tajja kusasulwa muwendo gwa katale ng’okutunda kuwedde. Naye, okuwanyisiganya kujja kusobola okutereka omusingo ogumu ku buvunaanyizibwa obutwalibwa enjuyi. omuwendo gw’emigabo ku katale bwe gukyuse nnyo okuva endagaano lwe yakolebwa. Mu mbeera eno, okutunda kukolebwa ku bbeeyi y’akeediimo. Enjawulo eno wakati w’okulonda n’ebiseera eby’omu maaso etereezebwa singa bamusigansimbi baba bakola ku ndagaano ezisobola okuweebwa. Mu mbeera eri mu ndagaano z’okusasula, omuwendo gw’enjawulo gusalibwawo buli lunaku era enjawulo enkulu wakati w’enkola z’okulonda n’ebiseera eby’omu maaso ekoma okuwulirwa. Mu mbeera eno, omutunzi tajja kusasulwa muwendo gwa katale ng’okutunda kuwedde. Naye, okuwanyisiganya kujja kusobola okutereka omusingo ogumu ku buvunaanyizibwa obutwalibwa enjuyi. omuwendo gw’emigabo ku katale bwe gukyuse nnyo okuva endagaano lwe yakolebwa. Mu mbeera eno, okutunda kukolebwa ku bbeeyi y’akeediimo. Enjawulo eno wakati w’okulonda n’ebiseera eby’omu maaso etereezebwa singa bamusigansimbi baba bakola ku ndagaano ezisobola okuweebwa. Mu mbeera eri mu ndagaano z’okusasula, omuwendo gw’enjawulo gusalibwawo buli lunaku era enjawulo enkulu wakati w’enkola z’okulonda n’ebiseera eby’omu maaso ekoma okuwulirwa. Mu mbeera eno, omutunzi tajja kusasulwa muwendo gwa katale ng’okutunda kuwedde. Naye, okuwanyisiganya kujja kusobola okutereka omusingo ogumu ku buvunaanyizibwa obutwalibwa enjuyi. Mu mbeera eri mu ndagaano z’okusasula, omuwendo gw’enjawulo gusalibwawo buli lunaku era enjawulo enkulu wakati w’enkola z’okulonda n’ebiseera eby’omu maaso ekoma okuwulirwa. Mu mbeera eno, omutunzi tajja kusasulwa muwendo gwa katale ng’okutunda kuwedde. Naye, okuwanyisiganya kujja kusobola okutereka omusingo ogumu ku buvunaanyizibwa obutwalibwa enjuyi. Mu mbeera eri mu ndagaano z’okusasula, omuwendo gw’enjawulo gusalibwawo buli lunaku era enjawulo enkulu wakati w’enkola z’okulonda n’ebiseera eby’omu maaso ekoma okuwulirwa. Mu mbeera eno, omutunzi tajja kusasulwa muwendo gwa katale ng’okutunda kuwedde. Naye, okuwanyisiganya kujja kusobola okutereka omusingo ogumu ku buvunaanyizibwa obutwalibwa enjuyi.
Endagaano ya futures kye ki era ekola etya, ebirungi n’ebibi ebiri mu kusuubula ku futures Okulongoosa kukolebwa buli lunaku, mu nkola eno okusasulagana okw’enjawulo (mutual payments of variation margin) kubaawo okutuuka ku nkomerero. Mu mbeera ng’eyo, okukozesa eky’okulonda kifuuka ekitali kya mugaso mu by’enfuna, okuva bwe kiri nti tekisoboka kutuusa kya bugagga ku bbeeyi eyali ekwatagana mu kiseera endagaano we yakolebwa. Mu muwendo gw’okulonda, n’enkulaakulana ng’eyo ey’ebintu ebibaawo, bulijjo wabaawo omutemwa ogw’ekiseera ogufiirwa n’okutandika okuggwaako. Okutuukiriza eky’okulonda tekijja kukosa bbalansi ya akawunti, era eky’okulonda kijja kukyusibwamu ebiseera eby’omu maaso mu terminal. Futures expiration – kiki ekituuka ku kifo: https://youtu.be/QQjRRxXZP3Y…

Enjawulo wakati w’endagaano z’ebiseera eby’omu maaso n’ez’omu maaso

Waliwo n’enjawulo wakati w’endagaano za forward ne futures bamusigansimbi ze bakola. Forward ye nkolagana ey’omulundi gumu ekolebwa ebweru w’ebifo ebiwanyisiganya ssente era nga tuteebereza nti okugula ekintu, emigabo oba ssente kujja kubaawo mu biseera eby’omu maaso. Enjuyi ziteesa ku bukwakkulizo obukulu nga bukyali:

  • omuwendo;
  • emitendera;
  • obukwakkulizo obw’enjawulo.

