Kodi mutual funds ndi chiyani, mfundo zogwirira ntchito ndi ndalama

Mutual fund (mutual investment fund) – ndi chiyani m’mawu osavuta, ndalama zotseguka za Mutual Funds ndi Close-ended Mutual Funds mutual funds. Ndalama zomwe zimagwirizanitsa ndizopindulitsa kwambiri kwa osunga ndalama ang’onoang’ono ndi apakatikati. Njirayi imapangitsa kuti muzitha kuyika ndalama muzinthu zosiyanasiyana ndikupeza ndalama zopanda pake.

Mutual Funds: lingaliro ndi mfundo zogwirira ntchito za Mutual Funds

Ndalama zogulira limodzi kapena zophatikizana zidapangidwa poyambilira ndi cholinga chokopa majekeseni azachuma kuchokera kwa osunga ndalama omwe amapeza ndalama zambiri. Zopeza zotere komanso mfundo yakuphatikiza kwawo ndalama zama projekiti zazikulu zidapangitsa kuti chitukuko cha capitalist m’maiko aku Europe chiyambike m’zaka za zana la 19.

US mutual funds inayamba mu 1924. Zomangamanga zofananazi zinawonekera ku Russia kumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1900.

Lingaliro ndi mfundo za mgwirizano pakati pa Investor ndi kampani yogulitsa ndalama ndizofanana pamitundu yonse yandalama. Popanda chidziwitso ndi luso lofunikira pamsika wandalama, osunga ndalama ang’onoang’ono amapereka ndalama zawo kwa akatswiri azachuma. Amapatsidwa ntchito yokonza njira, kachitidwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.

Mutual Funds, ETFs, Mutual Funds: Common and Differences

Monga chiŵerengero choyamba, ndalama zonsezi zogulitsa ndalama zimayimira chinthu chomwecho. Zoonadi, amamangidwa pa mfundo zofanana, koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu. Pafupi ndi mtundu womwe ukuganiziridwa ndi ETF – index mutual fund. Dongosololi limapanga ntchito zake pakutsata ma index a stock. Ngakhale njira zopezera ndalama zochulukirapo, ma ETF ayamba kutchuka kutsidya lina. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonekera kwakukulu, zolipiritsa zotsika komanso njira yolondola yolondolera bwino.
Mutual fund ndi mutual fund ku Russia. Kapangidwe kameneka kamagwira ntchito makamaka pamsika wachitetezo waku Russia. Malo ochepa okha, monga VTB Capital Investments kapena Sberbank Investor, amagwira ntchito m’mabizinesi akunja. [id id mawu = “attach_12094” align = “aligncenter” wide = “565”]
Kodi thumba la ndalama ndi chiyani m’mawu osavuta[/ mawu]

Zofunika! Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ndale ndi zachuma, ndalama zogulira ndalama za Russian mutual fund zili pachiwopsezo chachikulu chifukwa chakusatsimikizika kwakukulu. Kuyanjana kwamakampani ogulitsa ndalama ndi Banki Yaikulu ya Russia, kusinthanitsa kwakukulu kwamasheya, kumakupatsani mwayi wochita bizinesi mwachizolowezi, koma ndi zoletsa zina.

Mosiyana ndi ndalama zakunja zakunja, zaku Russia zimangopangidwa ngati ndalama zolumikizana. Kulipira kwa magawo mu fomu yabungwe ndi malamulo sikuperekedwa. Kudziko lina, ndizololedwa kupanga ndalama zogulira ndalama monga makampani ophatikizana. Zogawana za ndalama zogwirizanitsa, kutengera mtundu wake (zotseguka kapena zotsekedwa), zimagawidwa kudzera mu thumba kapena kudzera mu stock exchange.
Chenjerani! Magawo a thumba la ndalama kapena magawo angagulidwe m’njira zosiyanasiyana: pamasom’pamaso, pa intaneti patsamba la thumba, kudzera ku kampani ya inshuwaransi, kapena kudzera mwa broker. Investment kudzera mu mutual fund imaloledwa pokhapokha mgwirizano ndi kampani yoyang’anira. Kusiyana kwakukulu kulinso mu ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kutenga nawo mbali pazachuma chilichonse kumatheka kokha mu ma ruble.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa ndalama zogwirizanitsa

Mofanana ndi njira iliyonse yopangira ndalama pazida zandalama, ndalama zogwirizanitsa sizili ndi ubwino wokha, komanso zimafunikanso kuganizira “misampha” ina. Ndalama zogwirizanitsa, malinga ndi nzeru, zimakhala ndi ubwino:

