Exchange Traded ETF Fund – Ebika, Ensimbi eziteekebwamu, Amagoba

Exchange-traded ETF fund – kiki mu bigambo ebyangu ebikwata ku kizibu.ETFs (exchange-traded funds) ngeri ya kuteeka ssente mu kibiina. Bw’ogula omugabo mu nsawo ng’eyo ku 4,000 zokka, ofuuka nnannyini mugabo omutono ogw’emigabo mu kkampuni nga Microsoft, Apple, MasterCard, Tesla, Facebook, Google, McDonald’s n’endala nnyingi. Ensawo ya VTI esinga okukola ebintu eby’enjawulo erimu sitoowa ezisoba mu 3,900. Okuddamu enjawulo ng’ezo ku akawunti yaabwe, omusigansimbi ow’obwannannyini yandibadde yeetaaga kapito omungi ennyo. Ku inverter ezisinga obungi, diversification eno tebaawo. Waliwo ssente ezisuubulirwa mu kuwaanyisiganya omuwendo (index exchange-traded funds) ezikoppa ddala obutonde n’ebitundu by’emigabo egy’emiwendo gy’ensi yonna, ensimbi z’ebintu n’ebyuma eby’omuwendo, ETF za bondi n’ebikozesebwa mu katale k’ensimbi. Mu katale ka Amerika mulimu ssente ez’enjawulo ezisuubulirwa mu kuwaanyisiganya ssente ezisoba mu 100 ezissa mu nkola enkola ez’enjawulo. Okugeza nga,
Ray Dalio ” (okuteeka ssente mu sitoowa, bondi ne zaabu nga tewali bbalansi buli luvannyuma lwa kiseera), okuteeka ssente mu migabo gy’ekitundu ekigere eky’amawanga ag’enjawulo. Nga oyambibwako ekifo kya ETF, osobola okukung’aanya ekifo eky’enjawulo okusinziira ku makolero n’ensi ya bamusigansimbi ng’olina ssente entono ennyo. Waliwo ETF eziddukanyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obutakola (passively managed ETFs) ezigoberera ddala enkyukakyuka y’omuwendo oba ekintu eky’amaguzi, n’ensimbi eziddukanya emirimu, nga mu kino enyingiza n’okuggyayo bifugibwa abaddukanya. Ensimbi ezisinga okukozesebwa ze za ‘passive management’ – zirina ssente entono era enkyukakyuka zazo tezisinziira ku nsonga ya muntu.

Enjawulo wakati wa ETF ne mutual funds

Analog ya Russia eya ETF ye mutual fund (mutual investment fund). Wadde nga bifaanagana, waliwo enjawulo ezimu

1. ETF ezisinga ziddukanyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obutakola nga zirina enkola enzigule . Kino kiwa enkizo eri omusigansimbi, okuva bwe kiri nti kyeyoleka bulungi mu bikozesebwa mu bipimo ki ssente ze ziteekebwamu. Omusigansimbi asobola okukakasa nti bw’aba ateeka ssente mu ETFs olw’okufuna zaabu, ssente z’ateekamu zijja kuddamu ddala enkyukakyuka z’ekyuma eky’omuwendo.
2. Ensawo z’okusiga ensimbi ez’okwegatta ze nsawo z’okuddukanya emirimu . Ekiva mu by’ensimbi kisinziira nnyo ku bikolwa n’ensobi za maneja. Embeera entuufu eri nti dynamics ya mutual fund eba negativu mu katale k’ente akanywevu. Naye mu kugwa kw’akatale, mutual funds ziyinza okuba ennungi okusinga akatale.
3. ETFs zijja kukusobozesa okukung’aanya ekifo eky’enjawulo , okusinziira ku nsi, amakolero oba enkola.
4. ETF zisasula amagoba singa zisasulwa emigabo gya index gye zigoberera. Emirundi egisinga, amagoba gaddamu okuteekebwa ku kigero ekyasooka.
5. ETFs zisuubulirwa ku exchange , era omukozi w’akatale akuuma liquidity. Tekyetaagisa kutuukirira kkampuni eddukanya okugula. Kimala okuba ne brokerage account ne broker yenna alina layisinsi.
6. Akakiiko ka ETF ka wansi emirundi egiwerako bw’ogeraageranya ne mutual funds .

