Niki umucuruzi mushya akeneye kumenya gukora ubucuruzi kumasoko yimigabane akwiye buji

Обучение трейдингу

Ingingo yashizweho hashingiwe ku ruhererekane rw’inyandiko ziva ku  muyoboro wa Telegramu wa OpexBot , zunganirwa n’icyerekezo cy’umwanditsi n’ibitekerezo bya AI. Umucuruzi utangiye? Noneho uze aho uri. Nigute uwatangiye kugenda yamenetse, cyangwa akagenda avunika ariko bitababaje bishoboka: gukina ku isoko ryimigabane kubatangiye mubihe byegereye ibyukuri.

Contents
  1. Intangiriro: ntukabikore nkabandi, ariko ubikore muburyo bwiza
  2. Inzira yemejwe kandi yumutima byoroshye
  3. Ni ryari umucuruzi mushya ashobora guhinduka rwose mubucuruzi?
  4. Nigute ushobora kubaho mugitangira cyurugendo rwawe: intambwe zihariye zuburyo bwo kubona amafaranga kumavunja kubatangiye
  5. Guhana kubatangiye: urunigi rwibikorwa kugirango ubashe gutangira kungurana ibitekerezo
  6. Soma ibitabo byiza
  7. Inshingano ni ukubona ishingiro
  8. Ntukajye muri binaries, Forex
  9. Hitamo umukoresha
  10. Koresha ububiko busanzwe kuri konte ya demo muminsi mike
  11. Guhitamo itumanaho ryukuri
  12. Hitamo ingamba zo gucunga ibyago
  13. Igenzura amarangamutima yawe
  14. Sobanukirwa ikibi n’icyiza
  15. Witegure kugwa no kuzamuka
  16. Noneho amategeko aturuka muri Opexbot: burya uwatangiye ashobora kubona amafaranga kumavunja, ibyo uwatangiye akeneye kumenya, uburyo bwo gushaka amafaranga ntagende
  17. Ni iki gikurikiraho?
  18. Nigute utuzuza icyegeranyo cyinkuru nkizo?
  19. Impanuro z’abacuruzi b’inararibonye: inama 10 z’abacuruzi b’inararibonye kubatangiye
  20. Buri gihe ukoreshe gahunda yubucuruzi
  21. Fata ubucuruzi nkubucuruzi
  22. Koresha ikoranabuhanga ku nyungu zawe
  23. Rinda igishoro cyawe cyubucuruzi
  24. Ba Umushakashatsi ku Isoko
  25. Gusa shyira mu bikorwa ibyo ushobora gutakaza.
  26. Gutezimbere uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko
  27. Buri gihe ukoreshe igihombo
  28. Menya igihe cyo guhagarika ubucuruzi
  29. Emera isoko uko ije
  30. Ku mucuruzi mushya: broker iburyo nuwasetsa wambere
  31. Igikorwa cya mbere nuguhitamo abahuza bizewe bakora kuri Exchange ya Moscou
  32. Amafaranga ntarengwa yo kubitsa mbere
  33. Amafaranga yo kubitsa n’amafaranga yo gucuruza
  34. Gusaba gucuruza kuri terefone
  35. Bite ho ku bihano?

Intangiriro: ntukabikore nkabandi, ariko ubikore muburyo bwiza

Cyane cyane ku ivunjisha. Nkuko bigenda. Umuntu yiga ibijyanye no gucuruza no kwibira mu nyenga. Yegurira igihe cye cyose kuri terminal. Aguruka, ntacyo azi, ashaka gufata amafaranga, ariko ahita abura amafaranga. Niki umucuruzi mushya akeneye kumenya gukora ubucuruzi kumasoko yimigabane akwiye bujiMu nzira, nafashe inguzanyo, ndeka akazi, kandi ntongana n’abo nkunda. Ninzira yumunaniro, umunaniro nibibazo byumuryango.

Inzira yemejwe kandi yumutima byoroshye

Shyiramo buhoro buhoro. Nta mpamvu yo kureka akazi. Tegura igihe cyawe. Tegura ubucuruzi bwawe kugirango ukoreshe 50% yubusa bwawe mubucuruzi. Kuri bamwe ni amasaha 2 kumunsi. Abantu bamwe bafite amasaha 5 mu cyumweru. Nkuko imyitozo ibigaragaza, nubwo waba uhuze gute nu muvuduko wubuzima, urashobora gushyira ku ruhande amasaha make yo gucuruza. Urashobora kugabanya igihe cyo kwinjira mwisoko wifashishije ibikoresho byamahugurwa , ibikoresho hamwe na bots wungirije .