Mu mbeera eno, okutunda kukolebwa n’eby’obugagga ebituufu, so si nga bwe kiri ku biseera eby’omu maaso, nga tetwogera ku kukyusa bintu.

Forward ekoleddwa okukakasa abeetabye mu nkolagana eno obutakyukakyuka mu bbeeyi eziyinza okubaawo mu biseera eby’omu maaso. Tewali mutindo mukakali nga okola endagaano, n’olwekyo, okutunda ng’okwo tekuyinza kukolebwa ku kuwaanyisiganya.

Endagaano ya futures kye ki era ekola etya, ebirungi n’ebibi ebiri mu kusuubula ku futures
Endagaano z’omu maaso n’ez’omu maaso
Endagaano z’omu maaso n’ez’omu maaso zaawukana ku ndala mu nsonga zino wammanga:

  • ebigendererwa – forward ejja kukomekkerezebwa olw’okutunda oba okugula eby’obugagga ebituufu, ekitegeeza okulowooza ku bukwakkulizo bwonna obugasa enjuyi zombi. Mu mbeera eyokubiri, endagaano z’ebiseera eby’omu maaso ziba zikuuma ebifo byazo oba nga ziganyulwa mu njawulo mu miwendo. Ebiseera eby’omu maaso mu bitundu 5% byokka bye biviirako enjuyi okuwanyisiganya ebintu ebituufu oba ebikozesebwa mu by’ensimbi;
  • obungi bw’eby’obugagga – nga bakola endagaano ey’omu maaso, abeetabye mu nkolagana babala nga beetongodde obungi obwetaagisa, nga balowooza ku byetaago byabwe. Mu mbeera ya futures, volumes zisalibwawo exchange, era abeetabye mu katale balina eddembe okussa mu nkola omuwendo ogugere ogw’endagaano;
  • omutindo gw’ebikozesebwa – mu maaso kiwa omukisa okukozesa eby’obugagga eby’omutindo gwonna, okusinziira ku kusaba ki okuva eri omuguzi. Bwe kituuka ku futures, omutindo gw’ebikozesebwa gusalibwawo okusinziira ku specification y’okuwanyisiganya;
  • okutuusa ebyamaguzi – nga ossa omukono ku forward, eby’obugagga bulijjo bituusibwa, era bwe bamaliriza okutuusa eby’omu maaso kukolebwa mu ngeri eteekebwawo okuwanyisiganya, naye mu mbeera ezisinga tekituuka ku kino n’akatono;
  • ebisaanyizo – ebisaanyizo by’okutuusa nga ossa omukono ku forward bisalibwawo enjuyi ezikola ku nkolagana. Ebiragiro by’endagaano z’ebiseera eby’omu maaso bisalibwawo okuwanyisiganya;
  • liquidity – endagaano ey’omu maaso emanyiddwa nga liquidity ekoma, okuva ebiragiro by’okumaliriza kwayo bwe bikkirizibwa ku nkulungo emu ey’abakolagana wakati we yakolebwa. Futures bikozesebwa ebirimu amazzi amangi, naye, omutindo gw’ekiraga kino gusinziira ku mutindo gw’eby’obugagga ebikulu.

Endagaano ya futures kye ki era ekola etya, ebirungi n’ebibi ebiri mu kusuubula ku futures Abasuubuzi basobola okuggulawo ebifo ebimpi n’ebiwanvu nga basuubula endagaano z’ebiseera eby’omu maaso. Enkola eno erimu okugula endagaano y’okugaba eky’obugagga ekimu era singa wabaawo okweyongera mu muwendo gw’ebintu eby’omu maaso, abitunda ne nga endagaano tennaggwaako. Okukola n’ebifo ebimpi kwe kutunda ebiseera eby’omu maaso singa wabaawo enkulaakulana ezitali nnungi. Singa embeera etereera oluvannyuma, addamu okugula endagaano, naye ku ssente entono, ng’afuna ku njawulo eri mu bbeeyi. Ebiseera eby’omu maaso bijja kutambula nga bikwatagana n’eby’obugagga ebikulu, wabula, waliwo enjawulo wakati wabyo, nga bikwatagana ng’okuggwaako kusembera.