ETF – engeri y’okuteeka ssente mu nsimbi, obutafaananako mutual funds: https://youtu.be/I8yKqqO5Vdg…

Ebika bya ETF

ETF eziriwo zisobola okwawulwamu ebibinja bino wammanga:

1. Okusinziira ku nsi – ku katale k’emigabo mu Amerika waliwo ssente eziteeka ssente kumpi mu nsi zonna awali akatale k’emigabo. Waliwo ETF ez’enjawulo ku buli muwendo gw’eggwanga lino.
2. Okusinziira ku bitundu by’ebyenfuna – waliwo ETFs ez’ebitundu ebitongole eby’ebyenfuna, emigabo gy’ekitundu ekimu eky’ebyenfuna by’eggwanga eryogerwako gye gikuŋŋaanyizibwa. Omusigansimbi ayinza obutagula muwendo gwonna, wabula okuteeka ssente mu makolero agasuubiza gokka mu ndowooza ye.
3. Ku bikozesebwa mu by’ensimbi – ETFs zisobola okuweebwa ku sitoowa, bondi, ebikozesebwa mu katale k’ensimbi (bondi ez’ekiseera ekitono okutuuka ku myezi 3), ETF z’ensimbi, ETFs ez’ebyuma eby’omuwendo, ebintu eby’amakolero, ebizimbe.

ETF ku MICEX

Waliwo ETF ez’enjawulo ezisoba mu 1,500 ezisangibwa ku NYSE.
Moscow Exchange egaba olukalala olusingako obutono ennyo olwa ETFs eri bamusigansimbi aba Russia (etfs nnyingi zifunibwa okugulibwa eri bamusigansimbi abalina ebisaanyizo bokka). Mu kiseera kino, ETF ne BIF 128 ze ziri ku Moscow Exchange. Finex egaba ETF zino wammanga:

• FXRB – Index ya bondi z’amakampuni ga Russia eziwandiikiddwa mu rubles.
• FXRU – Index ya bondi z’amakampuni ga Russia eziwandiikiddwa mu ddoola.
• FXFA ye index ya bondi z’amakampuni agakola amagoba amangi ag’amawanga agaakulaakulana.
• FXIP – Bondi za gavumenti ya Amerika, nga zirina okukuuma ebbeeyi y’ebintu nga zirina okukuuma kwa ruble, ziwandiikibwa mu rubles.
• FXRD – bondi za ddoola ezikola amagoba amangi, ekipimo – Solactive USD Fallen Angel Issuer Capped Index.
• FXKZ – ensawo eno eteeka ssente mu migabo gya Kazakhstan.
• FXRL ye yinvesita mu muwendo gwa Russia ogwa RTS.
• FXDE ye yinvesita mu katale k’emigabo mu Girimaani.
• FXIT ye nsimbi eziteekebwa mu kitongole kya tekinologiya mu Amerika.
• FXUS ye yinvesita mu muwendo gwa SP500 mu Amerika.
• FXCN ye yinvesita mu katale k’emigabo mu China.
• FXWO ye yinvesita mu migabo gy’akatale k’ensi yonna, ekifo kyayo kirimu emigabo egisoba mu 500 okuva mu mawanga 7 agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna.
• FXRW ye yinvesita mu sitoowa za Amerika ezirina ssente ennyingi.
• FXIM ye yinvesita mu kitongole kya IT mu Amerika.
• FXES – emigabo gya kkampuni za Amerika mu kitongole ky’emizannyo ne eSports.
• FXRE ye yinvesita mu bitongole bya Amerika eby’okusiga ensimbi mu by’amayumba.
• FXEM – okuteeka ssente mu migabo gy’amawanga agakyakula (okuggyako China ne Buyindi).
• FXGD kwe kuteeka ssente mu zaabu.

Mu kiseera kino Finex ye kampuni yokka egaba ssente za ETF eri abasuubuzi b’e Russia.

Waliwo ebintu ebifaananako bwe bityo okuva mu Sberbank, VTB, BCS, Finam, Alfa Capital,
Tinkof Investments , Aton n’ebirala. Naye bonna ba BPIF. Kkampuni nnyingi eziddukanya zigaba ebintu ebifaanagana (ensawo eno egoberera omuwendo gw’akatale akagazi
SP500 ekiikirira Sberbank, Alfa Capital ne VTB). Enkyukakyuka kumpi zifaanagana, kyokka bamusigansimbi abaaguze emigabo gya Finex baafunamu katono olw’obusuulu obutono. Ekintu ekikwata ku ETF ku Moscow Exchange kwe kuba nti ssente za ETF za doola, era okusobola okugula ETF ng’eyo, rubles okuva ku akawunti zisooka kukyusibwa ne zifuuka ddoola. Waliwo etf eziwandiikibwa mu rubles (nga zirina hedge y’ensimbi), nga zizifuna yinvesita akuumibwa okuva ku kubuuka mu dollar okutuuka ku ruble exchange rate.

