Junk bonds kye ki era wandibadde oziteekamu ssente?

Облигации

Junk bonds (high-yield bond, non-investment-grade bond, speculative-grade bond, junk bond) migatte egy’okuteebereza nga girina ekipimo ky’ebbanja ekitono ennyo. Bamanyiddwa olw’erinnya ebbi mu by’ensimbi n’obulabe obw’amaanyi. Wabula kino kikola amagoba mangi, okusuubulamu kikusobozesa okufuna amagoba amanene. Bondi zifulumizibwa ku magoba amangi, ekisikiriza abasuubuzi abaagala okugula kkampuni zaabwe ezinaatera okulemererwa.
Junk bonds kye ki era wandibadde oziteekamu ssente? Bamusigansimbi balondawo ekintu kino olw’amagoba amangi bw’ogeraageranya n’emiwendo gy’ebintu egy’ennono. Amagoba ku bondi ezitaliiko bulabe gakakasiddwa okuba ebitundu 10% buli mwaka. Wadde ng’amagoba ku migatte emigatte gasobola okutuuka ku bitundu 200%, wabula, emikisa gy’oyo agifulumya okusasula amabanja ge mitono nnyo.

Junk bonds kye ki era wandibadde oziteekamu ssente?
Obuyinza bw’okusasula junk bond
Wadde nga kino kiri bwe kityo, waliwo ekika kya bamusigansimbi abateeka ssente mu kiwandiiko kino eky’akabi ennyo. Junk bonds zifulumizibwa kkampuni ezirina erinnya ettono okusobola okusonda amangu ssente ezikozesebwa okukola bizinensi oba okusasula amabanja. Okugatta ku ekyo, zifulumizibwa mu biseera by’okutwala ebitongole okudda mu kifo kya ssente za bamusigansimbi.

Engeri ebyafaayo by’akatale ka junk bond gye byatandika

Ebyafaayo by’akatale ka junk bond byatandika mu myaka gya 1970. Michael Milken yali mu kunoonyereza okw’okwekenneenya emigabo egitalina kipimo. Yasobola okukakasa nti okutondawo ekifo eky’enjawulo ekya bondi ez’omutindo ogwa wansi mu bbanga eggwanvu, kireeta amagoba mangi bw’ogeraageranya n’ebikozesebwa ebirina ekipimo eky’amaanyi. Naye mu mbeera eno, emikisa gy’okulemererwa okusasula gyeyongera nnyo. Michael Milken yazudde enzirukanya y’akatale, nga kino kiri mu kukendeera kwa buli luvannyuma lwa kiseera mu migatte egy’obwesigwa, mu kiseera kino okulinnya kwa bondi ezitali nnungi we kutandikira.
Junk bonds kye ki era wandibadde oziteekamu ssente? Waliwo ebika by’empapula ng’ezo ebiwerako:

  • bamalayika abagwa – kampuni ezaali zirina ekipimo kya waggulu, naye kati nga zoolekedde ebizibu ebimu;
  • emmunyeenye ezigenda zikula – kkampuni ezitandikawo ezirina eby’obugagga ebitonotono ate nga tezimala kutebenkeza mu by’ensimbi, ezirina ekipimo ekitono;
  • Kkampuni ezirina amabanja amangi kumpi zigwa oba ddala kkampuni ezifunibwa nga zirina amabanja amanene;
  • Kkampuni ezikozesa kapito nnyingi ze kkampuni ezitalina kapito oba ebitongole ebitasobola kufuna looni, wamu n’ebyo ebyagala okusikiriza bamusigansimbi okuva mu bantu ssekinnoomu n’ebitongole eby’amateeka.

Engeri y’okuteeka ssente mu junk bonds

Nga tonnaba kuteeka ssente mu kiwandiiko kino, kyetaagisa okubala engeri gye kiri eky’omugaso n’okwekenneenya akabi akaliwo. Mu kusooka akatale keekenneenyezebwa okunoonyereza ku byafaayo bya kkampuni ezifulumya. Okunoonyereza ku katale kukolebwa okufuna endowooza ku nkola y’ebyenfuna eriwo kati n’ensonga endala ezikosa obusobozi bwa kkampuni. Ojja kwetaaga okufaayo ku njawulo mu nsimbi z’otaddemu n’okugula emigabo gy’abafulumya emigabo egiwerako. Okusinziira ku kwekenneenya okukoleddwa, okuteebereza okw’ekiseera ekiwanvu okw’amagoba n’enkyukakyuka y’enkyukakyuka yaago kukolebwa. Amagoba g’ekintu n’enneeyisa yaakyo ku katale bimanyiddwa olw’ebintu ebiwerako:

  • okukozesa ennyo obuvunaanyizibwa bw’amabanja mu katale ng’amagoba gaago amatuufu gasukka amagoba ku by’obugagga ebipima;
  • okweyongera oba okukendeera kw’amagoba tekikosa bbeeyi ya kiwandiiko, ekitayinza kwogerwa ku buvunaanyizibwa bw’amabanja aga bulijjo. Kino kiva ku biseera ebitali bikulu eri ekiseera ky’okusasula n’amagoba amangi ag’eby’obugagga;
  • amagoba ku bondi ezitali nnungi kisinziira butereevu ku mbeera eri mu by’enfuna.

