Ninde Ray Dalio, ubuzima nakazi, amahame shingiro ye mugushora imari
Ray Dalio numwe mubantu bakize cyane kwisi. Ntabwo azwiho gusa ubushobozi bwo kubona inyungu, ahubwo azwiho uburyo bwihariye bwo gukora ubucuruzi. Uyu mugabo yavukiye mu muryango wumucuranzi wa jazz i New York mu 1949. Yamenyekanye ku mpapuro zifite agaciro afite imyaka 12. Muri iki gihe, yaguze umugabane we wa mbere. Umwangavu yakoraga amasaha make muri club ya golf kandi ahora yumva ibiganiro bijyanye ninsanganyamatsiko. Yizigamiye amadorari 300 arayakoresha mu kugura imigabane muri Northwest Airlines. Iyo yahisemo, yayoborwaga n’amategeko abiri:
Amaze imyaka itatu atagira icyo akora kidasanzwe. Isosiyete yatanze noneho yakiriye igitekerezo cyo guhuza, nyuma igiciro cyimigabane kiva ku madolari 300 kigera ku madolari 900. Ibi byeretse umusore Ray Dalio ko bishoboka kubona amafaranga meza kumasoko yimigabane, kandi ibi byanagennye inzira yubuzima bwe kuri byinshi. No mu busore bwe, umushoramari ukomeye uzaza yemeye ubwe nk’ihame nyamukuru ry’ibikorwa gukenera guca imanza zigenga, gushaka ukuri n’ubwenge bwe. Mubuzima bwe bwose, azatekereza kugira ibitekerezo bifunguye, ubushake bwo kwakira ibitekerezo bishya kumurimo, icyangombwa kugirango umuntu atsinde mubucuruzi. Mu 1971, yatangiye amasomo ye mu ishuri ry’ubucuruzi rya Harvard. Muri icyo gihe, yakoraga nk’umwanditsi mu Isoko ry’imigabane rya New York. Yakoraga ubucuruzi mu migabane, amafaranga, ndetse no kohereza ibicuruzwa. Iyanyuma yabaye mugihe cyo kwimenyereza umwuga numwe mubayobozi ba Merrill Lynch. Muri kiriya gihe, ibikorwa byo kungurana ibitekerezo ntibyari bikunzwe kandi benshi babonaga ko bidahwitse. Mu 1974, Ray Dalio yabaye umuyobozi w’ibicuruzwa muri Dominick & Dominick LLC, bidatinze akomeza gukora nk’umuhuza n’umucuruzi muri Shearson Hayden Stone. Amaze kugenda mu 1975, yamenye ko afite ubumenyi n’uburambe bihagije kugira ngo atangire ubucuruzi bwe – Bridgewater Associate. Kugeza ubu, yari amaze kubona MBA mu ishuri ry’ubucuruzi rya Harvard. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_3511” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “492”] Mu 1974, Ray Dalio yabaye umuyobozi w’ibicuruzwa muri Dominick & Dominick LLC, bidatinze akomeza gukora nk’umuhuza n’umucuruzi muri Shearson Hayden Stone. Amaze kugenda mu 1975, yamenye ko afite ubumenyi n’uburambe bihagije kugira ngo atangire ubucuruzi bwe – Bridgewater Associate. Kugeza ubu, yari amaze kubona MBA mu ishuri ry’ubucuruzi rya Harvard. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_3511” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “492”] Mu 1974, Ray Dalio yabaye umuyobozi w’ibicuruzwa muri Dominick & Dominick LLC, bidatinze akomeza gukora nk’umuhuza n’umucuruzi muri Shearson Hayden Stone. Amaze kugenda mu 1975, yamenye ko afite ubumenyi n’uburambe bihagije kugira ngo atangire ubucuruzi bwe – Bridgewater Associate. Kugeza ubu, yari amaze kubona MBA mu ishuri ry’ubucuruzi rya Harvard. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_3511” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “492”] Icyicaro gikuru cya Bridgewater Associate [/ caption] Iki kigo kiracyatera imbere, kiba kimwe mu bigega binini bikingira isi. Muri 2018, isosiyete yacungaga umutungo wa miliyari 160 z’amadolari. Muri kiriya gihe, umutungo bwite wa Ray Dalio warenze miliyari 18 z’amadolari. Ubwa mbere, iyi sosiyete yagize ibihe bigoye. Dalio yagombaga kwirukana abakozi bose agasaba se amadorari 4000 kugirango yishyure imyenda ye. Nyuma yo gutangira nabi, umushoramari yongeye gutekereza ku buzima kandi yaje gukenera gukurikiza amahame amwe.