Ku mukutu osobola okumanyiira ensimbi zonna, laba ennyonyola ennyimpimpi n’ennyanjula y’ensawo. Omukutu si mulungi nnyo ku kunoonya ETF, kyetaagisa okusobola okunoonya nga okozesa parameter. ETF screener ajja kuyamba wano. Katukozese empeereza ya Fin-Plan RADAR. Empeereza eno ekusobozesa okwekenneenya akatale konna aka ETF aka Moscow Exchange ng’osengejja ssente okusinziira ku parameters. Nga olondawo ssente ezirina obukiiko obuli wansi wa 1% n’okuggyawo ebikoppeddwa, tewasigalawo ngeri nnyingi.

1. FXMM ye nsawo ya Amerika ekola ku katale k’ensimbi eteeka ssente mu bondi ennyimpi mu Amerika okumala emyezi 1-3.

Ensawo eno efaananako n’okutereka ssente ezisasulwa. Ekintu eky’enjawulo kiri nti giraafu yaayo layini engolokofu eragiddwa waggulu ku nkoona ya diguli 45.
Amagoba g’eggwanika lya Amerika mu kiseera kino gali ku bitundu 0.3% era amagoba g’amagoba si gagolokofu nga FXMM. Obugonvu bw’ekipimo ky’amagoba bukakasibwa okuyita mu kukuuma ssente. Omusigansimbi ateeka ssente mu nsawo rubles. Ba maneja bakyusa rubles ne bafuuka ddoola ne bagula bondi z’eggwanika nga zifuna amagoba ga bitundu 0.3%. Okugatta ku ekyo, maneja akola endagaano y’okuwanyisiganya ssente okusobola okukyusa ssente. Mu bukulu, kino kitegeeza nti ensawo etwala looni olw’okukonkona mu ddoola ku muwendo gwa 0.25% era n’eteeka ssente ezifunibwa ku ssente eziterekeddwa mu ruble ku muwendo gwa 4-5%. Mu kiseera kye kimu, ensawo efuna enyingiza ya bitundu 4% n’enjawulo mu miwendo gy’ensimbi olw’okukyusakyusa ssente (eyinza okuba ennungi n’embi). Kinajjukirwa nti newankubadde nga ekipande kituukiridde layini engolokofu okumala ekiseera ekiwanvu, waliwo okubuuka okw’ekiseera ekitono olw’ebiseera eby’obutaba na nsimbi (ddiiru ennene yagwawo, okukosa emiwendo). N’olwekyo, singa ekiseera ky’okuteeka ssente mu FXMM ETF kiba tekiwera mwezi gumu, kyandibadde kya magoba mangi okugaana okuteeka ssente ng’ezo.

2. BPIF RFI “VTB – Ensawo y’emigabo gy’amawanga agakyakula” (VTBE ETF) . Okusobola enjawulo, ka twongere eky’obugagga ekiteeka ssente mu nsi ezikyakula mu kifo kino.

Katulonde mu ETF screener eby’obugagga byonna ebiteeka ssente mu by’obugagga ebitabuddwa. Katussa essira ku vtbe etf. Ensawo eno eteeka ssente mu by’obugagga by’amawanga agakyakula nga bayita mu kugula etf ISHARES CORE MSCI EM okuva ebweru. Ensimbi eziteekebwa mu nsawo eno zijja kulaba nga waliwo enjawulo mu mawanga gonna. Mu kiseera kye kimu, akakiiko ka nsawo eno kali 0.71% zokka. Bw’oba ​​ogula ng’oyita mu broker wa VTB, tewali kakiiko ka kuwaanyisiganya ssente.