1. Zochita zamtundu uwu zamakampani ogulitsa ndalama zimayendetsedwa mosamalitsa ndi malamulo adziko lililonse . Ndi ndalama zomwe zimayang’anira ndondomeko ya ndalama. Kupanga njira yoyendetsera ndalama ndi machenjerero ndi ntchito ya thumba. Pankhaniyi, Investor amasewera chabe. Poika ndalama zake, amangopeza ndalama. Chitetezo cha osunga ndalama chimaperekedwa ndi mgwirizano wamapangano ndi kampani yogulitsa ndalama.
2. Wogulitsa safunikira kuyika ndalama zambiri . Mtengo wazinthu zodula ukhoza kukhala wokulirapo kambirimbiri kuposa kuthekera kwa osunga ndalama ang’onoang’ono ndi apakatikati. Zotsatira zabwino kwa iwo zimatheka ndi kupeza pamodzi kwa katundu wotere mwa kujowina thumba la ndalama.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, osunga ndalama ayenera kukonzekera chifukwa chakuti mtengo wamtengo wapatali sungakhale wolungamitsira ziyembekezo za kukula m’tsogolomu. Mofanana ndi zochitika zina zilizonse zachuma, kuyika ndalama pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zothandizirana kumakhala pachiwopsezo cha kutaya ndalama. Kodi mutual funds ndi chiyani – m’mawu osavuta: https://youtu.be/k4TYFq1_zv4

Kodi mutual funds ndi chiyani

Ndalama zothandizirana zimagawidwa m’mitundu yosiyanasiyana kutengera njira monga

kumasuka

Pali mitundu iyi:

• ndalama zotseguka nthawi zonse zimatulutsa magawo atsopano, omwe amagawidwa pakati pa osunga ndalama atsopano. Kutengera kusonkhanitsa kwa ma komisheni, magawo awiri amasiyanitsidwa: thumba lopanda katundu (commission simalipiridwa), thumba lokhala ndi katundu (commission is charged). Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, ndalama zotsegulira zotsegula zimatha kugula magawo kuchokera kwa osunga ndalama. Kugawidwa kwa magawo kumadutsa mu thumba lokha.
• ndalama zotsekedwa zimatulutsa mayunitsi ochepa, osagula magawo omwe adagawidwa kale. Malonda amapangidwa kudzera mu kusinthanitsa kwamasheya.

Zindikirani! Kugulidwa kwa mayunitsi otsekedwa kumatheka kudzera mwa ma broker kapena pa stock exchange. Ndikofunikira kusamala pakuyika ndalama mu ndalamazi ngati chuma chambiri sichinapangidwe mokwanira.

Kusankha katundu

Ndalama zogwirizanitsa zimapanga ntchito pakupeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya katundu. Zitha kukhala:

1. Zokwezedwa . Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupindula ndi magawo amakampani akuluakulu pakapita nthawi.
2. Zomangira . Choyamba, pali chidwi choyika ndalama m’mabondi anthawi yayitali aboma ndi mabungwe akuluakulu. Komabe, wobwereketsayo ayenera kudziwa kuti ndalamazo zidzaperekedwa msonkho. Kuyika ndalama mu ma bond a nthawi yayitali a ma municipalities amamasulidwa kuchoka ku msonkho wa msonkho.
3. Magawo ndi ma bond . Ndalama zomwe zimagwira ntchito mbali zonse ziwiri zimatchedwa kuti balanced.
4. Ngongole zanthawi yayitali ndi boma ndi makampani (zamsonkho) kapena tapala (zaulere). Ndalamazi zimatchedwa ndalama za msika wa ndalama.
5. Malo ndi nyumba zogulira, anthu kapena nyumba .

Udindo wapadera umakhala ndi zomwe zimatchedwa ndalama zandalama. Amayika ndalama m’magawo a ndalama zina.

Zosangalatsa kudziwa! M’mayiko otukuka pazachuma, ndalama zogwirizanitsa ndalama zimakhudzidwa ndi kusunga ndondomeko za penshoni. Othandizira kwambiri ndi opuma pantchito, katundu wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi midadada ya magawo odalirika amakampani akuluakulu omwe amapeza ndalama zokhazikika. Ndalama zimayikidwa kwakanthawi kochepa, nthawi yayitali ndi zaka 5. Ndalama zomwe zili ndi makhalidwe ofanana zimatchedwa ndalama za penshoni. Anapezeka kufalitsidwa kwambiri ku USA, Canada, Japan.

