Wanene Ray Dalio, tarihin rayuwa, salo da ka’idodin saka hannun jari

Ray Dalio, ɗan kasuwan hamshakin attajirin ɗan Amurka ne mai kula da asusun shinge na Bridgewater Associates.

Wanene Ray Dalio, rayuwa da aiki, ka’idodinsa na asali a cikin zuba jari

Ray Dalio yana daya daga cikin mafi arziki a duniya a yau. An san shi ba kawai don iya samun riba ba, har ma da tsarinsa na musamman na kasuwanci. An haifi wannan mutumin a cikin dangin mawaƙin jazz a New York a cikin 1949. An gabatar da shi ga asusun tsaro yana da shekaru 12. A wannan lokacin, ya sayi kaso na farko. Matashin ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa kuma yana jin tattaunawa da ke da alaƙa da batutuwan musayar hannun jari. Ya tanadi dala 300 kuma ya yi amfani da ita wajen siyan haja a kamfanin jiragen sama na Arewa maso Gabas. Lokacin zabar, dokoki biyu ne suka jagorance shi:

1. Dole ne ya zama kamfani mai suna.
2. Darajar kashi ɗaya ba zai iya wuce $5 ba.

Tsawon shekaru uku bai dauki wani mataki na musamman ba. Daga nan sai kamfanin da ya bayar ya sami tayin hadakar, bayan da farashin hannun jari ya tashi daga dala 300 zuwa sama da dala 900. Wannan ya nuna wa matashin Ray Dalio cewa yana yiwuwa a sami kudi mai kyau a cikin kasuwar tsaro, kuma wannan ya kara ƙayyade hanyar rayuwarsa zuwa babban matsayi. Ko da a cikin ƙuruciyarsa, babban mai saka jari na gaba ya yarda da kansa a matsayin babban ka’idar aiki da buƙatar yin hukunci mai zaman kansa, don neman gaskiya da tunaninsa. A cikin aikinsa, zai yi la’akari da samun buɗaɗɗen hankali, shirye-shiryen karɓar sababbin ra’ayoyin don aiki, abin da ake bukata don cin nasara a kasuwanci. A 1971, ya fara karatunsa a Harvard Business School. A wannan lokacin, ya yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda a New York Stock Exchange. Ya shagaltu da cinikin hannun jari, kuɗaɗe, da kuma jigilar kayayyaki. A karshen ya faru a lokacin horon tare da daya daga cikin darektan Merrill Lynch. A wancan lokacin, ayyukan musayar ba su da farin jini kuma mutane da yawa sun ɗauka cewa bai dace ba. A cikin 1974, Ray Dalio ya zama darektan kayayyaki a Dominick & Dominick LLC, nan da nan ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin dillali da ciniki a Shearson Hayden Stone. Bayan ya tafi a 1975, ya gane cewa ya tara isassun ilimi da gogewa don fara kasuwancinsa – Bridgewater Associate. A wannan lokacin, ya riga ya sami MBA daga Makarantar Kasuwancin Harvard. [taken magana id = “abin da aka makala_3511” align = “aligncenter” nisa = “492”] A cikin 1974, Ray Dalio ya zama darektan kayayyaki a Dominick & Dominick LLC, nan da nan ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin dillali da ciniki a Shearson Hayden Stone. Bayan ya tafi a 1975, ya gane cewa ya tara isassun ilimi da gogewa don fara kasuwancinsa – Bridgewater Associate. A wannan lokacin, ya riga ya sami MBA daga Makarantar Kasuwancin Harvard. [taken magana id = “abin da aka makala_3511” align = “aligncenter” nisa = “492”] A cikin 1974, Ray Dalio ya zama darektan kayayyaki a Dominick & Dominick LLC, nan da nan ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin dillali da ciniki a Shearson Hayden Stone. Bayan ya tafi a 1975, ya gane cewa ya tara isassun ilimi da gogewa don fara kasuwancinsa – Bridgewater Associate. A wannan lokacin, ya riga ya sami MBA daga Makarantar Kasuwancin Harvard. [taken magana id = “abin da aka makala_3511” align = “aligncenter” nisa = “492”]
Hedkwatar Bridgewater Associate [/ taken magana] Wannan kamfani har yanzu yana haɓaka, yana zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan kuɗaɗen shinge a duniya. A cikin 2018, kamfanin ya gudanar da kadarorin dala biliyan 160. A wannan lokacin, dukiyar da Ray Dalio ya mallaka ya zarce dala biliyan 18. Da farko, wannan kamfani yana da lokuta masu wahala. Dalio ya kori dukkan ma’aikatansa kuma ya nemi mahaifinsa $4,000 don biyan bashin da yake bi. Bayan mummunan farawa, mai saka jari ya sake tunani game da halinsa zuwa rayuwa kuma ya zo ga bukatar bin wasu ƙa’idodi.

Dalilin matsalolinsa a matakin farko, yana ganin sha’awar ganin kansa a kowane hali. A nan gaba, kamar yadda ya ce: “Na canza farin cikin kasancewa daidai don farin cikin fahimtar gaskiya.” Abokan kirki a cikin ƙungiyar suna nufin tabbatar da cewa kowa ya nuna ƙarfinsa, kuma mafi kyawun ra’ayi ya yi nasara, ba tare da la’akari da wanda ya bayyana ba.