Gucuruza ntibigomba kunguka gusa, ariko kandi byoroshye. Buhoro buhoro winjire mubyukuri bishya, kora ivunjisha igice cyubuzima bwawe bushimishije.

Ni ryari umucuruzi mushya ashobora guhinduka rwose mubucuruzi?

Iyo ubonye ko ubucuruzi bukwiranye mubitekerezo no mubitekerezo. Kandi, byanze bikunze, bizatangira kuzana inyungu zingenzi. Urashobora gukoresha umwanya munini mubucuruzi. Hindura akazi numwirondoro. Uzuza amafaranga wabikijwe. Itezimbere.

Nigute ushobora kubaho mugitangira cyurugendo rwawe: intambwe zihariye zuburyo bwo kubona amafaranga kumavunja kubatangiye

Niki umucuruzi mushya akeneye kumenya gukora ubucuruzi kumasoko yimigabane akwiye buji

Guhana kubatangiye: urunigi rwibikorwa kugirango ubashe gutangira kungurana ibitekerezo

Nigute washyira hamwe. Kandi ni hehe urunigi ruvunika? Birakwiye ko twumva ko kuvunja ari intambara aho ibihumbi byabacuruzi barwanira amafaranga. Kandi abazi cyane mubice byose barokoka: tekiniki, amakuru, imitekerereze. Noneho watangirira he kugirango winjire muburyo butekanye kandi ntugahuze ako kanya?

Soma ibitabo byiza

Ku mucuruzi mushya, ibitabo ni ububiko bwubumenyi nuburambe. Kumva uburyo amafaranga, ishoramari, nisoko rikora. Uburyo imbaga itekereza. Jack Schwager, Ray Dalio, Benjamin Graham. Ibyo birahagije kugirango utangire. Gusoma cyane muriki cyiciro ahubwo ni bibi. Nta gusuzuma kunegura ibyo nasomye kugeza ubu.

Inshingano ni ukubona ishingiro

Hitamo icyo uzacuruza.Niki umucuruzi mushya akeneye kumenya gukora ubucuruzi kumasoko yimigabane akwiye buji

Ntukajye muri binaries, Forex

Niyo mpamvu binary . Forex nisoko rinini ryivunjisha. Kandi igitugu kinini. Gutwara amazi byemewe 99%. Ndasaba amahitamo: Isoko rya Moscou + isoko ryimigabane. https://articles.opexflow.com/stock-exchange/moex.htm Ingaruka nkeya, kubitsa na komisiyo. Hano urashobora “guhahira ukuboko kwawe.”

Intego ni ukugabanya ingaruka.

Hitamo umukoresha

Ibindi kuri ibi hepfo.

Koresha ububiko busanzwe kuri konte ya demo muminsi mike

Igikorwa nukwiga buto, imikorere yubucuruzi bwa terminal, nibipimo.

Guhitamo itumanaho ryukuri

Ndasaba QUIK. Icyamamare cyane muri CIS, gishyigikira kungurana ibitekerezo. Ifite byinshi bishoboka nibisabwa bikenewe. Inshingano nuguhitamo itumanaho ryizewe rizaguha ibyo ukeneye byose.Niki umucuruzi mushya akeneye kumenya gukora ubucuruzi kumasoko yimigabane akwiye buji

Hitamo ingamba zo gucunga ibyago

Ni bangahe batakaza ubucuruzi bukurikiranye bizagukura ku isoko? Ku cyiciro cyambere, hitamo sisitemu irwanya ingaruka nyinshi. Ibuka, urimo gutangira. Ntukoga amabere afite ibyago byo kurohama. Inshingano ni ukubaho no kwiga kuguma hejuru.

Igenzura amarangamutima yawe

Nigute? Andika ibyakozwe byose
✏. Suzuma amarangamutima / amakuru yakiriwe. Dushiraho amategeko n’ingeso. Inshingano nugushiraho ingeso nziza no kunoza ubwenge bwamarangamutima.

