Exchange Yakatengeswa ETF Fund – Mhando, Investments, Profitability

Exchange-inotengesa ETF homwe – chii chiri mumashoko akareruka nezve yakaoma.ETFs (exchange-traded funds) inzira yekubatana kwekudyara. Nokutenga chikamu chehomwe yakadaro ye4,000 rubles chete, iwe unova muridzi wechikamu chiduku chezvikamu mumakambani akadai seMicrosoft, Apple, MasterCard, Tesla, Facebook, Google, McDonald’s nevamwe vakawanda. VTI’s most diversified fund inosanganisira anopfuura 3,900 stocks. Kuti udzokorore kusiyanisa kwakadaro muakaunti yavo, investor yakazvimirira inoda mari yakawandisa. Kune akawanda inverters, iyi diversification haisipo. Kune mari yekuchinjana-inotengeswa inonyatso kukopa kuumbwa uye zvikamu zvezvikamu zve indices yenyika, commodity uye mari yakakosha yesimbi, ETFs yemabhondi uye mari yemusika zviridzwa. Kune anopfuura zana akasiyana ekuchinjana-achitengeserwa mari mumusika weUS iyo inoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana. Semuyenzaniso,
Ray Dalio ” (kudyara mumasheya, mabhondi uye goridhe ine nguva nenguva kusaenzana), investimendi muzvikamu zveimwe chikamu chenyika dzakati. Nerubatsiro rweETF portfolio, unogona kuunganidza akasiyana portfolio neindasitiri uye nyika yevanoisa mari nedhipoziti ine mwero. Kune maETF anongotarisirwa anonyatso kutevedzera mafambiro eiyo index kana commodity, uye inoshanda manejimendi mari, umo mari inotambirwa uye kudonha kunodzorwa nemamaneja. Mari yakajairika ndeyekungoita manejimendi – vane mubhadharo wakaderera uye masimba avo haaenderane nechinhu chemunhu.

Kusiyana pakati peETFs uye mutual funds

Iyo yeRussia analogue yeETF ndeye mutual fund (mutual investment fund). Pasinei nokufanana, pane zvimwe zvakasiyana

1. Ma ETF mazhinji anongo tungamirirwa nehurongwa hwakavhurika . Izvi zvinopa mukana kune investor, sezvo zviri pachena kuti ndezvipi zviridzwa muzvikamu zvipi mari inoiswa. Munhu anodyara mari anogona kuva nechokwadi chekuti kana achiisa mari muETFs yegoridhe, mari yake inodzokorora chaizvo simba resimbi yakakosha.
2. Mutual investment funds imari yekutarisira inoshanda . Chigumisiro chemari chinoenderana zvikuru nezviito uye kukanganisa kwemutungamiriri. Mamiriro chaiwo ndeapo iyo dynamics ye mutual fund isina kunaka mumusika wakasimba wenzombe. Asi mukudonha kwemusika, mutual funds inogona kunge iri nani pane musika.
3. ETFs ichakubvumidza kuti utore akasiyana portfolio , nenyika, indasitiri kana zano.
4. ETFs inobhadhara zvikamu kana ichibhadharwa nezvikamu zve index yavanotevera. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, migove inodzoserwa pachikamu chekutanga.
5. ETFs inotengeswa pakuchinjana , uye mugadziri wemusika anochengeta liquidity. Hapana chikonzero chekubata manejimendi kambani yekutenga. Zvakakwana kuve neakaundi yebrokerage chero ane rezinesi broker.
6. ETF makomisheni akadzikira kakawanda kana achienzaniswa nemutual funds .

