Chii chinonzi mutual funds, nheyo dzekushanda uye mari

Mutual fund (mutual investment fund) – chii chiri mumashoko akareruka, open-ended Mutual Funds uye Close-ended Mutual Funds mutual funds. Kudyidzana mari dzekudyara dzinonyanya kufarira kune vadiki uye vepakati vatengesi. Iyi nzira inoita kuti zvikwanisike kuisa mari muzvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana uye kugamuchira mari yekungoita.

Mutual Funds: iyo pfungwa uye misimboti yekushanda kweMutual Funds

Kudyidzana kana mari yekudyara yakabatana yakatanga kugadzirwa nechinangwa chekukwezva majekiseni emari muhupfumi kubva kune vanoisa mari neavhareji mari. Mari yakadai uye musimboti wekubatanidzwa kwavo kwekudyara muzvirongwa zvakakura zvakabvumira kuvandudzwa kwekugadzirwa kwecapitalist munyika dzeEurope kutanga kwezana ramakore re19.

US mutual funds yakatanga muna 1924. Zvimiro zvakafanana zvakaonekwa muRussia pakupera kwezana remakore rechi20.

Pfungwa nemisimboti yekudyidzana pakati pemuridzi nekambani yekudyara zvakangofanana kune ese marudzi emari. Vasina ruzivo rwakakosha uye hunyanzvi mumusika wekudyara, vatengesi vadiki vanoisa mari yavo kune nyanzvi dzekudyara mari. Ivo vanopihwa basa rekuvandudza zano, maitiro ezviyero zvesangano, uye nekugadzirisa panguva yezviito zvinoenderana nemamiriro emusika.

Mutual Funds, ETFs, Mutual Funds: Zvakajairwa uye Kusiyana

Sekufungidzira kwekutanga, mari idzi dzese dzekudyara dzinomiririra chinhu chimwe chete. Zvechokwadi, ivo vakavakwa pamisimboti yakafanana, asi pane misiyano yakakura. Pedyo nemhando iri kutariswa ndeye ETF – index mutual fund. Ichi chimiro chinovaka zviitiko zvaro pakutevera stock indices. Pasinei nemamwe maitiro ekusimudza mari, ETFs iri kuwana mukurumbira mhiri kwemakungwa. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekujeka kukuru, mubhadharo wakaderera uye inoshanda zvakanaka index tracking mechanism.
A mutual fund ndiyo mutual fund muRussia. Chimiro chinoshanda zvakanyanya pamusika weRussia securities. Zvimiro zvishoma zvakakura, zvakaita seVTB Capital Investments kana Sberbank Investor, zvinoshanda mune zvibatiso zvekunze.

Zvakakosha! Nekuda kwekuchinja kwemamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika uye ehupfumi, mari muRussia mutual fund iri panjodzi huru nekuda kwehuwandu hwekusagadzikana. Kudyidzana kwemakambani ekudyara neCentral Bank yeRussia, iyo huru stock exchanges, inobvumidza iwe kuita bhizinesi semazuva ese, asi nezvimwe zvirambidzo.

Kusiyana nemari yekudyara kunze kwenyika, maRussia anogadzirwa chete semari inowirirana. Kubhadharwa kwezvikamu mune iyi fomu yesangano uye yepamutemo haina kupihwa. Kunze kwenyika, zvinotenderwa kugadzira mari yekudyara nenzira yemakambani akabatana-stock. Migove yemutual funds, zvichienderana nerudzi rwayo (yakavhurika kana yakavharwa), inogoverwa kungave kuburikidza nehomwe kana kuburikidza nestock exchange.
Attention! Mutual fund units kana zvikamu zvinogona kutengwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana: mumunhu, paIndaneti panzvimbo yehomwe, kuburikidza nekambani yeinishuwarenzi, kana kunyange kuburikidza nemutengesi. Investment kuburikidza nemutual fund inobvumirwa chete kuburikidza nechibvumirano nekambani yekutarisira. Musiyano wakakosha uriwo mumari inoshandiswa. Kubatanidzwa mune mutual funds kunogoneka chete muRubles.

