Lichelete tse kopanetsoeng ke life, melao-motheo ea ts’ebetso le matsete

Mutual fund (mutual investment fund) – ke eng ka mantsoe a bonolo, Open-end Mutual Funds le Close-ended Mutual Funds mutual funds. Lichelete tsa matsete a kopanetsoeng li na le thahasello e khethehileng ho boramatsete ba banyenyane le ba mahareng. Mokhoa ona o etsa hore ho khonehe ho tsetela matlotlong a fapaneng le ho fumana chelete e kenang feela.

Lichelete tse Kopanetsoeng: mohopolo le melao-motheo ea ts’ebetso ea Lichelete tsa Mutual

Lichelete tsa matsete a kopanetsoeng kapa tse kopanetsoeng li qalile ka sepheo sa ho hohela liente tsa chelete moruong ho tsoa ho bo-ramatsete ba nang le chelete e kenang. Lichelete tse joalo le molao-motheo oa ho kopanya ha bona bakeng sa matsete mererong e meholo li ile tsa lumella nts’etsopele ea tlhahiso ea bokapitale linaheng tsa Europe mathoasong a lekholo la bo19 la lilemo.

Lichelete tse kopanetsoeng tsa US li qalile ka 1924. Mehaho e tšoanang e ile ea hlaha Russia qetellong ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo.

Maikutlo le melao-motheo ea tšebelisano pakeng tsa motseteli le k’hamphani ea matsete e batla e tšoana bakeng sa mefuta eohle ea lichelete. Ka ho hloka tsebo le litsebo tse hlokahalang ‘marakeng oa matsete, bo-ramatsete ba banyenyane ba beha mehloli ea bona ea lichelete ho lichelete tsa matsete a litsebi. Ba tšepetsoe nts’etsopele ea leano, boits’oaro ba mehato ea mokhatlo, le tokiso e nakong ea liketso ho latela maemo a mmaraka.

Lichelete tse Kopanetsoeng, Li-ETF, Lichelete tse Kopanetsoeng: Tse Tloaelehileng le Liphapang

E le khakanyo ea pele, lichelete tsena tsohle tsa lichelete li emela ntho e le ‘ngoe. Ka sebele, li hahiloe holim’a melao-motheo e tšoanang, empa ho na le phapang e khōlō. Haufi le mofuta o ntseng o nahanoa ke ETF – index mutual fund. Sebopeho sena se theha mesebetsi ea sona ho latela li-indices tsa stock. Ho sa tsotellehe mekhoa e mengata ea ho phahamisa chelete, li-ETF li ntse li tsebahala mose ho maoatle. Sena se bakoa ke ponaletso e kholoanyane, litefiso tse tlase le mokhoa o sebetsang hantle oa ho latela index.
Letlole la kopanelo ke letlole la kopanelo naheng ea Russia. Sebopeho se sebetsa haholo-holo ‘marakeng oa matšeliso a Russia. Ke meaho e ‘maloa feela e meholo, joalo ka VTB Capital Investments kapa Sberbank Investor, e sebetsang ho matlotlo a kantle ho naha.

Bohlokoa! Ka lebaka la maemo a fetohileng a lipolotiki le moruo, matsete a lichelete tsa Russia tse kopanetsoeng a kotsing e kholo ka lebaka la boemo bo phahameng ba ho hloka botsitso. Tšebelisano ea lik’hamphani tsa matsete le Banka e Bohareng ea Russia, e leng phapanyetsano e kholo ea lichelete, e u lumella ho etsa khoebo ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng, empa ka lithibelo tse ling.