Impamvu yibibazo bye mubyiciro byambere, abona icyifuzo cyo kwibona neza mubihe byose. Mu bihe biri imbere, nk’uko abivuga: “Nahinduye umunezero wo kuba umukiranutsi kubera umunezero wo gusobanukirwa ukuri.” Umubano mwiza mu itsinda ugamije kureba ko buri wese agaragaza imbaraga ze, kandi igitekerezo cyiza kitsinda, utitaye kubabigaragaje.
Umushoramari aha agaciro gakomeye ko gutekereza. Yizera ko gutungana mu mwuka ari ishingiro ryo gutsinda mu bucuruzi. Kuri we, gutekereza kumuha imbaraga zirenze ibitotsi, biteza imbere uburyo bwo guhanga ubuzima nakazi.
Ray Dalio uburyo bwo gushora imari
Umushoramari ukomeye yashyize mu bikorwa isosiyete ye amahame yihariye yamufashaga kugera ku ntsinzi yuyu munsi kandi agakomeza gukoreshwa muri iki gihe. Kimwe mubyingenzi abona ko gufungura. Ray Dalio agerageza kwemeza ko abakozi be bafite amakuru afatika kubyerekeye uko ibintu byifashe kandi bashobora kwigenga bagena imyifatire yabo muri sosiyete. Icyibandwaho ni ugutezimbere umubano hagati y abakozi muri sosiyete, gushiraho no guteza imbere umuco wihariye wibigo. Mugihe ufata ibyemezo, ni ngombwa gutekereza ko ibyabaye akenshi bidasanzwe. Ibintu nkibi byabayeho kera, kandi hariho amasomo tugomba kubigiraho. Kubyiga, urashobora kumenya imiterere ishobora kuba ishingiro ryo gufata ibyemezo mubihe runaka. Isosiyete ikoresha uburyo butatu bwo gushora imari mu micungire y’umutungo: Alpha Yera, Isoko Rikomeye rya Alpha n’Ibihe Byose. Icya nyuma muri byo, ibihe byose byigihembwe, birimo igice kinini cyumutungo. Inshingano za Ray Dalio zigizwe n’ibice bikurikira:
40% by’inguzanyo z’igihe kirekire;
15% inguzanyo zigihe giciriritse;
30% by’imigabane y’ibigo bitandukanye;
7.5% zahabu;
7.5% ibicuruzwa byubwoko butandukanye.
Iyo ucunga portfolio, Dalio akoresha ihame ryo kugereranya nibintu bisa mubihe byashize, agerageza gukoresha ingamba zimaze kuzana intsinzi. Mubikorwa, iyi portfolio yerekanye ibisubizo byiza mumyaka. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_3509” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “1004”] Igifuniko cya kimwe mu bitabo bizwi cyane byanditswe na Rey Dalio “ihungabana rikomeye” [/ caption] Birashimishije ko iyo usesenguye imikorere yingamba nkizo, hasuzumwe ibihe bitandukanye ku isoko ryimigabane maze hakorwa ibarwa ikwiye. Kurugero, mugihe cya 1929, portfolio yatakaje 20% gusa, ariko hanyuma ikishyura iyi ngaruka. Twabibutsa kandi ko kubijyanye ninyungu, muri 2008-2017, yarenze igipimo cya S&P mubijyanye ninyungu. Amahame ya Ray Dalio yo gutsinda (muminota 30): https://youtu.be/vKXk2Yhm58o Amasoko manini ya Alpha Yera yibanze cyane kumitungo myinshi. Amasoko akura mubisanzwe birindwa hano. Birasa cyane muburyo bwimiterere yikirere cyose. Alpha Yera ugereranije nisoko ryiza rya Alpha Isoko rikuru ryita cyane kumasoko agaragara, ariko imiterere itandukanye na yo. Kugaruka kwa Alpha kwari 12% kugeza muri 2019, ariko byatakaje 7,6% muri 2020. Ray Dalio yavuze ko inshingano zashyizweho hitezwe ko ubukungu bw’isi buzakomeza kubaho. Kubera ibibazo biterwa n’icyorezo, umushoramari yatangiye kwita cyane ku mpapuro zizewe. Mu biganiro bye, Ray Dalio avuga ku myitwarire ye mu buzima no mu bucuruzi:
Avuga ko afite amatsiko no kwihanganira ibintu nk’impamvu nyamukuru yo gutsinda . Gukora ikintu gishya, agerageza kubyumva no kwiga gukorana nabyo.
