Ziziphi iingxowa-mali ezithengiswayo, utyalo-mali kwi-BPIF

I-BPIFs – yintoni na ngokwemigaqo elula kunye nendlela yokutyala imali ekutshintshiselaneni-kurhweba ngayo, indlela yokuthenga kwi-Moscow Exchange. Ukuqala ngo-2020, abantu baya bekhula benomdla kutyalo-mali ukuze baqinisekise ukuguga okungakhathaliyo okanye ukonyusa utyalo-mali lwabo, kodwa utyalo-mali lufuna ulwazi oluthile. Kweli nqaku sithetha nge-BPIFs, siya kuhlalutya iingenelo kunye nokungalunganga kweso sixhobo, kwaye siphendule imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo.

Yintoni i-BPIF ngamagama alula

Isishunqulelo se-BPIF yingxowa-mali yotyalo-mali ethengiswayo. Esi sixhobo, eyona njongo iphambili kukubonelela ngembuyekezo ephezulu xa kuthelekiswa neediphozithi kwiimveliso zebhanki eziqhelekileyo. Ifanelekile kubo bobabini abatyali-mali abanamava kunye nabaqalayo. Kutshintshiselwano unokufumana imali ye-BPIF kunye ne-ETF, inomahluko omnye obalulekileyo:

1. Ii- ETF ziimali ezibhaliswe ngaphandle kweRussian Federation, kodwa ziyafumaneka ukuze zithengwe eRashiya;
2. I-BPIF ayifani nokwandulelayo, ngaphandle kokuba loo mali ibhaliswe kuphela kwi-Russian Federation, ipotifoliyo inokubandakanya izibambiso zeenkampani ezivela kwamanye amazwe.

Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba kukho i-mutual fund-ingxowa-mali yotyalo-mali ehlangeneyo engathengiswanga kwi-stock exchanges. Ukuthengwa kolu hlobo lwe-asethi kunokwenziwa ngokuthe ngqo kwinkampani yokulawula. Awudingi
akhawunti ye – brokerage kule nto. https://articles.opexflow.com/investments/pif.htm Kodwa izibambiso ze-BPIF zingathengwa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-stock exchange. Kwanele ukuba umtyalo-mali angene kwi-stock exchange ngqo okanye ngokusebenzisa abalamli, umzekelo, ngokusebenzisa i-
Tinkoff Investments , khetha i-fund kwaye uthenge inani elifunekayo lezabelo. I-BPIFs inokubandakanya: izabelo zeenkampani ezinengeniso, imali, isinyithi esixabisekileyo, njengegolide, kunye nezinye izinto. Ingxowa-mali eqhelekileyo okanye ukutshintshiselana ngengxowa-mali ehlangeneyo-unokukhetha ntoni kwaye yohluke njani kwenye: https://youtu.be/fpoDFrnvQDo

Izinto ezikhethekileyo

Ii-BPIFs azikho phantsi kolawulo olusebenzayo, kuba iinkampani zolawulo zinezabelo ixesha elide, ngoko ke uqikelelo alukho umbuzo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ubume bepotfoliyo yengxowa-mali ayitshintshi iminyaka elishumi. Ukuthengwa kweeyunithi zengxowa-mali kwenza kube lula ukutyalomali kwii-asethi ezingafumanekiyo kwiimarike zotshintshiselwano ngokwahlukeneyo. Abaseki beemali benza iingxelo rhoqo, ngoko akukho mathandabuzo malunga nokucaca. Kwakhona, kwiimarike ezininzi zotshintshiselwano, unokulandelela ubume bepotfoliyo ngexesha langempela. Iimfuno zeeyunithi zotyalo-mali lweengxowa-mali zotshintshiselwano-zohwebo ku-https://www.moex.com/a2613

Isebenza njani iBPIF

Abaseki be-BPIFs bafumana ii-asethi ngeemali ezityalwe ngabatyali-mali kwingxowa-mali ngokuthenga izabelo. Lo wokugqibela, naye, uba ngumnini-ndawonye wazo zonke izibambiso kwipotfoliyo. Isabelo silukhuseleko olufanayo njengesabelo esiqhelekileyo. Amaxabiso eyunithi yenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo, oku kwenzeka yonke imihla, ngaphandle kweempelaveki. Zixhomekeke kwixabiso lee-asethi ezikwipotfoliyo yengxowa-mali. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba izibambiso zenye yeenkampani ziye zaphakama ngokukhawuleza, ngoko isabelo siya kunyuka kwixabiso, oku kwenzeka ngokufanayo. I-BPIF kunye ne-ETF – yintoni umahluko, ukufana kunye nokwahlukana, okulungileyo kunye nokubi: https://youtu.be/4wPpZM_JmCs