Ho fapana le lichelete tsa lichelete tsa kantle ho naha, tsa Russia li bōptjoa feela e le lichelete tse kopanetsoeng. Tefo ea meputso ka mokhoa ona oa mokhatlo le oa molao ha o fanoe. Linaheng tse ling, ho lumelloa ho theha lichelete tsa lichelete ka mokhoa oa lik’hamphani tse kopanetsoeng. Likabelo tsa lichelete tse kopanetsoeng, ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa eona (o butsoeng kapa o koetsoeng), o ajoa ka letlole kapa ka phapanyetsano ea lichelete.
Ela hloko! Li-unit tsa lichelete tse kopanetsoeng li ka rekoa ka mekhoa e fapaneng: ka seqo, inthaneteng sebakeng sa letlole, ka k’hamphani ea inshorense, kapa ka morekisi. Ho tsetela ka letlole la kopanelo ho lumelloa feela ka tumellano le khamphani ea botsamaisi. Phapang ea bohlokoa e boetse e teng licheleteng tse sebelisoang. Ho kenya letsoho licheleteng tse kopanetsoeng ho ka khoneha feela ka li-ruble.

Melemo le bofokoli ba matsete a kopanetsoeng

Joalo ka ts’ebetso leha e le efe ea ho kenya chelete ka lisebelisoa tsa lichelete, lichelete tse kopanetsoeng ha li na melemo feela, empa hape li hloka ho ela hloko “likoti” tse itseng. Lichelete tse kopanetsoeng, ho latela kutloisiso e tloaelehileng, li na le melemo:

1. Mofuta ona oa ts’ebetso ea lik’hamphani tsa matsete o laoloa ka thata ke molao oa naha efe kapa efe . Ke lichelete tse ikarabellang bakeng sa ts’ebetso ea matsete. Ho theha leano la matsete le maqheka ke mosebetsi oa letlole. Tabeng ena, motjhelete o phetha karolo ea bohlokoa. Ka ho tsetela lichelete tsa hae, o fumana chelete feela. Tšireletso ea batseteli e fanoa ke likamano tsa konteraka le k’hamphani ea matsete.
2. Motjhelete ha a hloke ho tsetela chelete e ngata . Boleng ba matlotlo a theko e boima bo ka ba boholo ka makhetlo a mangata ho feta bokhoni ba bo-ramatsete ba banyenyane le ba mahareng ba ka bang teng. Phello e ntle ho bona e finyelloa ka ho nkuoa ka kopanelo ha thepa e joalo ka ho kenela letlole la matsete.

Ka nako e ts’oanang, batjhelete ba lokela ho itokisetsa taba ea hore boleng ba thepa bo ka ‘na ba se ke ba lokafatsa litebello tsa kholo nakong e tlang. Joalo ka ts’ebetso efe kapa efe ea lichelete, ho tsetela ka lichelete tse kopanetsoeng ho ka ba kotsing ea tahlehelo ea chelete. Lichelete tse kopanetsoeng ke eng – ka mantsoe a bonolo: https://youtu.be/k4TYFq1_zv4

Lichelete tse kopanetsoeng ke eng

Lichelete tse kopanetsoeng li arotsoe ka mefuta e fapaneng ho latela litekanyetso tse kang

ho buleha

Ho na le mefuta e latelang:

• lichelete tse bulehileng kamehla li fana ka likarolo tse ncha, tse ajoang har’a batseteli ba bacha. Ho itšetlehile ka pokello ea likomishene, li-subclasses tse peli li khetholloa: letlole le se nang mojaro (komisi ha e lefelloe), letlole le nang le mojaro (komisi e lefisoa). Leha ho le joalo, lichelete tsa lichelete tse bulehileng li ka reka likarolo ho tsoa ho batseteli. Kabo ea likarolo e tsamaea feela ka letlole.
• Lichelete tse koetsoeng li fana ka palo e lekanyelitsoeng ea li-unit, u se ke ua reka likarolo tse neng li ajoa pele. Likhoebo li etsoa ka li-stock exchanges.

Hlokomela! Ho reka li-unit tse koetsoeng ho ka khoneha feela ka barekisi kapa ka phapanyetsano ea li-stock. Hoa hlokahala ho ba hlokolosi mabapi le ho tsetela licheleteng tsena haeba potefolio ea thepa e sa thehoa ka botlalo.