Mai saka jari yana ba da mahimmanci ga tunani. Ya yi imanin cewa kamala ta ruhaniya ita ce ginshiƙin samun nasarar kasuwanci. A cikin ra’ayinsa, tunani yana ba shi ƙarfi fiye da barci, yana inganta yanayin rayuwa da aiki.

Salon saka hannun jari na Ray Dalio

Babban mai saka hannun jari ya aiwatar da ka’idoji na musamman a cikin kamfanin wanda ya taimaka masa ya cimma nasarar yau kuma ya ci gaba da amfani da shi a yau. Daya daga cikin manyan ya la’akari da budewa. Ray Dalio yayi ƙoƙari don tabbatar da cewa ma’aikatansa suna da cikakken bayani game da halin da ake ciki kuma suna iya ƙayyade halinsu ga kamfanin.
An mayar da hankali kan inganta alaƙa tsakanin ma’aikata a cikin kamfani, ƙirƙira da haɓaka al’adun kamfanoni na musamman. Lokacin yanke shawara, yana da mahimmanci a yi la’akari da cewa abubuwan da suka faru sau da yawa ba na musamman ba ne. Irin waɗannan abubuwa sun faru a baya, kuma akwai darussa da za mu koya daga gare su. Ta yin nazarin su, za ku iya ƙayyade alamu waɗanda za su iya zama tushen yanke shawara a cikin wani yanayi. Kamfanin yana amfani da fayil ɗin saka hannun jari guda uku don sarrafa kadara: Pure Alpha, Manyan Kasuwannin Alpha da Duk Weather. Na ƙarshe daga cikinsu, babban fayil na duk lokacin, ya haɗa da yawancin kadarorin. Fayil ɗin Ray Dalio ta ƙunshi sassa masu zuwa:

1. 40% na dogon lokaci shaidu;
2. 15% amintattun bashi na matsakaici;
3. 30% hannun jari na kamfanoni daban-daban;
4. 7.5% zinariya;
5. 7.5% kayayyaki iri-iri.

Lokacin sarrafa fayil, Dalio yana amfani da ƙa’idar kwatanci tare da irin wannan yanayi a baya, yana ƙoƙarin yin amfani da dabarun da suka riga sun kawo nasara. A aikace, wannan fayil ɗin ya nuna sakamako mai kyau tsawon shekaru. [taken magana id = “abin da aka makala_3509” align = “aligncenter” nisa = “1004”]
Murfin ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun littattafan Rey Dalio “babban rikicin bashi” [/ taken magana] Yana da ban sha’awa cewa lokacin da ake nazarin tasirin irin wannan dabarun, an yi la’akari da yanayi daban-daban a cikin kasuwar hannun jari kuma an yi lissafin da ya dace. Alal misali, a cikin rikicin na 1929, fayil ɗin zai rasa kashi 20 kawai, amma sai ya rama wannan raguwa. Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura cewa dangane da riba, a lokacin 2008-2017, ya wuce S & P index game da riba. Ka’idodin Ray Dalio don Nasara (a cikin mintuna 30): https://youtu.be/vKXk2Yhm58o Manyan Kasuwannin Alfa masu tsafta sun ƙara mai da hankali kan ƙarin kadarorin ruwa. Ana gujewa kasuwanni masu tasowa a nan. Yayi kama da tsari da jakar duk wani yanayi. Alpha mai tsafta idan aka kwatanta da Manyan Kasuwannin Alfa masu tsafta suna ba da kulawa sosai ga kasuwanni masu tasowa, amma tsarin ya bambanta kadan daga gare ta. Komawar Alpha mai tsabta ya kasance 12% har zuwa 2019, amma ya yi asarar kashi 7.6% a cikin 2020. Ray Dalio ya ce, an kirkiro wadannan ma’aikatun tare da fatan ci gaba da bunkasar tattalin arzikin duniya. Saboda matsalolin da ke haifar da cutar, mai saka hannun jari ya fara mai da hankali sosai ga amintattun amintattu. A cikin tambayoyinsa, Ray Dalio yayi magana game da halinsa ga rayuwa da kasuwanci:

1. Ya bayyana sha’awarsa da sha’awar sha’awa a matsayin babban dalilin nasararsa . Yin sabon abu, yana ƙoƙarin fahimtar shi kuma ya koyi yadda ake aiki da shi.
2. Ya kira dabarar nasara hadewar mafarki da kima mai kyau na ainihin halin da ake ciki . Har ila yau, yana la’akari da mahimmanci lokacin da ciwo ko gazawar ya faru don samun damar shawo kan matsalar ta hanyar gano hanyar da ta dace a sakamakon nazarin yanayin.
3. Lokacin daukar ma’aikata, yana ba da shawarar kula da dabi’unsa, iyawa da basirarsa . Zaɓin ƙungiyar da ta dace, za ku iya tabbatar da cewa wasu ma’aikata sun cika wasu, suna yin cikakkiyar ƙungiya.
4. Ya kamata yanke hukunci ya kauce wa dimokradiyya da mulkin kama-karya . A cikin shari’ar farko, ana tsammanin cewa ra’ayin kowa yana da mahimmanci daidai, amma a gaskiya wannan ba haka bane. Na biyu yana nufin cewa shugaba ne kaɗai ya san amsoshin duk tambayoyin. A Dalio, an yanke shawara tare, amma ra’ayoyin mutanen da suka riga sun tabbatar da kansu a baya sun fi nauyi.