ETF – maitiro ekudyara mari mumari, kusiyana nemutual funds: https://youtu.be/I8yKqqO5Vdg

Mhando dzeETFs

ETF iripo inogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka anotevera:

1. Nenyika – paUS stock exchange pane mari inodyara munenge nyika dzese uko kune musika wemasheya. Kune maETF akasiyana eindekisi imwe neimwe yenyika ino.
2. Nezvikamu zvehupfumi – kune ETFs yezvikamu zvakasiyana zvehupfumi, apo zvikamu zveimwe chikamu chehupfumi hwenyika inobvunzwa inounganidzwa. Munhu anodyara mari anogona kusatenga iyo index yese, asi anoisa mari chete mumaindasitiri anovimbisa mumaonero ake.
3. Zvemidziyo zvemari – ETFs inogona kugoverwa kumasheya, mabhondi, mari yemusika zviridzwa (yenguva pfupi mabhondi kusvika kumwedzi mitatu), mari ETFs, ETFs yesimbi dzinokosha, zvinhu zveindasitiri, real estate.

ETF pane MICEX

Kune anopfuura 1,500 akasiyana maETF anowanikwa paNYSE.
Iyo Moscow Exchange inopa yakanyanya mwero runyorwa rweETFs kune vekuRussia vanoisa mari (mazhinji etfs aripo kuti atengerwe chete kune vanokwanisa vanoita mari). Parizvino, 128 ETFs uye BIFs dziripo paMoscow Exchange. Finex inopa ETFs inotevera:

• FXRB – Indekisi yeRussian corporate bonds yakarongwa muRubles.
• FXRU – Indekisi yeRussian corporate bonds yakarongwa mumadhora.
• FXFA indekisi yemabhondi emakambani ane goho guru renyika dzakabudirira.
• FXIP – mabhondi ehurumende yeUnited States, ane kuchengetedzwa kweinflation ne ruble hedge, anowanikwa muRubles.
• FXRD – dhora repamusoro goho mabhondi, bhenji – Solactive USD Fallen Angel Issuer Capped Index.
• FXKZ – homwe inodyara muzvikamu zveKazakhstan.
• FXRL ndeyekudyara muRussia RTS index.
• FXDE ndeyekudyara mumusika wemasheya weGerman.
• FXIT ndeyekudyara muAmerican tekinoroji chikamu.
• FXUS ndeyekudyara muUS SP500 index.
• FXCN ndeyekudyara muChinese stock market.
• FXWO ndeyekudyara muzvikamu zvemusika wepasi rose, iyo portfolio inosanganisira zvinopfuura mazana mashanu emasheya kubva ku7 nyika huru dzepasi.
• FXRW ndeyekudyara mune yakakwira-cap US stocks.
• FXIM ndeyekudyara muUS IT chikamu.
• FXES – migove yemakambani eUS muchikamu chemitambo uye eSports.
• FXRE ndeyekudyara muUS real estate investment trusts.
• FXEM – mari muzvikamu zvenyika dzichiri kusimukira (kunze kweChina neIndia).
• FXGD ndeyekudyara mugoridhe.

Finex parizvino ndiyo yega kambani inopa ETF mari kune vatengesi vekuRussia.

Kune zvigadzirwa zvakafanana kubva kuSberbank, VTB, BCS, Finam, Alfa Capital,
Tinkof Investments , Aton nevamwe. Asi vese ndeveBPIF. Mazhinji makambani ekutungamira anopa zvigadzirwa zvakafanana (homwe inotevera iyo yakakura musika index
SP500 inomiririrwa neSberbank, Alfa Capital uye VTB). Masimba acho anenge akafanana, asi vatengesi vakatenga zvikamu zveFinex vakabatsirwa zvishoma nekuda kwemakomisheni akaderera. Chimwe chinhu cheETF paMoscow Exchange ndechokuti mari yeETF imadhora, uye kuti utenge ETF yakadaro, rubles kubva muakaunti inotanga kuchinjwa kuva madhora. Kune etf yakashongedzwa muRubles (ine hedge yemari), nekuvawana iyo investor inodzivirirwa kubva pakusvetuka mudhora kuenda kuRuble exchange rate.