Sobanukirwa ikibi n’icyiza

Wige gusoma imbonerahamwe. Umubare, imyitwarire y’ibiciro. Nigute ikirahure gikora? Gira uruhare mu isesengura rya tekiniki. Inshingano ni ukumenya ubuhanga. https://articles.opexflow.com/isesengura-uburyo-n-ibikoresho/indikatory-texnicheskogo-analiza.htm

Witegure kugwa no kuzamuka

Nibisanzwe mubucuruzi no mubuzima. Inshingano nukwigira kumakosa, gufata imyanzuro no guhindura amategeko.

Igikorwa cyisi yose yintambwe yambere nukumva ko ubucuruzi nabwo ari ubucuruzi kandi kuroba mucyuzi cyondo ntibizakorera hano.

Nigute ushobora kubona amafaranga kubatangiye ku isoko ryimigabane, ubitekerezeho, umucuruzi mushya: https://youtu.be/9-z2o_TywCg?si=ZP2Pa8gpomr0JBb8

Noneho amategeko aturuka muri Opexbot: burya uwatangiye ashobora kubona amafaranga kumavunja, ibyo uwatangiye akeneye kumenya, uburyo bwo gushaka amafaranga ntagende

Opexbot ninde ?

Amategeko shingiro Niki umucuruzi mushya akeneye kumenya gukora ubucuruzi kumasoko yimigabane akwiye bujiIbihe bisanzwe, muribyo hariho mirongo kuri forumu yubucuruzi iyo ari yo yose. Agashya kaza kuvunja, asuka mumafaranga ye yose yubusa. Kabiri kubitsa mubyumweru bibiri – abashya bafite amahirwe. Mwami w’isoko! Nshobora gukora ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose.

Ni iki gikurikiraho?

Hatariho sisitemu nogucunga ibyago, kubitsa byanze bikunze. Mugihe kibi cyane, amafaranga menshi arasukwa, akongera akumirwa, nibindi kugeza igihe gutenguha byuzuye.

Nigute utuzuza icyegeranyo cyinkuru nkizo?

Ugereranije byoroshye, ukurikiza amategeko. Kunesha siyanse yubucuruzi bigomba kuba buhoro buhoro. Iyo ugeze ku isoko ryimigabane, uba ufite uruhare rwo gufata abari bahari imyaka myinshi. Intego yambere ntabwo ari ugushaka amafaranga. Kandi wige isoko, wige kudatakaza, cyangwa gutakaza bike. Ubucuruzi buhoro buhoro, mu ntambwe nto. Ni ngombwa gukusanya imibare yawe no kubaka sisitemu yawe. Gucuruza kubitsa bito hamwe nijanisha rito ryo kubitsa.Gerageza kugumana imyanya 1-2. Ntusimbukire muri tombora icyarimwe. Kunanirwa kwambere nubunararibonye butagereranywa. Kandi hamwe nuburambe hazamo intsinzi igenzurwa nkumucuruzi wabigize umwuga. Ntabwo ari amahirwe yo gutangira gusa. Ntugaterere ibintu byose mumatara yubucuruzi icyarimwe Ntushobora gushyira ubucuruzi hejuru ya byose. Birashobora guhuzwa neza nakazi. Byongeye kandi, nta mpamvu yo gushyira ubucuruzi hagati yawe n’umuryango wawe. Kubona inkunga kubantu bakwegereye mubikorwa byawe bimaze kuba kimwe cya kabiri cyitsinzi mubucuruzi ubwo aribwo bwose.

Igisubizo: umucuruzi wizeye, umuryango wishimye.
?‍?‍?

Buhoro buhoro winjire muriki gice gishimishije, wige, utezimbere kandi wunguke uburambe ninyungu ihamye.

Impanuro z’abacuruzi b’inararibonye: inama 10 z’abacuruzi b’inararibonye kubatangiye

Buri gihe ukoreshe gahunda yubucuruzi

Gahunda yubucuruzi ni urutonde rwamategeko asobanura ibyo umucuruzi yinjira, asohoka, hamwe nogucunga amafaranga kuri buri kugura. Bitewe n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, gerageza igitekerezo cy’ubucuruzi mbere yo guhungabanya amafaranga nyayo. Iyi myitozo, izwi nka backtesting, igufasha gushyira mubikorwa ubucuruzi bwawe ukoresheje amakuru yamateka no kumenya niba ari byiza. Iyo gahunda imaze gutezwa imbere no gusubira inyuma byerekana ibisubizo byiza, irashobora gukoreshwa mubucuruzi nyabwo.

