Niki mutuelle, amahame yimikorere nishoramari

Ikigega cya mutuelle (mutuelle mutuelle) – niki mumagambo yoroshye, gufungura-mutuelle ya mutuelle hamwe na hafi ya mutuelle ya mutuelle. Amafaranga yo gushora imari arashimishije cyane kubashoramari bato n’abaciriritse. Ubu buryo butuma bishoboka gushora imari mumitungo itandukanye no kwakira amafaranga yinjira.

Amafaranga ya mutuelle: igitekerezo n’amahame yo gukora ya mutuelle

Amafaranga yo gushora hamwe cyangwa guhuriza hamwe yabanje gushingwa hagamijwe gukurura amafaranga mubukungu mubashoramari binjiza impuzandengo. Amafaranga yinjiza n’ihame ryo guhuriza hamwe gushora imari mu mishinga minini byatumye iterambere ry’umusaruro w’abashoramari mu bihugu by’Uburayi guhera mu kinyejana cya 19.

Amafaranga yo muri Amerika yatangiriye mu 1924. Inzego nk’izo zagaragaye mu Burusiya mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya 20.

Igitekerezo n’amahame yimikoranire hagati yumushoramari nisosiyete ishora imari birasa kubwoko bwose bw’amafaranga. Kubura ubumenyi nubuhanga bukenewe ku isoko ryishoramari, abashoramari bato bashinzwe umutungo wabo mumafaranga yishoramari ryumwuga. Bashinzwe gushyiraho ingamba, imyitwarire yingamba zubuyobozi, no guhindura ibikorwa mugihe gikwiye bitewe nisoko.

Amafaranga ya mutuelle, ETFs, Amafaranga ya mutuelle: Rusange nibitandukaniro

Nkugereranya kwambere, ayo mafranga yose yishoramari yerekana ikintu kimwe. Mubyukuri, zubakiye kumahame amwe, ariko hariho itandukaniro rikomeye. Hafi yubwoko burimo gusuzumwa ni ETF – indangagaciro ya mutuelle. Iyi miterere yubaka ibikorwa byayo mugukurikirana ibipimo byimigabane. Nubwo hashyizweho ingamba zo gukusanya imari, ETF iragenda ikundwa mumahanga. Ibi biterwa no gukorera mu mucyo, amafaranga make hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa neza bwo gukurikirana.
Ikigega cya mutuelle ni ikigega cya mutuelle mu Burusiya. Imiterere ikorera cyane cyane ku isoko ry’imigabane y’Uburusiya. Gusa inzego nini nini, nka VTB Capital Investments cyangwa Sberbank Investor, zikorera mumigabane yamahanga.
Niki mutuelle mumagambo yoroshye [/ caption]

Ni ngombwa! Bitewe n’ibidukikije byahinduwe mu rwego rwa politiki n’ubukungu, ishoramari mu kigega cy’Uburusiya rifite ibyago byinshi kubera urwego rudashidikanywaho. Imikoranire yamasosiyete yishoramari na Banki Nkuru yUburusiya, ivunjisha rikuru, igufasha gukora ubucuruzi nkuko bisanzwe, ariko hamwe n’ibibujijwe.

Bitandukanye n’amafaranga y’ishoramari ry’amahanga, Uburusiya bushingwa gusa nkubwisungane. Kwishura inyungu muri ubu buryo bwo gutunganya no gutanga amategeko ntibiteganijwe. Mu mahanga, biremewe gushinga amafaranga yishoramari muburyo bwibigo byimigabane. Imigabane ya mutuelle, bitewe n’ubwoko bwayo (ifunguye cyangwa ifunze), itangwa haba mu kigega cyangwa binyuze mu kuvunja.
Itondere! Igice cya mutuelle cyangwa imigabane birashobora kugurwa muburyo butandukanye: kumuntu, kumurongo kurubuga rwikigega, binyuze mumasosiyete yubwishingizi, cyangwa no mubunzi. Ishoramari binyuze muri mutuelle ryemewe gusa binyuze mumasezerano nisosiyete icunga. Itandukaniro ryingenzi naryo riri mumafaranga yakoreshejwe. Kwitabira mutuelle birashoboka mumafaranga gusa.