3. VTBH ETF nga . Kati, okukendeeza ku volatility ya portfolio, ka twongereko bond. VTBH ETF etuwa omukisa okuteeka ssente mu bondi za Amerika ezikola amagoba amangi. Okukola kino, ensawo esuubulirwa mu kukyusakyusa egula emigabo gya ETF ISHARES HIGH YIELD CORP BOND ey’ebweru.
4. DIVD ETF – ensawo esuubulirwa mu kuwaanyisiganya ssente egoberera omuwendo gwa sitoowa z’amagoba mu Russia. Omuwendo guno gulimu ebitundu 50% ku migabo egisinga obulungi egya Russian Federation mu ngeri: amagoba g’amagoba, okutebenkera kw’amagoba, omutindo gw’oyo agaba. Olw’okusasula amagoba n’omutindo gw’engeri za bizinensi, amagoba amangi okusinga akatale k’emigabo akagazi ge gasuubirwa (amagoba ga buli mwaka aga wakati okuva mu March 2007 okutuuka kati 15.6% okusinziira ku 9.52% ku katale k’emigabo akagazi)
5. Ku nsimbi eziteekebwa mu katale k’emigabo mu Amerika, TECH (eteeka ssente mu muwendo gwa US NASDAQ 100) okuva mu Tinkoff Investments ne FXUS , ekoppa enkyukakyuka mu katale k’emigabo mu Amerika akagazi SP500, ze zisinga okutuukirawo.
6. Okufaayo era kusaana TGRN ETF okuva mu Tinkoff Investments . Amakungula aga wakati buli mwaka gali ku mutendera gwa 22% buli mwaka. Ensawo eno eteeka ssente mu bakulembeze ba tekinologiya omuyonjo okwetoloola ensi yonna.
7. ETF FXRL ye nsawo ya index egoberera enkyukakyuka mu muwendo gwa Russia ogwa RTS. Okusinziira ku kuba nti RTS muwendo gwa ddoola, etf egaba obukuumi obumu okuva ku nkyukakyuka mu ssente. Nga ddoola ekula, omuwendo gwa RTS gukula nnyo okusinga ogwa MICEX. Amagoba agafunibwa gaddamu okuteekebwa mu migabo gya nsawo. Ensawo esasula omusolo ku magoba ga bitundu 10%.
8. Okukuuma ebbeeyi y’ebintu, olina okugattako zaabu etf, okugeza, FXGD . Akakiiko ka nsawo kali ku bitundu 0.45% byokka. Ensawo eno erondoola bbeeyi ya zaabu ow’omubiri ku katale k’ensi yonna mu butuufu nga bwe kisoboka, era ekusobozesa okwekuuma ebbeeyi y’ebintu okulinnya nga tolina musolo gwa VAT.
9. Era, weegendereze ETFs ezigoberera enkola ya All Weather/Perpetual Portfolio – etf opnw okuva mu Otkritie Broker oba TUSD ETF okuva mu Tinkoff Investments . Ensawo eno erina diversification munda, omusigansimbi teyeetaaga kwongera kufuba kwonna. Ba maneja bateeka ssente kyenkanyi mu sitoowa, bondi, zaabu. Etf opnw era eteeka ssente mu nsimbi za Amerika ez’okutunda ettaka n’amayumba.

Ekizibu kya ETF ng’ezo bwe busuulu bungi – ensawo tegula bintu butereevu, wabula ng’eyita mu kugula ETF ez’ebweru, nga n’obwannannyini bwetaagisa okusasula obusuulu. Kizuuka matryoshka “ensawo mu nsawo”, era ebisale, nga bulijjo, biri ku mukozesa. Kinaamanyibwa nti tekikwetaagisa wadde okuba ne akawunti ya brokerage okuteeka ssente mu Eternal Portfolio okuva mu Tinkoff. Olw’omuwendo omutono ogw’emigabo – rubles 6 zokka, Tinkoff ewaayo okuteeka ssente ng’eyita mu mpeereza ya “piggy bank” okutuuka ku kaadi ya Tinkoff ey’okusasula. Ebisale by’obuweereza biba 1 ruble, tewali kakiiko ka kuwaanyisiganya. Kisoboka okukekkereza ng’ozingulula ensaasaanya, okukyusa cashback ku kaadi oba amagoba ku bbalansi.

Ku bannannyini akawunti za brokerage, ekika kya ETF kino wadde nga kyangu nnyo, kya bbeeyi nnyo. Kirungi okutwala akaseera katono n’ozimba ekifo kya ETF ku bubwo. Mu bbanga ery’emyaka 20, n’obusuulu obutali bukulu 0.01-0.05% bufuuka ssente ezirabika.

