Ni ubuhe buryo butemewe kandi ugomba gushora imari?

Inguzanyo zidafite akamaro (inguzanyo zitanga umusaruro mwinshi, inguzanyo zidashora-ishoramari, ingwate-yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, ingwate idafite agaciro) ni impapuro zerekana ibicuruzwa bifite igiciro gito cyane. Barangwa no kumenyekana nabi mubukungu hamwe ningaruka nyinshi. Nyamara, iki nigikoresho cyunguka cyane, gucuruza bigufasha kubona inyungu nini. Ingwate zitangwa ku nyungu nyinshi, zikurura ba rwiyemezamirimo bashaka kugura ibigo byabo bigiye gutsindwa.
Abashoramari bahitamo iki gikoresho kubera umusaruro mwinshi ugereranije nimpapuro gakondo. Inyungu ku ngwate zifite umutekano zizewe kuba 10% ku mwaka. Mugihe umusaruro ku mpapuro zidafite agaciro zishobora kugera kuri 200%, ariko, birashoboka ko uwatanze inguzanyo azishyura imyenda ari nto cyane. . _
Impapuro zidafite agaciro zitangwa n’amasosiyete afite izina rito kugira ngo yihutishe gushora imari mu bikorwa byo gukora ubucuruzi cyangwa kwishyura imyenda. Byongeye kandi, zitangwa mugihe cyo gufata imishinga kugirango isimbuze amafaranga kubashoramari.

Ukuntu amateka yisoko ryimyenda yatangiriye

Amateka yisoko ryubusa ryatangiye mu myaka ya za 70. Michael Milken yakoraga ubushakashatsi bwisesengura bwimpapuro zidafite amanota. Yashoboye kwerekana ko ishyirwaho rya portfolio itandukanye ya bonds yo murwego rwo hasi mugihe kirekire, izana inyungu nyinshi ugereranije nibikoresho bifite urwego rwo hejuru. Ariko, muriki gihe, amahirwe yo kutishyura ariyongera cyane. Michael Milken yerekanye ukuzenguruka kw’isoko, bigizwe no kugabanuka rimwe na rimwe mu mpapuro zizewe, ni muri iki gihe izamuka ry’inguzanyo zidafite ishingiro.
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwimpapuro:

• abamarayika baguye – ibigo byahoze bifite urwego rwo hejuru, ariko ubu byahuye nibibazo bimwe;
• kuzamuka kwinyenyeri – gutangiza ibigo bifite umutungo muto hamwe nubukungu budahagije, bifite igipimo gito;
• Isosiyete ifite imyenda myinshi irahomba cyangwa mubyukuri yaguze ibigo bifite imyenda nini;
• Ibigo byibanda cyane ku bigo ni ibigo bidafite igishoro kidahagije cyangwa imishinga idashobora kubona inguzanyo, kimwe n’abashaka gukurura abashoramari mu bantu ku giti cyabo ndetse n’amategeko.

Nigute ushobora gushora imari muri bonds

Mbere yo gushora muri iki gikoresho, ni ngombwa kubara uburyo ari byiza no gusesengura ingaruka zihari. Ku ikubitiro, isoko ryasesenguwe kugirango ryige amateka yamasosiyete atanga. Ubushakashatsi ku isoko burakorwa kugirango haboneke igitekerezo cyibikorwa byubukungu byubu nibindi bintu bigira ingaruka ku bwishyu bwibigo. Uzakenera kwita kubitandukanye byishoramari no kugura impapuro zabigenewe. Hashingiwe ku isesengura ryakozwe, hateganijwe igihe kirekire cy’inyungu n’ingaruka z’impinduka zabo zikorwa. Inyungu yibikoresho nimyitwarire yayo kumasoko irangwa nibintu byinshi:

• gukoresha cyane inshingano zimyenda kumasoko numusaruro nyawo urenze inyungu kumitungo yatanzwe;
• kwiyongera cyangwa kugabanuka kwinyungu ntiguhindura igiciro cyigikoresho, kidashobora kuvugwa kubyerekeye inshingano zisanzwe zumwenda. Ibi biterwa namagambo adafite akamaro mugihe cyo gukura ninyungu nyinshi zumutungo;
• inyungu ku nguzanyo zidafite ishingiro biterwa nuburyo ubukungu bwifashe.

Imyitwarire yuwo mutungo iragereranywa ningaruka zimigabane, kubera ko inyungu zabo ziterwa no guhagarara kwimiterere yuwabitanze n’imbaraga zayo. Niba ubukungu bwifashe nabi, igiciro cyimpapuro zidafite agaciro kigabanuka cyane, nkuko uwabitanze agabanuka. Niba umusaruro wikigo wiyongereye, noneho agaciro ka bonds kiyongera cyane. Ihungabana ry’ubukungu muri leta rigabanya ingaruka zo gukorana ninshingano zumwenda. Inguzanyo zitanga umusaruro mwinshi (HDO), amateka yo gushingwa, uko ibintu bimeze ubu, birakwiye gushora imari mu nguzanyo zidafite ishingiro nuburyo bwo gutakaza amafaranga, isoko ry’inguzanyo mu Burusiya: https://youtu.be/j8FsQKE2l84

Nigute wahitamo uwatanze

Abashoramari barasaba gushora imari itarenze kimwe cya kane cyamafaranga wizigamiye muri bonds. Kugabanya ingaruka, umugabane wuwatanze umwe muri portfolio ntugomba kurenga 5%. Abashoramari b’inararibonye ntibakunze gushora imari irenga 10% y’amafaranga yabo aboneka muri ubu bwoko bw’umutungo. Mugihe uhisemo ingwate zo kugura, birakenewe kwiga ibikorwa byuwabitanze, byumwihariko, kugirango umenye niba afite izindi mpapuro ninshingano zumwenda. Bita ku myenda rusange y’isosiyete hamwe n’umutwaro wose w’umwenda, ugena uburyo bwo gutanga inguzanyo mu gihe hiyongereyeho ibyago byo kutishyura. Bazirikana kandi ibyifuzo byubucuruzi uruganda ruhuza. Amahirwe yigitekerezo cyubucuruzi azafasha cyane isosiyete kwishyura imyenda.
Kugira ngo ugabanye ingaruka, ugomba gushora imari muri bonds zitangwa namasosiyete akorera mubikorwa nyabyo byubukungu. Bafite umutungo utanga umusaruro kandi batanga amafaranga. Birasabwa kwirinda umutungo watanzweho inguzanyo. Ibi ni ngombwa kuko ibintu bibi cyane byoroshya inzira yo kuganira kuvugurura inguzanyo. Impuguke zirasaba kwirinda gushora imari mu bucuruzi bw’amasosiyete y’ikoranabuhanga, kubera ko imyenda yabo irenze umubare w’umutungo bafite ku mpapuro zabo. Mugihe ushora imari mubitagira umumaro, abatanga hanze bagomba gushyira imbere indangagaciro zitanga umusaruro mwinshi. Ibi bizatuma bishoboka gutandukanya portfolio no kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa nuwabitanze bishoboka. Birakwiye gushora imari muri bonds kandi niki gitanga umusaruro wubusa: https://youtu.be/4Rfas4RGSEM Abashoramari kwisi yose bakunda inguzanyo zidafite ishingiro, kuko ibikoresho byo murwego rwo hejuru bitemerera kubara inyungu nyinshi. Kurugero, imyaka icumi yububiko bwa Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika zitanga inyungu yumwaka ya 2,1% gusa. Kandi impuzandengo yinyungu yinguzanyo zamerika muri Amerika igera kuri 5.8% kumwaka.