Endagaano ya futures kye ki era ekola etya, ebirungi n’ebibi ebiri mu kusuubula ku futures
Okusuubula ebiseera eby’omu maaso nga okozesa enkola y’okusaasaanya wakati w’okuwanyisiganya ssente
Ebiseera eby’omu maaso bye biruwa n’engeri y’okusuubulamu ku katale k’ebintu ebiva mu Moscow Exchange – obukodyo bw’okusuubula ku ndagaano z’ebiseera eby’omu maaso: https:/ /youtu.be/ZDg14Rya6LI

Ebirungi n’ebibi ebiri mu kusuubula futures

Waliwo ebirungi ebiwerako ebiri mu kusuubula ebiseera eby’omu maaso:

  • tewali nsaasaanya ndala n’ebisale ebikwekebwa;
  • waliwo okufuna ekibinja ky’ebiseera eby’omu maaso nga kiggwaako okumala omwaka mulamba;
  • ssente ennyingi ez’eby’obugagga, okukyukakyuka n’okusuubula okutambula obulungi.

Ebizibu ebiri mu kusuubula endagaano z’ebiseera eby’omu maaso:

  • tekisaanira kusuubula kwa bbanga ddene, kuba kikola okumala ekiseera ekigere;
  • bwe wabaawo okuggwaako, ddiiru ziggalwawo mu ngeri ey’otoma, nga balowooza ku bbeeyi y’akatale eriwo kati n’okulagira okulindiridde okusazibwamu;
  • tosobola kukyusa open trades okudda ku ndagaano eggwaako omwezi ogujja.

Endagaano ya futures kye ki era ekola etya, ebirungi n’ebibi ebiri mu kusuubula ku futures

Pima ebirungi n’ebibi byonna nga tonnasuubula bivuga bino eby’akabi ennyo.

Ebika by’endagaano z’ebiseera eby’omu maaso

Endagaano z’ebiseera eby’omu maaso waliwo ebika bibiri:

  1. Okutusa.
  2. Okusenza – awatali kuzaala.

Ebiseera eby’omu maaso ebiweebwayo biwaliriza omuguzi n’omutunzi okutunda ddala ebyamaguzi n’okubisasula mu bukwakkulizo obulambikiddwa mu ndagaano. Okusenza wakati waabwe kukolebwa ku bbeeyi eyateekebwawo ku lunaku olusembayo olw’okusuubula. Singa, ng’olunaku lw’okusasulwa, omutunzi yali tasobola kuwa muguzi bintu, olwo okuwanyisiganya ebintu kumussaako ebibonerezo.
Okuteeberezafutures tezikwatagana mu ngeri yonna na kugaba kwennyini okw’ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti emu ku njuyi ejja kusasula oludda olulala ku nkolagana enjawulo wakati w’omuwendo gw’eby’obugagga mu kiseera ky’okutunda n’omuwendo gwennyini ogw’ekintu mu kiseera endagaano lw’eggwaako. Okusasula wakati w’abakolagana nabo kukolebwa mu ssente, era okutuusa ebyamaguzi mu mubiri tekuweebwa. Enkolagana ng’ezo zikolebwa olw’okukuuma oba okukozesa obubi mu kuteebereza. Hedging ekusobozesa okuteeka level y’okufiirwa okuyinza okubaawo ng’okola endagaano mu katale akalala.
Endagaano ya futures kye ki era ekola etya, ebirungi n’ebibi ebiri mu kusuubula ku futures

Futures contract price – contango n’okudda emabega

Endagaano y’ebiseera eby’omu maaso egabanyizibwa mu kibinja ky’ekintu ekimu eky’okuwanyisiganya, ng’omuwendo gwayo gwawukana ku bbeeyi y’eby’obugagga. Ekiraga kino kiyinza okukosebwa okuteebereza n’obulabe obuva ku nkyukakyuka eyinza okubaawo mu nsonga y’endagaano ezaatuusibwako emabegako. Bbeeyi y’eky’obugagga ku katale n’ebbeeyi y’ebintu bino eby’omu maaso bisobola okuba n’omugerageranyo omubi oba omulungi.

Singa endagaano eba ya bbeeyi okusinga eky’obugagga, olwo eggwanga lino liyitibwa contango. Mu mbeera ng’embeera ezze emabega, twogera ku kudda mabega.