Ariko wibuke ko ibyo bidashobora kuba ibyifuzo kubikorwa cyangwa inama zishoramari. Nukugerageza gusa kumva isoko.

Rimwe na rimwe, gahunda yawe yubucuruzi ntishobora gukora. Sohoka kandi utangire hejuru. Ikintu cyingenzi hano ni ugukomera kuri gahunda. Gukora ubucuruzi hanze ya gahunda yawe yubucuruzi, kabone niyo byavamo inyungu, bifatwa nkingamba mbi.

Niki umucuruzi mushya akeneye kumenya gukora ubucuruzi kumasoko yimigabane akwiye buji

Fata ubucuruzi nkubucuruzi

Kugira ngo ugire icyo ugeraho, ugomba gufata ubucuruzi nkigihe cyose cyangwa igice cyigihe gito kandi ntabwo ari ibyo kwishimisha. Niba ubifata nk’ibyishimisha, nta cyifuzo gifatika cyo kwiga. Gucuruza nubucuruzi burimo ibiciro, igihombo, imisoro, gushidikanya, guhangayika ningaruka. Nkumucuruzi, mubyukuri uri nyir’ubucuruzi buciriritse kandi ukeneye gukora ubushakashatsi bwawe no gufata ingamba kugirango wongere ubushobozi bwubucuruzi bwawe.

Koresha ikoranabuhanga ku nyungu zawe

Gucuruza nubucuruzi burushanwa. Ni byiza kwibwira ko umuntu kurundi ruhande rwigikorwa arimo gukoresha neza tekinoroji yose iboneka. Imbonerahamwe ishushanya itanga abacuruzi amahirwe adashira yo kureba no gusesengura amasoko. Gusubiramo igitekerezo cyawe ukoresheje amakuru yamateka birinda amakosa ahenze. Kwakira ivugurura ryisoko ukoresheje terefone biradufasha gukurikirana ubucuruzi ahantu hose. Ikoranabuhanga dufata nk’ukuri, nk’umuyoboro wihuse wa interineti wihuta, urashobora gukora ubucuruzi neza.

Koresha robot zigezweho nizindi serivisi kugirango wongere amahirwe yo gutsinda.

Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga kubwinyungu zawe no kugendana nibicuruzwa bishya birashobora kuba ibintu bishimishije kandi bihesha inyungu mubucuruzi.

Rinda igishoro cyawe cyubucuruzi

Kuzigama amafaranga ahagije yo gutera inkunga konti yawe yubucuruzi bisaba igihe n’imbaraga. Ibi birashobora no kugorana cyane niba ugomba kubikora kabiri. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko kurinda igishoro cyawe cyubucuruzi bitajyanye no kwirinda gutakaza ubucuruzi. Abacuruzi bose bafite igihombo. Kurinda imari bikubiyemo kwirinda ingaruka zidakenewe no gufata ingamba zose zo kubika konti yawe yubucuruzi.Niki umucuruzi mushya akeneye kumenya gukora ubucuruzi kumasoko yimigabane akwiye buji

Ba Umushakashatsi ku Isoko

Tekereza nko gukomeza amashuri. Abacuruzi bakeneye gukomeza guhanga amaso kwiga byinshi buri munsi. Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko gusobanukirwa amasoko nubuhanga bwayo ari inzira ikomeza, ubuzima bwawe bwose. Ubushakashatsi bwimbitse butuma abacuruzi bumva ukuri, nkicyo raporo zubukungu zitandukanye zisobanura. Kwibanda no kwitegereza byemerera abacuruzi gutunganya imitekerereze yabo no kwiga nuances. Politiki yisi, amakuru yamakuru, imigendekere yubukungu, ndetse nikirere byose bigira ingaruka kumasoko. Ibidukikije ku isoko birahinduka. Abacuruzi beza bumva amasoko ya kera nayubu, biteguye neza ejo hazaza.Niki umucuruzi mushya akeneye kumenya gukora ubucuruzi kumasoko yimigabane akwiye buji

Gusa shyira mu bikorwa ibyo ushobora gutakaza.