Ibyiza n’ibibi byo gushora hamwe

Kimwe nuburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo gushora amafaranga mubikoresho byimari, ishoramari rihuriweho ntabwo rifite inyungu gusa, ahubwo risaba no kuzirikana “imitego”. Amafaranga ya mutuelle, ukurikije imyumvire isanzwe, afite ibyiza:

1. Ubu bwoko bwibikorwa byamasosiyete yishoramari bigengwa cyane namategeko yigihugu icyo aricyo cyose . Amafaranga niyo ashinzwe inzira yishoramari. Gutegura ingamba zishoramari namayeri ninshingano yikigega. Muri iki gihe, umushoramari agira uruhare rukomeye. Mugushora amafaranga ye, yakira gusa inyungu. Kurinda abashoramari bitangwa numubano wamasezerano nisosiyete ishora imari.
2. Umushoramari ntakeneye gushora amafaranga menshi . Agaciro k’umutungo uhenze karashobora kuba inshuro nyinshi kurenza ubushobozi bwabashoramari bato n’abaciriritse. Ingaruka nziza kuri bo igerwaho no guhuriza hamwe imitungo nkiyi mukigega cyishoramari.

Muri icyo gihe, abashoramari bagomba kwitegura kumenya ko agaciro k’umutungo kadashobora kwerekana ishingiro ry’iterambere mu gihe kiri imbere. Kimwe nubundi buryo bwo gucuruza amafaranga, gushora imari binyuze mubwisungane bishobora guterwa no gutakaza amafaranga. Amafaranga ya mutuelle ni ayahe – mumagambo yoroshye: https://youtu.be/k4TYFq1_zv4

Amafaranga ya mutuelle ni iki

Amafaranga ya mutuelle agabanijwe muburyo butandukanye bushingiye kubipimo nka

gufungura

Hariho ubwoko bukurikira:

• gufungura – amafaranga yatanzwe buri gihe atanga imigabane mishya, igabanywa mubashoramari bashya. Ukurikije icyegeranyo cya komisiyo, ibyiciro bibiri bitandukanijwe: ikigega kidafite umutwaro (komisiyo ntabwo yishyurwa), ikigega gifite umutwaro (komisiyo yishyurwa). Ibyo ari byo byose, amafaranga yishoramari arangije ashobora kugura imigabane kubashoramari. Isaranganya ry’imigabane rinyura mu kigega gusa.
• gufunga -kigega cyamafaranga gitanga umubare ntarengwa wibice, ntugure ibice byatanzwe mbere. Ubucuruzi bukorwa binyuze mu kuvunja.

Icyitonderwa! Kugura ibice bifunze-bishobotse gusa binyuze mubunzi cyangwa ku isoko ryimigabane. Birakenewe kwitondera gushora imari muri aya mafranga niba portfolio yumutungo itarakozwe neza.

Guhitamo umutungo

Amafaranga ya mutuelle yubaka ibikorwa muburyo bwo kubona umutungo utandukanye. Irashobora:

1. Kuzamurwa mu ntera . Ikoreshwa mu kunguka imigabane yimishinga minini mugihe kirekire.
2. Ingwate . Mbere ya byose, hari inyungu zo gushora imari muri leta igihe kirekire na bonds zamasosiyete manini. Nyamara, umushoramari agomba kumenya ko amafaranga azasoreshwa. Ishoramari mumasezerano maremare yamakomine arekurwa mumisoro.
3. Imigabane na bonds . Amafaranga akora mubyerekezo byombi yitwa kuringaniza.
4. Impapuro z’imyenda y’igihe gito ni leta hamwe n’ibigo (bisoreshwa) cyangwa amakomine (nta musoro). Aya mafranga yitwa amafaranga yisoko ryamafaranga.
5. Umutungo utimukanwa kubucuruzi, imibereho cyangwa gutura .

Umwanya udasanzwe ukorwa nicyo bita amafaranga y’amafaranga. Bashora mumigabane yandi mafranga.

Birashimishije kubimenya! Mu bihugu byateye imbere mu bukungu, amafaranga y’ishoramari agira uruhare mu kubungabunga gahunda y’izabukuru. Abaterankunga nyamukuru ni pansiyo, umutungo ukoreshwa ni uduce twimigabane yizewe yamasosiyete manini yinjiza neza. Amafaranga yashowe mugihe gito, igihe ntarengwa ni imyaka 5. Amafaranga ya mutuelle afite imiterere isa yitwa pansiyo. Habonetse gukwirakwizwa muri Amerika, Kanada, Ubuyapani.