Yise formulaire yo gutsinda guhuza inzozi no gusuzuma neza uko ibintu bimeze . Yibwira kandi ko ari ngombwa mugihe ububabare cyangwa gutsindwa bibaye kugirango ubashe gutsinda ikibazo ushakisha inzira iboneye yo gusesengura uko ibintu bimeze.
Iyo aha akazi abakozi, arasaba ko yitondera indangagaciro, ubushobozi n’ubuhanga . Guhitamo itsinda ryiza, urashobora kwemeza ko abakozi bamwe buzuza abandi, bagize itsinda ryuzuye.
Gufata ibyemezo bigomba kwirinda demokarasi n’ubutegetsi . Mu rubanza rwa mbere, hafatwa ko igitekerezo cya buriwese gifite agaciro kamwe, ariko mubyukuri siko bimeze. Iya kabiri yerekana ko umuyobozi wenyine azi ibisubizo byibibazo byose. Kuri Dalio, ibyemezo bifatirwa hamwe, ariko ibitekerezo byabantu bamaze kwigaragaza mbere bifite uburemere bwinshi.
Kunegura birashishikarizwa muri firime. Ibi birakenewe kugirango habeho umwuka wo gufungura no gushiraho umwuka wo guhanga cyane mugihe ufata ibyemezo.
Isubiramo ry’ibitabo by Ray Dalio
Umushoramari yagaragaje imyumvire ye ku buzima n’amategeko yo gukora ubucuruzi mu gitabo “Amahame. Ubuzima nakazi. Ray Dalio abona ishingiro ryo gutsinda muburyo bwiza bwo kumenya ukuri. Ni ngombwa kugerageza kumubona uwo ari we, kandi ntukureho ibyifuzo byawe nkukuri. Kugirango ubigereho, hagomba kwitabwaho bihagije kubibazo bikurikira:
Ray Dalio ashimangira ubwigenge bwibitekerezo. Yizera ko igitekerezo cyemewe na benshi atari ko buri gihe ari ukuri. Kwifatira ibyemezo birashoboka cyane ko bigenda neza. Niba igitekerezo cy’umuntu kivuguruza icyemewe muri rusange, ibi ntibitanga impamvu yo kubireka nta mpamvu zihagije.
Mu guharanira ubwigenge mubitekerezo, umuntu ntagomba kwibagirwa ko igitekerezo cye atari ko buri gihe gitanga icyizere. Ni ngombwa gushobora kwakira igitekerezo cyabandi, niba arukuri.
Dalio yemera ko ubuzima bwose bugizwe no guhora dufata ibyemezo bitandukanye. Yakusanyije amakuru ajyanye n’ibipimo bikurikizwa kuri ibi, ibyo yita amahame. Amaze kumenya no guteza imbere aya mategeko, yarayamenyereye kandi ayashyira mu bikorwa muri sosiyete ye. Birakenewe guhora twiga, ntuzigere ubihagarika. Ray Dalio avuga ko yiga ubuzima bwe bwose kandi ko afite intego yo gukomeza kubikora. Igitabo kirasobanura amahame yacyo ibisobanuro birambuye. Ibi bituma abasomyi bahitamo uburyo bubereye ubuzima bwabo nakazi kabo. Mu gitabo gikurikira, “Amahame yo gutsinda,” umwanditsi akomeje kuvuga ku bitekerezo bye ku isi n’ibiranga gukora ubucuruzi. Iyuzuza igitabo cya mbere, igufasha kumva neza ingamba zubuzima nubucuruzi bwumushoramari. Igitabo gishya cyanditswe na Ray Dalio cyeguriwe gutekereza ku mibereho y’isi ya none. Yitwa Ukuntu gahunda yisi ihinduka. Kuki ibihugu byatsinze bikananirana. Nk’uko umwanditsi abivuga, yashishikarijwe kwandika igitabo ku mpamvu zikurikira:
Igitabo kizwi cyane cya Ray Dalio “Amadeni manini Crises Gukemura Amahame” – gukuramo no gusoma igice cyakuwe mu gitabo: Amadeni manini yo guhangana n’amahame yo guhangana na Ray Dalio – Amadeni manini aturuka hafi yunamye, gusuzuma igitabo: https://youtu.be/xaPNbYkOT- 4 Umushoramari atekereza uko ibintu bimeze ubu nkibyabaye mugihe cya 1930-1945. Yasesenguye ibintu bisa mu mateka y’isi kandi agena uburyo bw’iterambere bugenga amateka y’ibihugu byateye imbere. Bitewe no gusuzuma mu buryo burambuye amateka y’abantu mu bihe bitandukanye, agera ku bitekerezo bimwe na bimwe bijyanye n’ibizategereza ikiremwamuntu mu myaka icumi iri imbere.