Junk bonds kye ki era wandibadde oziteekamu ssente? Enneeyisa y’eby’obugagga bino egeraageranyizibwa ku nkyukakyuka y’emigabo, okuva amagoba gaabyo bwe geesigamiziddwa ku butebenkevu bw’embeera y’oyo agaba n’amaanyi gaayo. Singa ebyenfuna biyingira mu mbeera y’okusereba kw’eby’enfuna, bbeeyi y’empapula ezitali nnungi ekka nnyo, ng’enfuna y’oyo agifulumya ekendeera. Singa amagoba ga kkampuni geeyongera, olwo omuwendo gwa bondi gweyongera nnyo. Obutebenkevu bw’ebyenfuna mu gavumenti bukendeeza ku bulabe obuli mu kukola n’obuvunaanyizibwa bw’amabanja. High-yield bond (HDO), ebyafaayo by’okutondebwawo, embeera eriwo kati, kigwana okuteeka ssente mu junk bonds n’engeri y’obutafiirwa ssente, akatale ka junk bond mu Russia: https://youtu.be/j8FsQKE2l84

Engeri y’okulondamu omufulumya

Bamusigansimbi bakuwa amagezi obutasussa kimu kyakuna eky’ensimbi z’otereka mu bondi ezitali nnungi. Okukendeeza ku bulabe, omugabo gw’omufulumya omu mu kifo kino tegulina kusukka bitundu 5%. Bamusigansimbi abalina obumanyirivu tebatera kuteeka ssente ezisukka mu 10% ku nsimbi zaabwe eziriwo mu by’obugagga eby’ekika kino. Bw’oba ​​olonda bondi okugula, kyetaagisa okunoonyereza ku mirimu gy’oyo agifulumya naddala okuzuula oba alina emigabo emirala n’obuvunaanyizibwa bw’amabanja. Bafaayo ku mabanja ga gavumenti aga kkampuni n’omugugu gw’amabanja gonna awamu, ekisalawo okusobola okuwola ku kuwola mu mbeera ng’obulabe bw’okulemererwa okusasula bweyongera. Era balowooza ku ssuubi lya bizinensi ekitongole ky’erina akakwate. Essuubi ly’ekirowoozo kya bizinensi lijja kusinga kuyamba kkampuni okusasula abawozi.
Junk bonds kye ki era wandibadde oziteekamu ssente? Okukendeeza ku bulabe, olina okuteeka ssente mu bondi ezifulumizibwa kkampuni ezikola mu kitundu ekituufu eky’ebyenfuna. Balina eby’obugagga ebifulumya era ne bakola entambula y’ensimbi. Kirungi okwewala eby’obugagga ebiweereddwayo okwewola. Kino kikulu kubanga embeera esinga obubi eyanguyiza enkola y’okuteesa ku kuddamu okutegeka looni. Abakugu bawa amagezi okwewala okuteeka ssente mu junk bonds za kkampuni za IT, kubanga ebbanja lyazo lisukka omuwendo gw’eby’obugagga bye balina ku balansi yaabwe. Nga bateeka ssente mu bondi ezitali nnungi, abafulumya ssente okuva ebweru balina okukulembeza emiwendo gya bondi ezifuna amagoba amangi. Kino kijja kusobozesa okugabanya obulungi ekifo n’okukendeeza ku bulabe obuva ku muntu agaba okusasula okusobola okulemererwa okusasula. Kiba kigwana okuteeka ssente mu junk bonds era amagoba ga junk bonds gali ki: https://youtu.be/4Rfas4RGSEM Bamusigansimbi okwetoloola ensi yonna basinga kwagala junk bonds, kuba ebikozesebwa ebirina omutindo ogwa waggulu tebikusobozesa kubalirira ku magoba amangi. Okugeza, bondi z’eggwanika lya Amerika ez’emyaka kkumi ziwa amagoba ga bitundu 2.1% byokka buli mwaka. Era amagoba aga wakati aga junk bonds za Amerika gatuuka ku bitundu 5.8% buli mwaka.

info
Rate author
Add a comment