Nheyo yekugadzira ETF portfolio

Kudyara mari muindex mari kwakangofanana nezvinoitwa nemamaneja emari. Iyo yekudyara horizon ine basa – haufanirwe kuedza kuunganidza ETF portfolio kwemakore 1-2. Iyo huru postulate yekudyara muETFs ndeyekugara kwekudyara, zvisinei nemamiriro emusika. Kuti usarudze maETF akakodzera, webhusaiti yeMoscow Exchange ichabatsira mushambadzi, kwaunogona kuona runyoro rwezvose zvinotengeswa-mari inotengeswa – https://www.moex.com/msn/etf. Pasaiti iwe unogona kujairana nemari yese, ona tsananguro pfupi uye kuratidzwa kwehomwe. Iyo saiti haina kunyatso kuenderana nekutsvaga ETF, zvinodikanwa kuti ukwanise kutsvaga neparameter. ETF screener ichabatsira pano. Ngatishandisei Fin-Plan RADAR sevhisi. Iyo sevhisi inobvumidza iwe kuti uongorore iyo yese ETF musika weMoscow Exchange nekusefa mari nema parameter. Nekusarudza mari nemakomisheni pazasi 1% uye kubvisa zvakapetwa, hapana akawanda sarudzo asara.

1. FXMM ihomwe yemusika wemari yekuUS inoisa mari mumabhondi mapfupi eUS kwenguva yemwedzi 1-3.

Homwe iyi yakafanana nedhipoziti yekuda. Chinhu chinosiyanisa ndechekuti girafu rayo mutsara wakatwasuka wakananga kumusoro pakona ye45 degrees.
Iyo US Treasury goho parizvino yakatenderedza 0.3% uye goho curve haina kutwasuka seFXMM. Kutsvedzerera kwegoho curve inovimbiswa necurrency hedging. Iye investor anodyara muhomwe rubles. Vatariri vanoshandura rubles kuita madhora uye vanotenga mabhondi ehupfumi negoho re 0.3%. Mukuwedzera, maneja anopinda muchibvumirano chekuchinjana chekuchinjana kwemari. Muchidimbu, izvi zvinoreva kuti homwe inotora chikwereti chekugogodza mumadhora pachiyero che 0.25% uye inoisa mari inogamuchirwa pane ruble deposit pachiyero che 4-5%. Panguva imwecheteyo, homwe yacho inowana mari ye4% uye chiyero chekuchinjana musiyano nekuda kwekutsinhana kwemari (inogona kuve yakanaka uye yakaipa). Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti kunyangwe iyo chati iri mutsara wakatwasuka kwenguva yakareba, kune kusvetuka kwenguva pfupi nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemari (chisungo chikuru chakaitika, kukanganisa mitengo). Nokudaro, kana nguva yekudyara muFXMM ETF isingasviki mwedzi, zvingava zvinobatsira kuramba mari yakadaro.

2. BPIF RFI “VTB – Emerging Countries Equity Fund” (VTBE ETF) . Kuti tisiyane, ngatiwedzerei chinhu chinoisa mari munyika dzichiri kusimukira kune portfolio.

Ngatisarudzei muETF inoongorora zvinhu zvese zvinoisa mari mumisanganiswa asset. Ngatitarisei pavtbe etf. Homwe iyi inodyara mumidziyo yenyika dzichiri kusimukira kuburikidza nekutenga kwekunze etf ISHARES CORE MSCI EM. Investment muhomwe iyi inovimbisa kusiyanisa nyika dzese. Panguva imwecheteyo, komisheni yehomwe inongova 0.71%. Paunenge uchitenga kuburikidza neVTB broker, hapana chekuchinjana komisheni.