Khetho ea thepa

Lichelete tse kopanetsoeng li theha mosebetsi oa ho fumana mefuta e fapaneng ea thepa. E ka ba:

1. Likhothatso . E sebelisetsoa ho fumana phaello ho tsoa ho likarolo tsa lik’hamphani tse kholo ka nako e telele.
2. Litlamo . Pele ho tsohle, ho na le thahasello ea ho tsetela ho libonto tsa nako e telele tsa mmuso le litlamo tsa likhoebo tse kholo. Leha ho le joalo, motseteli o tlameha ho tseba hore chelete e kenang e tla khafisoa. Peeletso ya dibonto tsa nako e telele tsa bomasepala e lokollwa boima ba lekgetho.
3. Likabelo le libond . Lichelete tse sebetsang mahlakoreng ka bobeli li bitsoa balanced.
4. Litšireletso tsa nako e khuts’oane tsa mekoloto ke tsa mmuso le tsa khoebo (tse lefisoang) kapa masepala (mahala lekhetho). Lichelete tsena li bitsoa money market mutual funds.
5. Likaho bakeng sa merero ea khoebo, ea sechaba kapa ea bolulo .

Boemo bo khethehileng bo tšoaretsoe ke seo ho thoeng ke lichelete tsa lichelete. Ba tsetela ho likarolo tsa lichelete tse ling tse kopanetsoeng.

Hoa thahasellisa ho tseba! Linaheng tse tsoetseng pele moruong, lichelete tsa lichelete tse kopanetsoeng li kenya letsoho ho boloka mekhoa ea penshene ea sechaba. Bafani ba ka sehloohong ke ba penshene, thepa e sebelisoang ke li-block tsa likarolo tse tšepahalang tsa likhoebo tse kholo tse nang le chelete e kenang e tsitsitseng. Lichelete li tseteloa ka nako e khuts’oane, nako e telele ke lilemo tse 5. Lichelete tse kopanetsoeng tse nang le litšobotsi tse tšoanang li bitsoa lichelete tsa penshene. E fumanoe kabo e pharaletseng USA, Canada, Japan.

Phaello le likotsi tsa matsete a kopanetsoeng

Ho fumanwa ha sephutheloana sefe kapa sefe sa disekhuriti kapa palo e itseng ya diabo letloleng la matsete a kopanetsweng ho reretswe ho hlahisa lekeno. Motjhelete o thahasella hore na chelete e joalo e ka tšeptjoa joang. E itšetlehile ka katleho ea letlole la matsete a kopanetsoeng ka boeona, leano la lona. Ho ithuta boiphihlelo bo fetileng ba sebopeho se joalo ho tla fokotsa likotsi tsa ho lahleheloa ke chelete ena. Mohoebi oa lichelete tse kopanetsoeng o nka karolo e fokolang ho hlahiseng chelete, empa o tlameha ho ba le kutloisiso e hlakileng ea likotsi tsa tahlehelo. Likotsi tsena li kenyelletsa:

1. Kotsi ea ho fokotseha ha boleng ba thepa. ‘Marakeng oa lichelete kapa marakeng oa thekiso ea matlo, maemo ha a qheleloe ka thōko ha theko ea thepa e ka “oela”. Ka lebaka leo, motjhelete o lahleheloa ke chelete e tsetelitsoeng ho likarolo tsa lichelete tsa lichelete.
2. Kotsi ea sekhahla sa tsoala, ke hore. ho fokotseha ha sekgahla sa tswala, e leng se tla lebisa ho theoheng ha kotulo ya kabelo.
3. Kotsi ea mokelikeli, i.e. boleng ba securities. Sena se ka lebisa tahlehelong ea boleng ba tsona.
4. Kotsi ea ho se sebetse ka lichelete. Ka lebaka la ho qala ha koluoa, bafani ba bangata ba ka ‘na ba batla ho khutlisetsoa matsete. Sena se tla hloka mehloli e mengata ea lichelete, eo letlole le se nang eona feela.