Bw’oba ​​olondawo ETF ezisinga okusuubiza, olina okugezaako okulowooza ennyo mu nsi yonna. Ebyava mu kusiga ensimbi mu myaka ebiri egiyise tebikakasa buwanguzi bwe bumu mu biseera eby’omu maaso. Ensimbi eziteekebwa mu sitoowa eziraze okukula okw’amangu ziyinza okufuuka ezitaliimu magoba mu myaka mitono egijja. Sektori eyinza okubuguma ennyo n’oluvannyuma n’ewummulamu. Okuteeka ssente mu muwendo omugazi kivaamu amagoba mangi kubanga ensengeka y’omuwendo guno ekyukakyuka buli kiseera. Kkampuni enafu zikyusibwamu ez’amaanyi. Kkampuni nnyingi ezaali mu muwendo gwa SP500 zaali tezakyali ku katale emyaka 10 egiyise, naye enkyukakyuka mu muwendo guno tezaaliko buzibu kino. Olina okufuba okulowooza ennyo mu nsi yonna, so si kutunuulira nkyukakyuka mu nsawo eriwo kati, okugezaako okulonda eby’okugonjoola ebitali bya bulabe nnyo era eby’enjawulo. Nga bamaze okuzuula ETF ezisinga okusuubiza mu buli kiraasi y’eby’obugagga, omusigansimbi w’ayagala okuteeka ssente zirina okuweebwa ku buli migabo gye. Kirungi okugoberera ebipimo bino wammanga:

• Ebitundu 40% ku portfolio biweebwa okugula emigabo . Ku lw’okugaziya, sitokisi zigabanyizibwamu okusinziira ku nsi n’amakolero. Buli kika kya ETF kiweebwa omugabo ogw’enkanankana mu kibinja kino;
• 30% – bondi . Kino kijja kukendeeza ku kuddizibwa okutwalira awamu okw’ekifo, naye mu kiseera kye kimu kijja kukendeeza ku kukyukakyuka kwa akawunti ya brokerage. Kiki ekijja okukosa obulungi enkola y’obusimu bwa yinvesita mu biseera ebizibu;
• 10% ku portfolio – okuteeka ssente mu zaabu . Ekitundu ekikuuma obukwakkulizo ku portfolio. Mpozzi oluvannyuma ekitundu kino eky’ekifo kisobola okukyusibwamu okuteeka ssente mu ssente za crypto;
• 20% – ebitundu ebisuubiza – sitoowa za tekinologiya ow’awaggulu, okuteeka ssente mu kkampuni “eza kiragala” olw’okusuubiza okukulaakulana okw’amangu.

ETF guide – Ebibuuzo ebikulu 15: ssente za ETF ze ziruwa, zikola zitya, engeri y’okuzikolamu ssente: https://youtu.be/I-2aJ3PUzCE Okuteeka ssente mu ETFs kitegeeza okubeera bulijjo n’okumala ebbanga eddene. Kirungi okujjuza ekifo buli mwezi – endowooza emanyiddwa ennyo “sooka weesasule.” Bw’oba ​​ojjuza, olina okugoberera enkola gy’olonze, weetegereze ebitundu by’eby’obugagga. Eby’obugagga ebimu bijja kugwa mu bbeeyi, ate omugabo gwabyo mu kifo kino gujja kukendeera. Eby’obugagga ebirala bijja kukula mu muwendo, omugabo gwabyo gujja kukula. Tolina kugezaako nnyo kukuuma bipimo – okukyama kwa 5-10% kuli mu bbanga erya bulijjo. Waliwo engeri bbiri ez’okukuuma ebipimo – okutunda eby’obugagga ebirinnye mu bbeeyi n’okugula ebyo ebisigadde emabega. Oba okumala okugula abo abasigadde emabega olw’okujjuza. Totunda okutuusa ng’ebigendererwa by’okusiga ensimbi bituukiddwaako. Enkola ki ku zino ebbiri elonda si nkulu nnyo. Kikulu okulonda enkola y’okusiga ensimbi okugigoberera. Olw’okuddamu okugula buli kiseera eby’okudda emabega n’okutunda eby’obugagga ebiraze okukula, bulijjo yinvesita agula wansi ate n’atunda waggulu. Mu kiseera kye kimu, tajja kusalawo miwendo egisinga okubeera ennungi, naye ku kigero ekifo kijja kulaga enkyukakyuka ennungi okumala ekiseera ekiwanvu, era kino kye kintu ekisinga obukulu.