Uyithenga njani iBPIF

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuthenga nayiphi na i-asethi, kufuneka uvule i-akhawunti ye-brokerage. Eyona ndlela ilula yokwenza oku kukusebenzisa iibhanki ezinkulu ze-intanethi, ezibonelela ngokutyalwa kwemali kwizibambiso, umzekelo:

• Tinkoff;
• IBhanki yeAlfa;
• Sberbank.

https://articles.opexflow.com/brokers/brokerskij-schet.htm Ngokuqinisekileyo, kukho ezinye iibhanki, kodwa ezi zithandwa kakhulu kwiRussian Federation. Unako kwakhona ukuvula akhawunti brokerage ngqo, umzekelo, kwi Moscow Exchange. I-Sberbank exchange-trade mutual funds: ingaba kufanelekile ukutyala imali kwi-SBMX, SBSP, SBRB, SBCB kunye ne-SBGB yeemali ezihlangeneyo: https://youtu.be/DBrrF-z-1do

Inyathelo ngenyathelo umyalelo

Ukusebenzisa umzekelo
wesicelo seTinkoff Investments https://www.tinkoff.ru/invest/, siya kuhlalutya indlela onokuthi uthenge ngayo iiyunithi zengxowa-mali. Ukuthenga, bhalisa kwisicelo, uze uye kwicandelo elithi “Yintoni onokuyithenga”, ibekwe ezantsi kweprogram.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo kukukhetha ingxowa-mali, ungayifumana kwibar yokukhangela, okanye uye kwicandelo elithi “Iimali”.
Ibonisa zonke iimali ezinokuthengwa okwangoku. Kukho ukukwazi ukukhangela ngeendlela ezithile, kwaye unokubona utshintsho kumaxabiso e-asethi ngosuku lokugqibela lomsebenzi. Kumzekelo we-Tinkoff Eternal Portfolio fund, unokubona ukuba ukuthengwa kwezabelo kwenzeka njani. Kufuneka uyifumane kuluhlu ngokubanzi okanye ngophendlo.
Apha ungabona itshathi yokutshintsha kwexabiso lexesha elithile, kunye nokuqhelana nesakhiwo, injongo kunye nokubunjwa kwengxowa-mali kwithebhu ethi “Overview”. Ungajonga kwakhona iindaba zamva nje apho. Ukuthenga isabelo, kufuneka ucofe iqhosha elihambelanayo eliluhlaza.
Emva koko, umsebenzisi uya kuba kwimenyu yokuthenga, apho ixabiso langoku liya kuba khona okwangoku. Kufuneka ucacise inani lamaqashiso, uze ucofe iqhosha elithi “Thenga”. Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ukuba ngeli xesha utshintshiselwano alukho inani elifunekayo lezabelo kwixabiso elinikeziweyo, ngoko umyalelo uya kuba ngumda wokukhawulela – amaqashiso awayi kuthengwa ngexabiso eliphezulu kunelo linikezelweyo.

Ziziphi iindleko kunye neekhomishini

Musa ukulibala malunga neekomishini, njengoko abadayisi babonelela ngeenkonzo ngesiseko esihlawulwayo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwi-asethi ekhethiweyo, ikhomishini inokuhluka kancinci, kodwa xa kuthengwa inani elikhulu lezabelo, umtyalo-mali uya kuziva umehluko, ngoko kufuneka uhlawule ingqalelo. Iindleko ezintathu eziphambili zinokuhlukaniswa, ngaphezu kweendleko zesabelo.

1. ikhomishini yomthengisi . Ngokuqhelekileyo incinci kwaye ayidluli i-0.1-0.3%, kuba abadayisi banomdla ekusebenzisaneni nabantu ngabanye.
2. Ukuhlawula iindleko zengxowa-mali yotshintshiselwano . Ayigqithi kwi-0.1% ye-avareji yesivuno ngonyaka.
3. IKomishini esekwe ngabaseki . Kuyafuneka ukuze inkampani yolawulo ikwazi ukulawula ii-asethi.

Inzala eya kwiindleko zengxowa-mali kunye nolawulo idla ngokuqukwa kwixabiso lesabelo. Zibalwa yonke imihla, kuxhomekeke kwixabiso lepotfoliyo iyonke.