Mu mbeera eno, bamusigansimbi abasinga balina essuubi nti mu bbanga ttono bbeeyi y’eby’obugagga ku bifo ebiwanyisiganya ssente ejja kukka nnyo. Endagaano ya futures kye ki era ekola etya, ebirungi n’ebibi ebiri mu kusuubula ku futures Bbeeyi ya futures gwe muwendo gw’akatale akaliwo kati ogw’endagaano erina olunaku olugere lw’okuggwaako. Bbeeyi ey’obwenkanya etegeezebwa ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi ezisaasaanyizibwa okufuna eky’obugagga ekigenda okutuusibwa amangu ddala n’oluvannyuma okukikwata, okuyita mu kukozesa, okuyita mu kukola amagoba, okutunda oba okukozesa. Mu kiseera kye kimu, ku bbeeyi ey’obwenkanya, kiba kya magoba omusuubuzi okugula endagaano y’eky’obugagga ekirina olunaku olugere lwe lugenda okuggwaako. Enjawulo wakati w’omuwendo ogukwatagana n’ogw’akaseera kano eyitibwa omusingi gw’endagaano, nga guno guli mu mbeera bbiri okusinziira ku bbeeyi y’eby’obugagga ey’ekifo.

Endagaano ya futures kye ki era ekola etya, ebirungi n’ebibi ebiri mu kusuubula ku futures
Ekikosa omuwendo gw’endagaano y’ebiseera eby’omu maaso

Yinsuwa

Okusuubula kukolebwa nga kusinziira ku kuwaayo okutunda, okuyita mu kutereka, omuwendo gwabyo guli 2 – 10% ku bbeeyi y’eby’obugagga eby’endagaano. Eno ye yinsuwa eyeetaagisa okuwanyisiganya okuva mu njuyi zombi ezikola endagaano. Omuwendo ogwateekebwawo guziyizibwa ku akawunti, ne gukola ekika ky’omusingo. Singa bbeeyi ya futures erinnya, olwo margin y’omutunzi yeeyongera, ate bwe ekka, ekendeera. Enkola eno ekusobozesa okwewala enkola y’okusasula ng’okola endagaano. Ekiseera eky’omu maaso bwe kikuumibwa okutuusa lwe kiggalawo, enjuyi zituukiriza obuvunaanyizibwa bwazo nga zituusa eby’obugagga oba okukyusa ssente enkalu. Omu ku beetabye mu kutendekebwa bw’aba tayagala kutuukiriza buvunaanyizibwa bwe, omuwaanyisi akikola ku lulwe, n’aleka ssente ezimu okuva mu musingo. Enteekateeka eno ekola ku ndagaano zokka eziraga okutuusa eky’obugagga.

Ennaku z’omwezi eziggwaako

Waliwo ennaku eziwerako eziggwaako endagaano. Okugeza, ku muwendo gwa ddoola, sitoowa, ebikozesebwa mu by’ensimbi, olunaku lw’okuggwaako luba lwa kwata ku Lwokutaano olw’okusatu olw’omwezi ogusembayo mu kwata. Waliwo futures ezirina okufuluma buli mwezi naddala CME Crude Oil. Ebika by’endagaano ebirala biyinza okuggwaako ku nnaku endala. Okusuubula futures mu ngeri ennungi, olina okujjukira olunaku endagaano lwe yaggwaako. Singa wabaawo okukendeera mu bungi mu ngeri etasuubirwa oluvannyuma lw’olunaku oluddako olw’okusuubula okuggwaako, olwo ekiseera kiba kituufu, era abasuubuzi abasinga obungi batandika okuggalawo emirimu nga endagaano tennaggwaako. Endagaano ya futures kye ki era ekola etya, ebirungi n’ebibi ebiri mu kusuubula ku futures Buli ndagaano y’ebiseera eby’omu maaso erina olunaku lw’okuggwaako. Kebera ebikwata ku ndagaano ku nnaku endagaano yo bw’eneeggwaako. Ebiseera ebisinga wabaawo okukendeera okw’amaanyi mu bungi ng’endagaano y’ebiseera eby’omu maaso etuuka mu nnaku ntono okuva lwe yaggwaako. Kino kiri bwe kityo kubanga abasuubuzi bonna ab’ekiseera ekitono baggalawo ebifo byabwe era abantu ne kkampuni bokka abaagala okugula oba okutunda ekintu ekiri wansi we bagenda mu maaso n’okusuubula n’okukwata ebifo byabwe okutuusa olunaku lw’okuggwaako. Abasuubuzi ab’ekiseera ekitono tebakola ndagaano za biseera eby’omu maaso nga tezinnaggwaako, bamala kukola oba bafiirwa ssente okusinziira ku nkyukakyuka mu bbeeyi ebaawo oluvannyuma lw’okugula oba okufunza endagaano.

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  1. lazizbek

    zur

    Reply
  2. Yasiin Awaal

    Mani mlaif malaqa

    Reply