Mbere yo gukoresha amafaranga nyayo, menya neza ko amafaranga ari kuri konti yubucuruzi ari igihombo cyemewe. Niba ataribyo, umucuruzi agomba gukomeza kuzigama kugeza igihe azaba akusanyije umutungo wamafaranga yo kubitsa bwa mbere. Gutakaza amafaranga nikintu kibabaje cyane. Byongeye kandi, niba tuvuga igishoro, kitagomba guhura na gato.

Gutezimbere uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko

Gufata umwanya wo guteza imbere sisitemu yubucuruzi yizewe bikwiye imbaraga. Ntukemere ibinini byubumaji, ibimenyetso biva mubisobanuro byamakuru hamwe nuhanuzi “pound-pound”. Abacuruzi bafata umwanya wo kwiga mubisanzwe bafite igihe cyoroshye cyo gukuramo amakuru atariyo yose aboneka kuri enterineti. Kwiga gucuruza bisaba igihe, kwihangana no gusobanukirwa ibikorerwa n’impamvu.

Buri gihe ukoreshe igihombo

Igihombo cyo guhagarika ni umubare wateganijwe wibyago umucuruzi yiteguye kwakira kuri buri bucuruzi. Igihombo cyo guhagarika gishobora kuba umubare wihariye, cyangwa ijanisha, ariko bigabanya ibyago byumucuruzi mugihe cyubucuruzi. Gukoresha igihombo cyo guhagarika birashobora gukuramo ibibazo bimwe mubucuruzi kuko amafaranga yihariye yatakaye kuri buri bucuruzi azwi mbere. Ibi biragufasha kandi kuticara kuri terefone hafi yisaha. Kutagira igihombo gihagarara ni imyitozo mibi, nubwo bivamo ubucuruzi bwatsinze. Kuva mu bucuruzi hamwe no guhagarara bityo ubucuruzi butakara buracyari ingamba nziza mugihe gikurikiza amategeko ya gahunda yubucuruzi.

Ntibishoboka kuva mubucuruzi bwose hamwe ninyungu. Gukoresha itegeko ririnda bifasha kwemeza ko igihombo ningaruka ari bike.

Niki umucuruzi mushya akeneye kumenya gukora ubucuruzi kumasoko yimigabane akwiye buji

Menya igihe cyo guhagarika ubucuruzi

Hariho impamvu ebyiri zo guhagarika ubucuruzi: gahunda yubucuruzi idakora neza nu mucuruzi wamarangamutima.Ingamba zubucuruzi zidakora neza zerekana ko igihe kigeze cyo guhagarara no kugira ibyo duhindura. Ibi nibisanzwe. Ikintu nyamukuru nugufata imyanzuro no guhindura. Gumana amarangamutima kandi ukomeze amarangamutima yawe. Igihe kirageze cyo kongera gusuzuma gahunda yawe yubucuruzi. Ingamba zananiranye nikibazo kigomba gukemurwa. Ariko ibi nabyo ni uburambe butagereranywa hamwe no kuringaniza ubuhanga. Ariko umucuruzi udahungabana mumarangamutima nikibazo murwego runini. Akora gahunda yubucuruzi, ariko ntashobora kuyikurikiza. Guhangayikishwa hanze, kubura ibitotsi, ingeso mbi n’imico yo mumutwe gusa bishobora kugira uruhare mubibazo. Umucuruzi utameze neza mubucuruzi agomba gutekereza guhagarika ubucuruzi no gusohoka muri terminal.

Emera isoko uko ije

Mugihe ucuruza, wibande ku ishusho nini. Ubucuruzi bwatakaye ntibukwiye gutuma wumva ko urakaye cyangwa wihebye. Nibice byubucuruzi. Amasezerano yatsindiye ni intambwe imwe gusa yo gutsinda. Ntabwo ari ngombwa kwishima. Ishusho nini ni ngombwa. Iyo umucuruzi yemeye inyungu nigihombo nkigice cyumukino wubucuruzi, amarangamutima agira ingaruka nke mubikorwa byubucuruzi. Ibi ntibisobanura ko udashobora kwishimira ubucuruzi bwatsinze cyane, ariko mugihe nkiki ni byiza guhagarara ntugateze ibyago bishobora guteza akaga. Kwishyiriraho intego zifatika nigice cyingenzi cyubucuruzi bugana imbere. Niba utegereje kuba umuherwe bitarenze kuwa kabiri utaha, uba wishyiriyeho gutsindwa.Niki umucuruzi mushya akeneye kumenya gukora ubucuruzi kumasoko yimigabane akwiye buji

Ku mucuruzi mushya: broker iburyo nuwasetsa wambere

Duhitamo umuhuza wo gucuruza kuri MOEX, nkuhererekanya cyane mubacuruzi nabashoramari bo muburusiya.