3. VTBH ETF . Zvino, kuderedza kushata kwepodfolio, ngatiwedzerei mabhondi. VTBH ETF inopa mukana wekudyara mumabhondi eUS ane goho repamusoro. Kuti uite izvi, homwe yekuchinjana-inotengeserana inotenga migove yekunze ETF ISHARES HIGH YIELD CORP BOND.
4. DIVD ETF – homwe yekuchinjana-inotengeserana inotevera index yezvikamu zvezvikamu zveRussian Federation. Iyo index inosanganisira 50% yezvikamu zvakanakisisa zveRussian Federation maererano ne: dividend goho, kugadzikana kwemugove, kunaka kweanopa. Nekuda kwemubhadharo wekugovaniswa uye kunaka kwemhando dzebhizinesi, kudzoserwa kwakakwirira kudarika musika wakakura weequity kunotarisirwa (avhareji yekudzoka kwepagore kubva munaKurume 2007 kusvika parizvino 15.6% vs. 9.52% pamusika wakakura weequity)
5. Nekudyara mumusika wemasheya weUS, TECH (inodyara muUS NASDAQ 100 index) kubva kuTinkoff Investments uye FXUS , iyo inodzokorora masimba emusika wakafara weUS SP500, inokodzera zvakanyanya.
6. Kutariswa kwakakodzerawo TGRN ETF kubva kuTinkoff Investments . Avhareji yegoho repagore iri pamwero we22% pagore. Homwe iyi inodyara vatungamiri vetekinoroji yakachena pasi rose.
7. ETF FXRL ihomwe ye index inoteedzera dynamics yeRussia RTS index. Tichifunga kuti iyo RTS indekisi yemadhora, etf inopa dziviriro pakuchinja kwemari. Nekukura kwedhora, iyo RTS index inokura yakasimba kupfuura MICEX. Migove yakagamuchirwa inoiswazve muzvikamu zvehomwe. Iyo Fund inobhadhara mutero pazvikamu zve10%.
8. Kuti udzivirire kukwira kwemitengo, unofanirwa kuwedzera goridhe etf, semuenzaniso, FXGD . Mari yekomisheni inongova 0.45%. Iyo Fund inoteedzera mutengo wegoridhe renyama pamusika wepasirese nenzira kwayo sezvinobvira, uye inokutendera kuti uzvidzivirire kubva kuinflation pasina VAT.
9. Zvakare, tarisa maETF anotevera All Weather/Perpetual Portfolio strategy – etf opnw kubva kuOtkritie Broker kana TUSD ETF kubva kuTinkoff Investments . Iyo homwe ine diversification mukati, investor haafanire kuita mamwe maitiro. Mamaneja anodyara zvakaenzana mumasheya, mabhondi, goridhe. Etf opnw zvakare inodyara muUS real estate mari.

Izvo zvisingabatsiri zveETF dzakadaro ndezvemakomisheni akakwirira – homwe yacho haitengi midziyo zvakananga, asi kuburikidza nekutenga kweETFs dzekunze, iyo muridzi wayo anodiwawo kubhadhara makomisheni. Icho chinopera matryoshka “homwe muhomwe”, uye mari, senguva dzose, inorara nemutengi. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti hazvitombokodzeri kuve neakaundi yebrokerage yekudyara muEternal Portfolio kubva kuTinkoff. Nekuda kwemutengo wakaderera wemasheya – 6 rubles chete, Tinkoff inopa kuisa mari kuburikidza ne “piggy bank” sevhisi kune Tinkoff debit kadhi. Mutengo webasa ndeye 1 ruble, hapana komisheni yekutsinhana. Zvinogoneka kuchengetedza nekutenderedza mari, kuendesa mari yekudzoserwa pakadhi kana kufarira pasara.

Kune varidzi vemaakaundi ebrokerage, rudzi urwu rweETF, kunyange rwuri nyore, rwakanyanya kudhura. Zviri nani kutora nguva shoma uye kuvaka ETF portfolio uri wega. Kwenguva yemakore makumi maviri, kunyange asina kukosha 0.01-0.05% makomisheni anoshanduka kuita mari inobatika.

