Ngubani uRay Dalio, i-biography, isitayile kunye nemigaqo esisiseko yokutyala imali

URay Dalio ngumphathi wengxowa-mali yebhiliyoni yaseMelika eBridgewater Associates.

Ngubani uRay Dalio, ubomi kunye nomsebenzi, imigaqo yakhe esisiseko kutyalo-mali

URay Dalio ngomnye wabantu abazizityebi kwiplanethi namhlanje. Uyaziwa nje ngokukwazi kwakhe ukwenza inzuzo, kodwa kunye nendlela yakhe ekhethekileyo yokwenza ishishini. Le ndoda yazalelwa kwintsapho yomculo we-jazz eNew York ngo-1949. Waziswa kwi-securities eneminyaka eyi-12. Ngeli xesha, wathenga isabelo sakhe sokuqala. Okwishumi elivisayo wayesebenza okwethutyana kwiklabhu yegalufa kwaye wayesoloko esiva iincoko ezinxulumene nezihloko zokutshintshiselana ngesitokhwe. Ugcine i-300 yeedola kwaye wayisebenzisela ukuthenga isitokhwe kwi-Northeast Airlines. Xa ekhetha, wayekhokelwa yimigaqo emibini:

1. Kufuneka ibe yinkampani ethembekileyo.
2. Ixabiso lesabelo esinye alinakudlula i-$5.

Kangangeminyaka emithathu akazange athabathe nyathelo likhethekileyo. Ifem ekhuphayo emva koko yafumana isithembiso sokudityaniswa, emva koko ixabiso lesabelo lenyuka ukusuka kwi-300 yeedola ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-900 yeedola. Oku kwabonisa uRay Dalio oselula ukuba kwakunokwenzeka ukwenza imali enhle kwimarike yezokhuseleko, kwaye oku kwamisela ngakumbi indlela yakhe yobomi ukuya kwinqanaba elikhulu. Nangona ebusheni bakhe, umtyalo-mali omkhulu wexesha elizayo wamkela njengomgaqo oyintloko womsebenzi wokufuna ukwenza izigwebo ezizimeleyo, ukufuna inyaniso ngengqondo yakhe. Kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe, uya kuqwalasela ukuba nengqondo evulekileyo, ukukulungela ukwamkela imibono emitsha yomsebenzi, into efunekayo ukuze uphumelele kwishishini. Ngo-1971, waqala izifundo zakhe kwiSikolo soShishino saseHarvard. Ngeli xesha, wayesebenza njengonobhala kwiNew York Stock Exchange. Wayezixakekise ngokurhweba ngezabelo, imali, kunye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla. Oku kokugqibela kwenzeka ngexesha lokufunda kunye nomnye wabalawuli beMerrill Lynch. Ngelo xesha, umsebenzi wokutshintshiselana wawungathandwa kwaye abaninzi babewujonga njengento engathembisiyo. Ngo-1974, uRay Dalio waba ngumlawuli wezinto zorhwebo eDominick & Dominick LLC, kungekudala waya kusebenza njengebroker kunye nomrhwebi eShearson Hayden Stone. Emva kokushiya ngo-1975, wafumanisa ukuba uqokelele ulwazi olwaneleyo kunye namava okuziqalela ishishini lakhe-Bridgewater Associate. Ngeli xesha, wayesele efumene iMBA kwiSikolo soShishino saseHarvard. Ngo-1974, uRay Dalio waba ngumlawuli wezinto zorhwebo eDominick & Dominick LLC, kungekudala waya kusebenza njengebroker kunye nomrhwebi eShearson Hayden Stone. Emva kokushiya ngo-1975, wafumanisa ukuba uqokelele ulwazi olwaneleyo kunye namava okuziqalela ishishini lakhe-Bridgewater Associate. Ngeli xesha, wayesele efumene iMBA kwiSikolo soShishino saseHarvard. Ngo-1974, uRay Dalio waba ngumlawuli wezinto zorhwebo eDominick & Dominick LLC, kungekudala waya kusebenza njengebroker kunye nomrhwebi eShearson Hayden Stone. Emva kokushiya ngo-1975, wafumanisa ukuba uqokelele ulwazi olwaneleyo kunye namava okuziqalela ishishini lakhe-Bridgewater Associate. Ngeli xesha, wayesele efumene iMBA kwiSikolo soShishino saseHarvard.
Headquarters Bridgewater Associate [/ caption] Le ifemu isaphuhla, ibe yenye yeemali ezinkulu zeheji ehlabathini. Ngo-2018, inkampani ilawule i-160 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwizinto zexabiso. Ngeli xesha, ubutyebi bomntu kaRay Dalio budlule kwi-18 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. Ekuqaleni, le nkampani yayinamaxesha anzima. UDalio kwafuneka agxothe bonke abasebenzi aze acele kuyise i-$4,000 ukuze ahlawule ityala lakhe. Emva kwesiqalo esibi, umtyalo-mali wacinga kwakhona isimo sakhe sengqondo ebomini waza wafikelela kwimfuneko yokulandela imigaqo ethile.