Ana ƙarfafa zargi a cikin kamfani. Wannan wajibi ne don ƙirƙirar yanayi na buɗewa da kuma haifar da mafi kyawun yanayi yayin yanke shawara.

Sharhin Littafin Ray Dalio

Mai saka jari ya bayyana fahimtarsa ​​game da rayuwa da ka’idojin yin kasuwanci a cikin littafin “Ka’idoji. Rayuwa da aiki. Ray Dalio yana ganin tushen samun nasara a daidai fahimtar gaskiya. Yana da mahimmanci a yi ƙoƙarin ganin ta don ainihin ita ce, kuma kada ku bar abin da kuke so a matsayin gaskiya. Don cimma wannan, dole ne a ba da cikakkiyar kulawa ga batutuwa masu zuwa:

1. Da farko kana buƙatar ƙayyade ainihin abin da sha’awar suke. Wannan wajibi ne don a nan gaba za a iya fahimtar daidai abin da ya dace da su da abin da ba haka ba.
2. Wajibi ne a tantance waɗanne haƙiƙanin gaskiya ne ke da tasiri mafi girma wajen cimma manufofin. Kuna buƙatar yin nazarin su akai-akai don sanin: abin da zai iya taimakawa, menene cikas, yadda suke aiki.
3. Ray Dalio ya jaddada ‘yancin kai na tunani. Ya yi imanin cewa ra’ayin da mafiya rinjaye ba koyaushe gaskiya ba ne. Hukunce-hukuncen da suka yi da kansu sun fi samun nasara. Idan ra’ayin mutum ya saba wa wanda aka yarda da shi gaba daya, wannan baya bayar da dalilin yin watsi da shi ba tare da isassun dalilai ba.
4. A cikin ƙoƙarin samun ‘yancin kai a cikin tunani, kada mutum ya manta cewa ra’ayin kansa ba koyaushe ne ya fi dacewa ba. Yana da mahimmanci a iya yarda da ra’ayin wani, idan ya fi dacewa.

Dalio ya yi imanin cewa duk rayuwa ta ƙunshi yin yanke shawara iri-iri koyaushe. Yana tattara bayanai game da ka’idojin da aka yi amfani da su don wannan, wanda ya kira ka’idodin. Bayan ya gane kuma ya inganta waɗannan dokoki, ya saba da su kuma ya aiwatar da su a cikin kamfaninsa. Wajibi ne a ci gaba da koyo, kada a daina shi. Ray Dalio ya ce shi ɗalibi ne na rayuwa kuma yana da niyyar ci gaba da yin hakan. Littafin ya yi cikakken bayani game da ƙa’idodinsa waɗanda aka ba da cikakkun bayanai. Wannan yana bawa masu karatu damar yanke shawarar yadda suka dace da rayuwarsu da aikinsu. A cikin littafi na gaba, “Ka’idodin Nasara,” marubucin ya ci gaba da magana game da ra’ayoyinsa game da duniya da kuma siffofin yin kasuwanci. Ya cika littafin farko, yana ba ku damar fahimtar dabarun rayuwa da kasuwancin mai saka jari.
Wani sabon littafi na Ray Dalio an sadaukar da shi don tunani game da makomar duniyar zamani. Ana kiranta Yadda Tsarin Duniya ke Canjawa. Me ya sa jihohi ke yin nasara da kasawa. A cewar marubucin, ya sa ya rubuta littafin ne saboda wasu dalilai:

1. Babban adadin bashin duniya.
2. Tazarar matsayi da salon rayuwa tsakanin masu arziki da talakawa.
3. Hanyoyin bunkasuwar dangantakar dake tsakanin kasashen da suka haifar da karuwar tasirin kasar Sin sosai.

Shahararren littafin Ray Dalio mai suna “Big Debt Crises Coping Principles” – zazzagewa kuma karanta wani yanki daga littafin:
Babban Rikicin Bashi Cire Ka’idodin Ray Dalio – Babban Rikicin Bashi a kusa da lanƙwasa, bitar littafi: https://youtu.be/xaPNbYkOT- 4 Mai saka hannun jari yayi la’akari da halin da ake ciki yanzu kamar wanda ya faru a cikin lokacin 1930-1945. Ya nazarci irin wannan yanayi a tsawon tarihin duniya tare da tsara tsarin ci gaban da ke tafiyar da tarihin kasashen da suka fi ci gaba. Sakamakon cikakken nazarin tarihin ’yan Adam a lokuta dabam-dabam, ya zo ga wasu zato game da abin da zai jira ’yan Adam a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.