Phindu ndi zoopsa za ndalama zonse

Kupeza kwa phukusi lililonse lachitetezo kapena kuchuluka kwa magawo mu thumba la ndalama zolipirira ndi cholinga chopeza ndalama. Wogulitsa ndalama ali ndi chidwi ndi momwe ndalamazo zilili zodalirika. Zimatengera kupambana kwa thumba la ndalama zogwirira ntchito palokha, njira yake. Kuwerenga zomwe zachitika m’mbuyomu za kapangidwe kotereku kudzachepetsa kuopsa kotaya ndalama izi. The mutual fund investor amatenga nawo mbali popanga ndalama, koma ayenera kumvetsetsa bwino kuopsa kwa kutayika. Zowopsa izi zikuphatikizapo:

1. Kuopsa kwa kuchepa kwa mtengo wa katundu. Mumsika wachuma kapena msika wogulitsa nyumba, zinthu sizimachotsedwa pamene mtengo wa katundu ukhoza “kugwa”. Zotsatira zake, wogulitsa ndalama amataya ndalama zomwe amagulitsa mu mutual fund shares.
2. Chiwopsezo cha chiwongola dzanja, i.e. kuchepa kwa chiwongola dzanja, zomwe zingapangitse kutsika kwa zokolola za gawolo.
3. Ngozi yamadzimadzi, i.e. khalidwe lachitetezo. Izi zingayambitse kutaya kwa mtengo wawo.
4. Chiwopsezo cha kusokonekera kwachuma. Chifukwa cha kuyambika kwa zovuta, osunga ndalama ambiri angafunike kubweza ndalama. Izi zidzafuna ndalama zazikulu, zomwe thumba ilibe.

Zofunika! Powunika momwe ndalama zimagwirira ntchito pokhudzana ndi phindu ndi chiwopsezo, munthu sayenera kuyiwala za ma komisheni ndi zolipira ku thumba la ndalama. Makampani osiyanasiyana ali ndi malipiro osiyanasiyana. Muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti ndalama zokhala ndi zokolola zambiri zimakhala ndi ndalama zambiri komanso ndalama zambiri.

Momwe mungasungire ndalama

Mukasankha kuyika ndalama pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zogwirizanitsa, muyenera kusanthula zonse zomwe mungathe. Mukamagula magawo (magawo) a thumba lakunja, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti muyenera kutsegula akaunti ndi banki yakunja. Ndikofunikiranso kudziwitsa ofesi yamisonkho. Ngati kuyanjana ndi nyumba zakunja kumayambitsa zovuta, ndiye kuti ndibwino kusankha njira yapakhomo.
Posankha zosankha zilizonse, muyenera kutsatira mbiri ndi kupambana kwa mutual fund. Muyenera kusamala ndi makampani omwe amapereka ndalama zambiri kapena akhala akutenga nawo gawo pamsika kwazaka zosakwana zitatu. Sizovuta kukhumudwa ndi kampani yachinyengo yomwe ili ndi chisankho chabwino.

Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani za Mercury mutual fund. Kapangidwe kameneka kamadziwika ngati piramidi yazachuma kuyambira 2015. Mu 2017, idasintha dzina lake kukhala Mercury Global. Akadali wotchuka m’mayiko ena pambuyo pa Soviet.

Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zodziwika kwambiri za njira yopezera ndalama pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zogwirizanitsa komanso kupanga mbiri ya ndalama ndi zomwe zinachitikira Investor waku America John Bogle. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu: ntchitoyo iyenera kukhala yokhazikika, yokhala ndi zitetezo zaku America, mbiriyo ndi “yosavuta” yokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi ma bond. Tsatanetsatane angapezeke mu ntchito wolemba wa Investor John Bogle “Mutual Funds”, amene akhoza dawunilodi kwaulere pa ukonde. Mutha kudziwa zambiri ndi chithandizo cha intaneti kapena akatswiri othandizira. Posankha chisankho, zimangokhala kuti mupeze malo a thumba.

Ndalama zodziwika bwino komanso zodalirika

Vanguard Long-Term Investment-Grade Adm (VWETX)

Gululi, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi John Bogle, limaphatikizapo ndalama zogwirizanitsa 120, ndalama zoposa 200 index. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndikuti ndalama zamagulu sizimalipira komishoni. Kukopa kwa gululi n’kodziwikiratu, kumaphatikizapo osunga ndalama oposa 20 miliyoni ochokera m’mayiko 170. Malo achitatu pakati pa US mutual funds. Imayang’ana pa ngongole zapakatikati

BlackRock Global Allocation Instl (MALOX)

Ili ndi magawo angapo apangidwe. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala kotheka kuyika ndalama mumitundu yonse yazinthu. Kungoyang’ana pa katundu wolemera kwambiri, pali thumba lapadera.
Kugulitsa kophatikizana pomaliza mgwirizano wamakontrakitala ndikosavuta kwa iwo omwe alibe chidziwitso chapadera ndi luso m’derali. Ndalama zogwirizanitsa, m’mawu osavuta, ndi mabungwe omwe amapereka mwayi wopeza ndalama poika ndalama zochepa komanso ndi ndalama zochepa zomwe sizili akatswiri.