Isizathu seengxaki zakhe kwinqanaba lokuqala, ubona umnqweno wokuzibona elungile kuyo nayiphi na imeko. Kwixesha elizayo, njengoko esitsho: “Ndatshintsha uvuyo lokuba ndilungile ngenxa yovuyo lokuqonda inyaniso.” Ubudlelwane obunempilo kwiqela bujolise ekuqinisekiseni ukuba wonke umntu ubonisa amandla akhe, kwaye ingcamango engcono kakhulu iyaphumelela, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngubani ovakalise.

Umtyali-mali ugxininisa ukubaluleka kokucamngca. Ukholelwa ukuba ukugqibelela ngokomoya sisiseko sempumelelo yeshishini. Ngokombono wakhe, ukucamngca kumnika amandla ngaphezu kokulala, kukhuthaza indlela yokudala ebomini kunye nomsebenzi.

Isimbo sotyalo-mali sikaRay Dalio

Umtyali-mali omkhulu uphunyezwe kwimigaqo ekhethekileyo yenkampani yakhe eyamnceda ukuba afezekise impumelelo yanamhlanje kwaye aqhubeke esetyenziswa namhlanje. Enye yezona zinto ziphambili ucinga ngokuvuleleka. URay Dalio uzama ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bakhe banolwazi olunenjongo malunga nemeko yemicimbi kwaye banokuzimela ngokuzimeleyo isimo sengqondo sabo malunga nenkampani.
Kugxilwe ekuphuculeni ubudlelwane phakathi kwabasebenzi ngaphakathi kwenkampani, ukudala nokuphuhlisa inkcubeko yoshishino eyodwa. Xa usenza izigqibo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba iziganeko aziqhelekanga. Izinto ezifanayo ziye zenzeka kwixesha elidluleyo, yaye kukho izifundo esinokuzifunda kuzo. Ngokuzifunda, unokumisela iipateni ezinokuthi zibe sisiseko sokwenza izigqibo kwimeko ethile. Inkampani isebenzisa iiphothifoliyo ezintathu zotyalo-mali kulawulo lwempahla: iAlpha ePure, iiMarike eziNgcono zeAlpha ezinkulu kunye neMozulu yonke. Eyokugqibela kubo, ipotifoliyo yexesha lonke, ibandakanya ubuninzi bempahla. Ipotfoliyo kaRay Dalio inala macandelo alandelayo:

1. I-40% yeebhondi zexesha elide;
2. I-15% yamatyala exesha eliphakathi;
3. I-30% yezabelo zeenkampani ezahlukeneyo;
4. 7.5% yegolide;
5. I-7.5% yeemveliso zeentlobo ngeentlobo.