Malunga nee-BPIFs kwi-MOEX https://www.moex.com/s190

Ukukhetha i-ETF

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokukhetha i-fund, phantse zonke zihambelana ngokusondeleyo neenjongo zotyalo-mali, kuba zinenqanaba elihlukeneyo lomngcipheko. Iinjongo ezithile ziya kukunceda ukhethe i-ETF efanelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, iimali ezilungeleleneyo zilungelelanisa i-stocks eziwayo ngenxa yokuba zinempahla kwipotfoliyo yazo ezinokuhlawulela ukuwa. Ingxowa-mali enjalo inokubizwa ngokuba yi-conservative, ekubeni imingcipheko kunye nembuyekezo iphantsi. Ilungele ukugubungela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye nokwenza imali encinci. Iingxowa-mali zomngcipheko ezibandakanya izabelo zifanelekile kwiinjongo zexesha elide. Uninzi lwezitokhwe zinyuka kumgama, kodwa ziyakwazi ukungahambi kakuhle ixesha elifutshane. Kubalulekile ngokulinganayo ukukhetha imali oza kuyityala ngayo kwingxowa-mali. ERashiya, bahlala betyala imali kwi-ruble, kodwa imbono yexesha elide iyancipha imali yelizwe ngokukhawuleza. kuneeuro okanye idola yaseMelika. Kukho imigaqo emibini engundoqo:

• ii-asethi zengxowa-mali akufanele zixhomekeke kwenye;
• ikhomishini yokuthenga nokuthengisa kufuneka ibe ncinane.

Emva kokuthenga i-asethi, kungcono ukulibala malunga nayo, kuba akukho sizathu sokubukela ukukhula okanye ukuwa kwezabelo. Kanye ngenyanga okanye nangaphantsi rhoqo,
ungaguqula ipotifoliyo yakho .

Iintlobo

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze-BPIFs.

1. Vula . Olu hlobo lufanelekile kubaqalayo, ungathenga kwaye uthengise i-asethi ngexesha leeyure zokusebenza ngaphandle kwezithintelo. Kuthathwa njengowona mngcipheko omncinci, kuba umtyali-mali unolawulo oluphezulu kutyalo-mali lwakhe.
2. Ikhefu . Ukuthenga nokuthengisa kuvunyelwe kuphela ngamaxesha athile, ngokuqhelekileyo amaxesha amaninzi unyaka wonke, kwaye ixesha alidluli kwiiveki ezimbini. Imingcipheko kunye nemivuzo inkulu kunombono ovulekileyo, kuba abasunguli banokulawula iimali kwaye bangakhathazeki ukuba abatyali-mali abangafundanga baya kuqala ukuxhalaba ngexesha lokulungiswa okanye ukuhla kwexesha elifutshane.
3. Ivaliwe . Olu hlobo luthetha utyalo-mali lwexesha elide – ubuncinci iminyaka emininzi. Ii-asethi azinakulawulwa nangayiphi na indlela de iphelelwe yimali.

Iipros and cons of BPIFs

Ngenxa yenani le-BPIFs, umtyali-mali unokutyala ngokukhawuleza kuluhlu olubanzi lwe-asethi. Kodwa isixhobo ngasinye sineengenelo kunye nokungonakali. Izinto ezintle ziquka:

• ukukwazi ukuthenga izibambiso ezingekho kwimarike yaseRashiya okanye i-stock exchange;
• ekulungeleyo ukwahlula ipotifoliyo yakho;
• iimali ezihlangeneyo azikho phantsi kweerhafu kwizabelo zeenkampani zaseRashiya;
• iindleko zesabelo esinye se-BPIF yasekhaya ingaba ngama-ruble amaninzi, ekuvumela ukuba ungene kunye notyalo-mali oluncinci;
• unokuthenga izinto zangaphandle nge-BPIFs, oku kuya kukusindisa kwiingxaki ezingeyomfuneko ngeembuyekezo zerhafu;
• ithuba lokufumana ukutsalwa kwerhafu, ngokuxhomekeke ekufumanekeni kweakhawunti yotyalo-mali lomntu ngamnye.

Imveliso ye-BPIF yaseRashiya ingaba phezulu kune-ETF zangaphandle, ezinepotifoliyo efanayo. Izinto ezingeloncedo ziquka:

• ezinye iimali azikho elubala ngokwaneleyo;
• iikomishini ezinkulu eziqaliswe ngabaseki;
• iindleko ezinxulumene nerhafu yesahlulo;
• ngamanye amaxesha amaxabiso e-asethi kwiingxowa-mali ashiyeka ngasemva awokwenene.

Kufuneka ulumkele iimali ezisanda kusungulwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo akukho lwazi malunga nabo, olungavumeli ukuhlola umngcipheko wotyalo-mali. Kwakhona, abadlali abatsha bahlala beneekhomishini eziphezulu, kwaye oku sele kuyingxaki enkulu xa kuthelekiswa nabakhuphisana nabo.