Zvakanakira uye zvakaipira zvekubatana mari

Kungofanana nechero nzira yekuisa mari mumidziyo yezvemari, kubatanidzwa kwekudyara hakungobatsiri chete, asi kunodawo kufunga nezve mamwe “misungo”. Kudyidzana mari, maererano nekunzwisisa, kune zvakanakira:

1. Rudzi urwu rwekuita kwemakambani ekudyara anodzorwa zvakanyanya nemutemo wechero nyika . Ndiyo mari iyo inobata basa rekutsvaga mari. Kugadzira chirongwa chekudyara uye matekiniki ndiro basa rehomwe. Muchiitiko ichi, mutengesi anoita basa rekuita. Nekudyara mari yake, anongowana mari. Kudzivirirwa kwevanoisa mari kunopihwa nehukama hwechibvumirano nekambani yekudyara.
2. Iye investor haafanire kuisa mari yakakosha . Kukosha kwezvinhu zvinodhura zvinogona kupeta zvakapetwa kaviri pane zvingangoitika kune vadiki uye vepakati-kati vatengesi. Mhedzisiro yakanaka kwavari inowanikwa nekutora pamwe chete kwezvinhu zvakadaro nekujoinha homwe yemari.

Panguva imwecheteyo, vanoisa mari vanofanirwa kunge vakagadzirira chokwadi chekuti kukosha kweiyo asset hakugone kururamisa tarisiro yekukura mune ramangwana. Kufanana nechero imwe kutengeserana kwemari, kuisa mari kuburikidza nemutual funds kunoenderana nenjodzi yekurasikirwa nemari. Chii chinonzi mutual funds – nemashoko ari nyore: https://youtu.be/k4TYFq1_zv4

Chii chinonzi mutual funds

Mutual funds inokamurwa kuva mhando dzakasiyana zvichienderana nemaitiro akadai

pachena

Kune marudzi anotevera:

• open -ended funds inogara ichiburitsa migove mitsva, iyo inogoverwa pakati pevanoisa mari. Zvichienderana nekuunganidzwa kwemakomisheni, madiki madiki maviri anosiyaniswa: homwe isina mutoro (komisheni haina kubhadhariswa), homwe ine mutoro (komisheni inobhadharwa). Chero zvazvingaitika, mari yekudyara yakavhurika inogona kutenga migove kubva kune vanoisa mari. Kugoverwa kwemasheya kunongopfuura nehomwe.
• yakavharwa -yekupedzisira mari inoburitsa nhamba shoma yemayuniti, usatenga mayuniti akagoverwa kare. Kutengeserana kunoitwa kuburikidza nestock exchanges.

Cherechedza! Kutengwa kwezvikamu zvakavharwa zvinogoneka chete kuburikidza nemabroker kana pane stock exchange. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuchenjerera nezvekudyara mune idzi mari kana iyo portfolio yemidziyo isina kuumbwa zvizere.

Kusarudzwa kweasset

Kudyidzana mari inovaka chiitiko pakutorwa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemidziyo. Inogona kuva:

1. Promotions . Inoshandiswa kuita purofiti kubva kumasheya emakambani makuru munguva refu.
2. Zvisungo . Chekutanga pane zvese, pane kufarira kuisa mari mumabhondi ehurumende kwenguva refu uye zvisungo zvemakambani makuru. Nekudaro, mubhadharisi anofanirwa kuziva kuti mari yacho inobhadharwa. Iko mari mumabhondi enguva refu yemanisipala inosunungurwa kubva pamutero wemutero.
3. Migove nemabond . Mari inoshanda kumativi ose inonzi balanced.
4. Zvikwereti zvenguva pfupi ndezvehurumende nemakambani (mutero) kana maseru (pasina mutero). Mari idzi dzinonzi money market mutual funds.
5. Zvivakwa zvekutengesa, zvemagariro kana zvekugara .

Chinzvimbo chakakosha chinobatwa neinonzi mari dzemari. Vanoisa mari muzvikamu zveimwe mutual fund.

Zvinonakidza kuziva! Munyika dzakabudirira mune zvehupfumi, mutual investment funds inobatanidzwa mukuchengetedza mapenjeni evanhu. Vanonyanya kubatsira ndevemudyandigere, midziyo inoshandiswa mabhuroko ezvikamu zvakavimbika zvemakambani makuru ane mari yakadzikama. Mari inoiswa kwenguva pfupi, iyo yakanyanya nguva ndeye makore mashanu. Kudyidzana mari dzine hunhu hwakafanana dzinonzi mari dzepenjeni. Yakawanikwa kupararira kwakakura muUSA, Canada, Japan.