Xa ulawula iphothifoliyo, uDalio usebenzisa umgaqo wokufanisa kunye neemeko ezifanayo kwixesha elidlulileyo, ezama ukusebenzisa izicwangciso esele zilethe impumelelo. Ngokwesiqhelo, le potfoliyo ibonise iziphumo ezilungileyo kule minyaka idlulileyo.
Iqweqwe lenye yezona ncwadi zidumileyo nguRey Dalio “ingxaki enkulu yamatyala” [/ inkcazo] Kuyathakazelisa ukuba xa kuhlalutywa ukusebenza kwesicwangciso esinjalo, iimeko ezahlukeneyo kwimarike yemasheya zaqwalaselwa kwaye kubalwa okufanelekileyo kwenziwa. Umzekelo, kwintlekele ka-1929, ipotifoliyo yayiza kuphulukana ne-20% kuphela, kodwa emva koko ihlawulele oku kutsalwa phantsi. Kwakhona kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngokubhekiselele kwinzuzo, ngexesha le-2008-2017, ligqithise isalathisi se-S & P ngokubhekiselele kwinzuzo. Imigaqo kaRay Dalio yeMpumelelo (ngemizuzu engama-30): https://youtu.be/vKXk2Yhm58o IiMarike ezinyulu ze-Alpha ezinkulu zinokugxila okwandisiweyo kwii-asethi ezimanzi. Iimarike ezivelayo zihlala zithintelwa apha. Ifana kakhulu nesakhiwo kwibrifkheyisi yemozulu yonke. IAlpha enyulu xa ithelekiswa neMarkethi eNgcono yeAlpha inika ingqwalasela ngakumbi kwiimarike ezisakhulayo, kodwa ngokwesakhiwo yahluke kancinane kuyo. Ukubuyiswa kwe-Alpha ecocekileyo yayiyi-12% kude kube ngu-2019, kodwa yenze ilahleko ye-7.6% ngo-2020. URay Dalio uthe iipotfoliyo zidalwe kulindelwe uphuhliso oluqhubekayo loqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ngenxa yeengxaki ngenxa yobhubhane, umtyali-mali waqala ukunikela ingqalelo ngakumbi kwezona khuseleko zithembekileyo. Kudliwanondlebe lwakhe, uRay Dalio uthetha ngesimo sakhe sengqondo kubomi kunye neshishini:

1. Ukhankanya umdla wakhe wokufuna ukwazi kunye ne-adventurism njengesona sizathu siphambili sempumelelo yakhe . Ukwenza into entsha, uzama ukuyiqonda kwaye afunde indlela yokusebenza ngayo.
2. Ubiza indlela yempumelelo ngokuthi yindibaniselwano yephupha kunye novavanyo olusengqiqweni lwemeko yokwenyani . Kwakhona ucinga ukuba kubalulekile xa intlungu okanye ukungaphumeleli kwenzeka ukukwazi ukunqoba ingxaki ngokufumana indlela efanelekileyo ngenxa yokuhlalutya imeko.
3. Xa eqesha abasebenzi, ucebisa ukuba anikele ingqalelo kwimilinganiselo yakhe, ubuchule kunye nobuchule bakhe . Ukukhetha iqela elifanelekileyo, unokuqinisekisa ukuba abanye abasebenzi bancedisa abanye, benza iqela elipheleleyo.
4. Ukuthathwa kwezigqibo kufuneka kuthintele idemokhrasi kunye nobuzwilakhe . Kwimeko yokuqala, kucingelwa ukuba uluvo lomntu wonke luxabiseke ngokulinganayo, kodwa enyanisweni oku akunjalo. Okwesibini kuthetha ukuba umphathi yedwa owazi iimpendulo kuyo yonke imibuzo. Kwi-Dalio, izigqibo zenziwa ngokudibeneyo, kodwa izimvo zabo bantu abasele bezibonakalise ngaphambili banobunzima obuninzi.

Ukugxekwa kuyakhuthazwa kwinkampani. Oku kuyimfuneko ukudala umoya wokuvuleleka kunye nokudala owona moya wobugcisa xa usenza izigqibo.