Inyungu n’ingaruka zo gushora hamwe

Kugura igipapuro icyo aricyo cyose cyimigabane cyangwa umubare runaka wimigabane mu kigega cyishoramari kigamije kwinjiza amafaranga. Umushoramari ashishikajwe nuburyo ayo mafaranga yizewe. Biterwa nitsinzi ryikigega rusange cyishoramari ubwacyo, ingamba zacyo. Kwiga uburambe bwabanjirije imiterere nkiyi bizagabanya ingaruka zo gutakaza uyu musaruro. Umushoramari wa mutuelle agira uruhare rugaragara mu kwinjiza amafaranga, ariko agomba kumva neza ingaruka ziterwa nigihombo. Izi ngaruka zirimo:

1. Ibyago byo kugabanuka kwagaciro k’umutungo. Ku isoko ryimari cyangwa isoko ryimitungo itimukanwa, ibintu ntibishobora kuvaho mugihe igiciro cyumutungo gishobora “kugabanuka”. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umushoramari atakaza igishoro cyashowe mumigabane ya mutuelle.
2. Ingaruka yinyungu, ni ukuvuga kugabanuka kw’inyungu, bizatuma igabanuka ry’umusaruro w’umugabane.
3. Ibyago byamazi, ni ukuvuga ubwiza bw’impapuro. Ibi birashobora gutuma batakaza agaciro kabo.
4. Ibyago byo kutishyura amafaranga. Kubera ikibazo gitangiye, ababitsa benshi barashobora gusaba inyungu kubushoramari. Ibi bizakenera umutungo munini wimari, ikigega kidafite.

Ni ngombwa! Iyo usuzumye imiterere yishoramari mubijyanye ninyungu ningaruka, umuntu ntagomba kwibagirwa ibya komisiyo no kwishyura ikigega cyishoramari. Ibigo bitandukanye bifite amafaranga atandukanye. Ugomba kumva ko amafaranga afite umusaruro mwinshi afite ikiguzi kinini namafaranga menshi.

Uburyo bwo gushora imari

Mugihe uhisemo gushora imari binyuze mumafaranga, ugomba gusesengura inzira zose zishoboka. Mugihe uguze ibice (imigabane) yikigega cy’amahanga, ni ngombwa kumva ko uzakenera gufungura konti muri banki yamahanga. Ni itegeko kandi kubimenyesha ibiro by’imisoro. Niba imikoranire ninzego zamahanga zitera ingorane, noneho nibyiza guhitamo ubundi buryo bwo murugo.
Guhitamo uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose, ugomba gukurikirana amateka nitsinzi ya mutuelle. Ugomba kwitondera ibigo bitanga inyungu nyinshi cyangwa ukaba witabiriye isoko mugihe kitarenze imyaka 3. Ntabwo bigoye gutsitara kuri sosiyete yibeshya ifite amahitamo mabi.

Nkurugero, suzuma uko ibintu bimeze hamwe na mutuelle ya Mercury. Imiterere yamenyekanye nka piramide yimari kuva 2015. Muri 2017, yahinduye izina yitwa Mercury Global. Biracyakunzwe mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe bya nyuma y’Abasoviyeti.

Imwe mu ngero zizwi cyane z’uburyo bwo gushora imari binyuze mu bwisungane no gushinga imishinga ishora imari ni uburambe bw’umushoramari w’umunyamerika John Bogle. Ibitekerezo byingenzi: portfolio igomba kuringanizwa, igizwe nimpapuro zabanyamerika, portfolio “yoroshye” hamwe no gutandukana na bonds. Ibisobanuro birambuye murashobora kubisanga mubikorwa byumwanditsi wumushoramari John Bogle “mutuelle”, ushobora gukururwa kubuntu kuri net. Urashobora kubona amakuru yuzuye ubifashijwemo na serivisi za interineti cyangwa umujyanama wabigize umwuga. Tumaze gufata icyemezo cyo guhitamo, hasigaye gusa gushakisha ikigega.

Amafaranga azwi kandi yizewe

Vanguard Igihe kirekire-Ishoramari-Icyiciro (VWETX)

Itsinda ryashinzwe na John Bogle, rikubiyemo amafaranga 120 ya mutuelle, amafaranga arenga 200 yerekana. By’umwihariko birashimishije nuko amafaranga yitsinda atishyuza komisiyo. Ubwiza bw’itsinda buragaragara, burimo abashoramari barenga miliyoni 20 baturutse mu bihugu 170. Umwanya wa gatatu mumafaranga yo muri Amerika. Yibanze ku mpapuro zigihe gito

BlackRock Yagabanijwe Kwisi yose (MALOX)

Ifite amacakubiri menshi. Ibi bituma bishoboka gushora imari muburyo bwose. Kugirango twibande gusa kububiko butanga umusaruro mwinshi, hari ikigega cyihariye.
Ishoramari rihuriweho binyuze mu gusoza umubano wamasezerano ryoroheye abadafite ubumenyi nubuhanga bwihariye muriki gice. Amafaranga ya mutuelle, mumagambo yoroshye, ni amashyirahamwe atanga amahirwe yo kwinjiza amafaranga ashora amafaranga make kandi hamwe nishoramari ryigihe gito nabashoramari badafite umwuga.