Profitability uye njodzi dzemubatanidzwa mari

Kutorwa kwechero pasuru yezvibatiso kana imwe nhamba yemashares mune mutual investment fund ine chinangwa chekuunza mari. The investor anofarira kuti yakavimbika sei mari yakadaro. Izvo zvinoenderana nekubudirira kweiyo collective investment fund pachayo, zano rayo. Kudzidza chiitiko chekare chechimiro chakadaro kunoderedza njodzi dzekurasikirwa nemari iyi. The mutual fund investor inotora chikamu chisingaiti mukugadzira mari, asi anofanira kuva nekunzwisisa kwakajeka kwengozi dzekurasikirwa. Ngozi idzi dzinosanganisira:

1. Ngozi yekuderera kwekukosha kwezvinhu. Mumusika wemari kana mumusika weimba, mamiriro ezvinhu haatongerwi apo mutengo weasset unogona “kudonha”. Nekuda kweizvozvo, investor anorasikirwa pane capital inoiswa mune mutual fund shares.
2. Dambudziko remhindu, i.e. kuderera kwemhindu, izvo zvinozoita kuti goho regoho riderere.
3. Liquidity ngozi, i.e. kunaka kwezvivimbiso. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kwekukosha kwavo.
4. Dambudziko rekushaya mari. Nekuda kwekutanga kwedambudziko, vazhinji vanoisa mari vanogona kuda kudzoka pakudyara. Izvi zvinoda mari yakakura, iyo homwe yacho isina.

Zvakakosha! Paunenge uchiongorora chimiro chekudyara maererano nepurofiti uye njodzi, munhu haafanire kukanganwa nezvekomisheni uye kubhadhara kune mari yekuisa mari. Makambani akasiyana ane mari dzakasiyana. Iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti mari ine goho repamusoro ine mutengo wakakura uye mubhadharo wakakwira.

Nzira yekuisa mari

Paunenge uchifunga kuisa mari kuburikidza nemutual fund, unofanirwa kuongorora zvese zvinogoneka sarudzo. Paunenge uchitenga mayuniti (shares) ekunze mutual fund, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti uchafanirwa kuvhura account nebhangi rekunze. Zvinosungirwawo kuzivisa hofisi yemutero. Kana kudyidzana nezvivakwa zvekunze kuchikonzera matambudziko, saka zviri nani kusarudza imwe nzira yemumba.
Kusarudza chero sarudzo, iwe unofanirwa kuteedzera nhoroondo uye kubudirira kweiyo mutual fund. Iwe unofanirwa kungwarira makambani anopa madzoro akakwira kana anga ari vatori vechikamu pamusika kweasingasviki makore matatu. Hazvina kuoma kugumburwa nekambani yekubiridzira ine sarudzo isina kunaka.

Semuenzaniso, funga nezvemamiriro ezvinhu neMercury mutual fund. Chimiro chave chichizivikanwa sepiramidhi yemari kubvira 2015. Muna 2017, yakachinja zita rayo kuita Mercury Global. Ichiri kufarirwa mune dzimwe nyika dzepost-Soviet.

Mumwe wemienzaniso inonyanya kufarirwa yemaitiro ekudyara kuburikidza nemutual fund uye kuumbwa kweiyo investment portfolio chiitiko chemuAmerican investor John Bogle. Pfungwa huru: iyo portfolio inofanirwa kuve yakaenzana, inosanganisira kuchengetedzwa kweAmerica, iyo portfolio iri “nyore” nekusiyana-siyana nemabhondi. Tsanangudzo inogona kuwanikwa mune yemunyori basa re investor John Bogle “Mutual Funds”, iyo inogona kutorwa mahara pamambure. Iwe unogona kuwana ruzivo rwakakwana nerubatsiro rweInternet masevhisi kana nyanzvi yezano. Sezvo wasarudza pamusoro pesarudzo, zvinosara chete kuwana nzvimbo yehomwe.

Yakakurumbira uye yakavimbika mutual funds

Vanguard Yenguva Yakareba Yekudyara-Giredhi Adm (VWETX)

Iri boka, rakavambwa naJohn Bogle, rinosanganisira zana nemakumi maviri emari mutual funds, anopfuura mazana maviri index mari. Chinonyanya kufadza ndechekuti mari yeboka haibhadharise komisheni. Kukwezva kweboka kuri pachena, kunosanganisira vanopfuura mamirioni makumi maviri vanoisa mari kubva kunyika dze170. Nzvimbo yechitatu pakati peUS mutual funds. Inotarisa pazvikwereti zvepakati-kati

BlackRock Global Allocation Instl (MALOX)

Iine mativi akawanda emuumbirwo. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kuisa mari mumhando dzese dzezvinhu. Kuti utarise chete pamari inobereka zvakanyanya, kune homwe yakaparadzana.
Kubatana kwekudyara kuburikidza nekupedzisa kwehukama hwechibvumirano kwakanakira avo vasina ruzivo rwakakosha uye hunyanzvi munzvimbo ino. Kudyidzana mari, mumashoko akareruka, masangano anopa mukana wekuwana mari nekudyara mari shoma uye nenguva shoma yekudyara nevasiri nyanzvi vanoisa mari.