Amakuru kubaturage.

Bizanagira akamaro kubantu bamaze guhitamo broker rimwe. Ibihe byiza kandi bitanga impinduka buri gihe. Ubunebwe bukubuza kubashakisha. Yakusanyije amakuru afatika kuri wewe. Algorithm y’ibikorwa:

Igikorwa cya mbere nuguhitamo abahuza bizewe bakora kuri Exchange ya Moscou

Twiga amanota ya broker aboneka kuri enterineti. Dushungura iyamamaza. Turasoma ibyukuri, amanota yo kwiga. Nibyiza niba hari amajana yibi bisubirwamo, ntabwo kimwe cyangwa bibiri gusa. Gushyigikira ibintu byerekana kwizerwa: umubare wabakiriya nigihe cyisoko. Imibare iriho:

  • Ishoramari rya Tinkoff. Vuba aha ku isoko, ariko umuyobozi mumibare yabakiriya. Miliyoni zirenga 16
  • Kurangiza. Kuva 1994 ku isoko, abakiriya barenga 400k.
  • Umukoresha wa VTB. Ku isoko imyaka irenga 30, uhereye kubakiriya 300k.
  • BCS Isi Yishoramari Imyaka 28 kumasoko, abakiriya barenga miliyoni.
  • SBER. Abakiriya barenga miliyoni 3.

Amafaranga ntarengwa yo kubitsa mbere

Reka nkwibutse impamvu ibi ari ngombwa .

  • Tinkoff: Urashobora gutangira gushora amafaranga 10.
  • VTB nta mubare muto.
  • BCS nta mubare muto.
  • Kuri Finam amafaranga ntarengwa yo kubitsa ni kuva kuri 15 kugeza 30k, bitewe nibikoresho bigurishwa.
  • SBER itangirira kumafaranga 100.

Amafaranga yo kubitsa n’amafaranga yo gucuruza

  • Igiciro cyumucuruzi wa Tinkoff: serivisi 299, 0.05% kuri buri gikorwa. Hariho izindi komisiyo nyinshi zidahita zigaragara. Ibisobanuro birambuye kuri komisiyo birahari , na serivisi yo kubibariza hano .
  • Kurangiza FreeTrade igiciro kubatangiye: serivisi yubuntu na 0% kubikorwa. Komisiyo ntoya yo gucuruza kumunsi: 45 kopeck.
  • Serivise yubusa ya VTB na 0,05% mubikorwa.
  • Igiciro cy’abacuruzi ba BCS: serivisi 299, 0.01% kuri buri gikorwa.
  • SBER. Serivisi y’ubuntu kandi kuva kuri 0.06% kuri buri gikorwa.

Hariho izindi komisiyo! Kubika ifaranga, kubikuramo amafaranga Wemeze kwiga neza.

Gusaba gucuruza kuri terefone

Abahuza bose kurutonde barayifite.

Bite ho ku bihano?

Ibihano byagize ingaruka ku bushobozi bwo gucuruza umutungo w’amahanga, ndetse no gukora amadovize. Urutonde rw’ibihano rurimo VTB, SBER, Tinkoff, Otkritie, MTS n’abandi. Buriwese afite utuntu tumwe na tumwe mu mbogamizi, zikwiye kwiga birambuye kurubuga rwemewe. Niba uteganya gucuruza gusa impapuro zu Burusiya, nta mpamvu yo kubyitwaramo. Niba uteganya gukorana nimpapuro zamahanga, noneho Finam na BCS Isi yishoramari ntabwo iri kurutonde kurubu.

Inshingano. Ntacyo ntangaza, gusa imibare iriho nukuri. Ntabwo igizwe ninama zishoramari kugiti cye.

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