Bohlokoa! Ha ho hlahlojoa sebopeho sa matsete mabapi le phaello le kotsi, motho ha aa lokela ho lebala ka likomishene le litefo ho letlole la matsete. Likhamphani tse fapaneng li na le litefiso tse fapaneng. U hloka ho utloisisa hore lichelete tse nang le lihlahisoa tse phahameng li na le litšenyehelo tse kholo le litefiso tse phahameng.

Mokhoa oa ho tsetela

Ha u etsa qeto ea ho tsetela ka lichelete tse kopanetsoeng, o hloka ho sekaseka likhetho tsohle tse ka khonehang. Ha u reka likarolo (liabo) tsa letlole la kantle ho naha, ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa hore o tla hloka ho bula ak’haonte le banka ea kantle ho naha. Hape ke tlamo ho tsebisa ofisi ea lekhetho. Haeba ho sebelisana le mehaho ea linaheng tse ling ho baka mathata, joale ho molemo ho khetha mokhoa o mong oa malapeng.
Ho khetha khetho efe kapa efe, o hloka ho latela nalane le katleho ea letlole la mutual. U lokela ho ela hloko lik’hamphani tse fanang ka phaello e phahameng kapa esale e le bankakarolo ba ‘maraka ka nako e ka tlase ho lilemo tse 3. Ha ho thata ho khoptjoa ke k’hamphani ea bolotsana e nang le khetho ea boleng bo tlaase.

Ka mohlala, nahana ka boemo ba Mercury mutual fund. Sebopeho se ‘nile sa amoheloa e le piramide ea lichelete ho tloha ka 2015. Ka 2017, e fetotse lebitso la eona ho Mercury Global. E ntse e tsebahala linaheng tse ling tsa ka mor’a Soviet Union.

E ‘ngoe ea mehlala e tummeng ka ho fetisisa ea mokhoa oa ho tsetela ka lichelete tse kopanetsoeng le ho thehoa ha lichelete tsa lichelete ke phihlelo ea mohoebi oa Amerika John Bogle. Maikutlo a ka sehloohong: mosebetsi o lokela ho ba o leka-lekaneng, o na le li-securities tsa Amerika, mosebetsi o “bonolo” o nang le mefuta e fapaneng ea li-bond. Lintlha li ka fumanoa mosebetsing oa mongoli oa motseteli John Bogle “Mutual Funds”, e ka kopitsoang mahala marang-rang. U ka fumana boitsebiso bo feletseng ka thuso ea litšebeletso tsa Inthanete kapa setsebi sa setsebi. Ha u se u entse qeto ka khetho, e sala feela ho fumana sebaka sa letlole.

Lichelete tse kopanetsoeng tse tsebahalang le tse tšepahalang

Vanguard Nako e Telele ea Matsete-Kereiti ea Adm (VWETX)

Sehlopha, se thehiloeng ke John Bogle, se kenyelletsa lichelete tse 120 tse kopanetsoeng, lichelete tse fetang 200 tsa index. Ntho e khahlang haholo ke hore lichelete tsa sehlopha ha li lefe komisi. Khahleho ea sehlopha sena e hlakile, e kenyelletsa bo-ramatsete ba fetang limilione tse 20 ba tsoang linaheng tse 170. Boemo ba boraro har’a lichelete tse kopanetsoeng tsa US. E tsepamisitse maikutlo holim’a mekoloto ea nako e mahareng

BlackRock Global Allocation Instl (MALOX)

E na le likarohano tse ‘maloa tsa sebopeho. Sena se etsa hore ho khonehe ho tsetela mefuta eohle ea thepa. Ho tsepamisa maikutlo feela ho lihlahisoa tse phahameng, ho na le letlole le arohaneng.
Matsete a kopanetsoeng ka ho phethoa ha likamano tsa konteraka ho loketse ba se nang tsebo le litsebo tse khethehileng sebakeng sena. Lichelete tse kopanetsoeng, ka mantsoe a bonolo, ke mekhatlo e fanang ka monyetla oa ho fumana chelete ka ho tsetela chelete e nyane le ho tsetela nako e fokolang ke batseteli bao e seng litsebi.