Uphononongo lwencwadi nguRay Dalio

Umtyali-mali wachaza indlela abuqonda ngayo ubomi kunye nemithetho yokwenza ishishini kwincwadi ethi “Imigaqo. Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi. URay Dalio ubona isiseko sempumelelo kwimbono echanekileyo yokwenyani. Kubalulekile ukuzama ukumbona ukuba ungubani na, kwaye ungayigqithisi iminqweno yakho njengenyani. Ukuphumeza oku, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ingqwalasela eyaneleyo kule miba ilandelayo:

1. Okokuqala kufuneka uqonde ukuba yintoni iminqweno. Oku kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukuba kwixesha elizayo kuya kwenzeka ukuqonda ngokuchanekileyo oko kuhambelana nabo kunye noko kungenjalo.
2. Kuyimfuneko ukumisela ukuba zeziphi iinyani ezinempembelelo enkulu ekuphunyezweni kweenjongo. Kufuneka uzifunde rhoqo ukuze wazi: yintoni enokunceda, yintoni umqobo, isebenza njani.
3. URay Dalio ugxininisa ukuzimela kwengqondo. Ukholelwa ukuba uluvo olwamkelwa sisininzi alusoloko luyinyaniso. Izigqibo ozenzele zona kusenokwenzeka ukuba ziphumelele. Ukuba uluvo lukabani luyaphikisana nolo lwamkelwa ngokubanzi, oku akuniki sizathu sokulushiya ngaphandle kwezizathu ezaneleyo.
4. Ekuzabalazeleni ukuzimela geqe ekucingeni, ubani akafanele alibale ukuba imbono yakhe ayisoloko ithembisa kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukukwazi ukwamkela imbono yomnye umntu, ukuba ichanekile ngakumbi.

UDalio ukholelwa ukuba bonke ubomi bubandakanya rhoqo ukwenza izigqibo ezahlukeneyo. Uqokelela ulwazi malunga nemilinganiselo esetyenzisiweyo kule nto, ayibiza ngokuba yimigaqo. Akuba eyiqondile kwaye ephuhlise le mithetho, waziqhelanisa nayo kwaye wayiphumeza kwinkampani yakhe. Kuyimfuneko ukufunda rhoqo, ungaze uyeke. URay Dalio uthi ungumfundi wobomi bonke kwaye uzimisele ukuqhubeka esenza njalo. Le ncwadi ichaza imigaqo yayo ekunikelwa kuyo ingcaciso eneenkcukacha. Oku kuvumela abafundi ukuba benze isigqibo malunga nokuba bafaneleke kangakanani na ubomi babo nomsebenzi wabo. Kwincwadi elandelayo, “Imigaqo yeMpumelelo,” umbhali uqhubeka ethetha ngeembono zakhe ngehlabathi kunye neempawu zokwenza ishishini. Incedisa incwadi yokuqala, ikuvumela ukuba uqonde ngcono isicwangciso sobomi kunye neshishini lomtyalo-mali.
Incwadi entsha kaRay Dalio inikezelwe ekuboniseni ikamva lehlabathi lanamhlanje. Ibizwa ngokuba yiNjani uMyalelo weHlabathi oTshintshwayo. Kutheni amazwe aphumelele kwaye angaphumeleli. Ngokutsho kombhali, ukhuthazekile ukuba abhale le ncwadi ngezi zizathu zilandelayo:

1. Isixa esibalulekileyo setyala lehlabathi.
2. Umsantsa kwinqanaba kunye nendlela yokuphila phakathi kwabantu abazizityebi nabaqhelekileyo.
3. Iindlela zophuhliso lobudlelwane phakathi kwamazwe akhokelela ekwandeni okukhulu kwempembelelo yaseTshayina.

Incwadi edumileyo kaRay Dalio ethi “I-Big Debt Crises Coping Principles” – khuphela kwaye ufunde isicatshulwa kwincwadi ethi:
I-Big Debt Crises Coping Principles Ray Dalio – Iingxaki ezinkulu zeTyala ezijikeleze i-bend, ukuhlaziywa kwencwadi: https://youtu.be/xaPNbYkOT- 4 Umtyalo-mali uqwalasela imeko yangoku efana naleyo yenzeke kwixesha le-1930-1945. Uhlalutya iimeko ezifanayo kwimbali yehlabathi aze enze iipatheni zophuhliso ezilawula imbali yawona mazwe aphuhlileyo. Ngenxa yokuqwalaselwa ngokweenkcukacha imbali yoluntu kumaxesha ahlukahlukeneyo, ufikelela kwiintelekelelo ezithile ngoko kuya kulindelwe luluntu kumashumi eminyaka ezayo.