Paunenge uchisarudza ETF inonyanya kuvimbisa, iwe unofanirwa kuedza kufunga zvakanyanya pasi rose. Mibairo yekudyara yemakore maviri apfuura haivimbisi kubudirira kwakafanana mune ramangwana. Kudyara mari mumastock kwakaratidza kukura nekukurumidza kunogona kuve kusingabatsire mumakore mashoma anotevera. Sector inogona kunge yakanyanyisa kupisa uye wozotora zororo. Kuisa mari muindex yakafara kunobatsira zvakanyanya nekuti kuumbwa kweiyo index kunogara kuchichinja. Makambani asina simba anotsiviwa neakasimba. Mazhinji makambani akabatanidzwa mu SP500 index akanga asisiri pamusika makore gumi apfuura, asi maitiro eiyo index haana kutambura neizvi. Iwe unofanirwa kuedza kufunga zvakanyanya pasi rose, kwete kutarisa maitiro aripo ehomwe, edza kusarudza mashoma ane njodzi uye akawanda akasiyana mhinduro. Taona maETF anonyanya kuvimbisa mukirasi yega yega yeasset, uko investor anoda kuisa mari inofanira kugoverwa kune imwe neimwe yezvikamu zvake. Zvinokurudzirwa kutevedzera zviyero zvinotevera:

• Chikamu che40% chepotfolio chakagoverwa kutenga mashares . Nekusiyanisa, masheya anokamurwa nenyika uye indasitiri. Mhando yega yega yeETF inopihwa mugove wakaenzana mukati meboka iri;
• 30% – zvisungo . Izvi zvichaderedza kudzoka kwese kwepodfolio, asi panguva imwe chete kuderedza kusagadzikana kweakaundi yebrokerage. Chii chichabata zvakanaka hurongwa hwematsinga hwemudyari munguva dzakaoma;
• 10% yepodfolio – mari mugoridhe . Conditionally inodzivirira chikamu chepodfolio. Zvichida gare gare chikamu ichi chepodfolio chinogona kutsiviwa nekudyara mu cryptocurrencies;
• 20% – nzvimbo dzinovimbisa – high-tech stocks, mari mumakambani e “green” ekuvimbisa kukura nokukurumidza.

ETF gwara – 15 mibvunzo mikuru: chii ETF mari, inoshanda sei, maitiro ekuita mari pairi: https://youtu.be/I-2aJ3PUzCE Kuisa mari muETFs kunoreva kugara uye kwenguva refu. Zviri nyore kuzadza iyo portfolio mwedzi wega wega – iyo inozivikanwa postulate “zvibhadhare iwe kutanga.” Paunenge uchizadza, iwe unofanirwa kuomerera kune yakasarudzwa zano, cherechedza huwandu hwezvinhu. Zvimwe zvinhu zvichadonha mumutengo, nepo mugove wavo mupotfolio uchaderera. Zvimwe zvinhu zvichakura mukukosha, mugove wavo uchakura. Iwe haufanirwe kuedza nekuchenjerera kuchengetedza zviyero – kutsauka kwe5-10% kuri mukati meyakajairika renji. Pane nzira mbiri dzekuchengetedza chiyero – kutengesa midziyo yakakwira mutengo uye kutenga iyo yakasaririra. Kana kungotenga avo vari kusarira kumashure nekuda kwekuzadzazve. Usatengese kusvika zvinangwa zvekudyara zvazadzikiswa. Ndeipi yeiyi nzira mbiri inosarudzwa haina kunyanya kukosha. Zvakakosha kusarudza nzira yekutsvaga mari yekuitevera. Nekugara uchitenga zvakare kumashure uye kutengesa midziyo yakaratidza kukura, investor anogara achitenga pasi uye anotengesa kumusoro. Panguva imwecheteyo, haazogadziri mitengo yakanakisisa, asi paavhareji podfolio icharatidza maitiro akanaka kwenguva yakareba, uye ichi ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kukosha.