Ngaba kufuneka ndihlawule irhafu nge-BPIF

Irhafu kwizabelo, izabelo kunye neentlawulo zamakhuphoni zihlawulwa yinkampani yolawulo lwengxowa-mali. Umtyalo-mali unyanzelekile ukuba ahlawule irhafu kuphela kwingeniso ayifumene ngexesha lokuthengisa izibambiso, oko kukuthi, kumahluko phakathi kwamaxabiso okuthengisa nokuthenga. Ukuba ugcina imali kwi-BPIF ngaphezulu kweminyaka emithathu, umtyali-mali ukhululekile ekuhlawuleni irhafu yezibonelelo zerhafu. Ukufumana ikhefu lerhafu, kufuneka ubambe izabelo ubuncinane iminyaka emithathu, ngaphandle kokuba ingeniso yayingaphantsi kwezigidi ezintathu zeeruble ngonyaka. Oko kukuthi, ukuba umtyalo-mali ufumene ngaphantsi kwee-ruble ezisithoba kwiminyaka emithathu, ngoko ukhululiwe ekuhlawuleni irhafu ekutsalweni kwerhafu.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba umkhosi, amapolisa kunye nabasebenzi baseburhulumenteni batyale imali kwi-BPIF

Abasebenzi bee-arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho weRussian Federation banokutyala imali kwi-BPIFs, ebandakanya kuphela impahla yasekhaya. Kodwa kukho ukuvinjelwa kweemali zangaphandle, okuchazwe kumthetho othi “NgokoKulwa noRhwaphilizo”. Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba akuzona zonke izikhundla eziwela phantsi kwesi sithintelo, ngoko ke kungcono ukuziqhelanisa noluhlu.

Ii-BPIFs kunye neemeko ekuqaleni kuka-2022

Namhlanje kukho
abathengisi abaninzi abafuna ukufumana abatyali-mali abasisigxina. Ukuba ngaphambili bekufuneka ume kwimigca emikhulu ukuze uthenge ukhuseleko, ngoku yonke into yenzeka kwi-intanethi ngokucinezela iqhosha elithi “Thenga”. Umrhwebi ngamnye unikezela ngeemeko zakhe kwaye uneempawu ezizodwa.

Utshintshiselwano lweemali ezihlangeneyo kwi-Moscow Exchange

Utshintshiselwano lwaseMoscow ngexesha lika-2022 linikezela nge-BPIF elandelayo https://www.moex.com/msn/etf. Oku kunceda abaqalayo ukuba baqonde indlela esebenza ngayo. Unokuqala ukutyalomali kwiimali kwi-Moscow Exchange ukusuka kwi-ruble ye-100.

Tinkoff

I-Tinkoff ineeBPIF ezininzi ezidumileyo, ikhonkco https://www.tinkoff.ru/invest/tinkoff-capital/, ziqinisekisa ukukhula kwepotfoliyo ezinzileyo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Unokuthenga, umzekelo, izabelo ze-RUB Eternal Portfolio fund, ekhululwe ngokupheleleyo kwikhomishini yomthengisi.
Iqukethe iinxalenye ezine ezilinganayo: imali kunye neebhondi zexesha elifutshane, izabelo zenkampani, igolide kunye neebhondi. I-Tinkoff iyahlula-hlula ipotifoliyo ukuba enye yee-asethi yonyuka kakhulu. Ixabiso lezabelo liqala ukusuka kuma-ruble angama-5, kwaye isivuno esingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-18 sasingama-850 ekhulwini.

Sberbank

I-Sberbank inikeza ezininzi ze-BPIF https://www.sberbank.ru/ru/person/investments/pifs kunye naluphi na umgangatho womngcipheko. Ilungele abatyali-mali abaqalayo. Umda wokungena ngu-1 isabelo, kwaye iindleko ziqala ukusuka kwii-ruble ezimbalwa. Unokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iimpahla ngokukhawuleza ngexesha leeyure zokusebenza, kwaye iikhomishini kunye neendleko azidluli ipesenti ze-1.

VTB

Ibhanki ilawula ngaphezu kwe-20 BPIFs https://broker.vtb.ru/services/pif/, ihlaziya ixabiso le-asethi yonke imihla ngaphandle kweendleko, kwaye iphinde ikhusele ukonga kwi-inflation. Ubuncinci bokungena kwi-ruble ye-1000. Ingxowa-mali ephakathi komngcipheko ibuyisele ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezili-12 kulo nyaka uphelileyo. I-BPIFs kwi-Moscow Exchange ikumfanekiso wekhusi ongezantsi, kwaye uluhlu olupheleleyo luka-2022 luyafumaneka ku https://www.moex.com/msn/etf: MOEX

Kuphela zii-stocks, iibhondi, imali, ipropati kunye nezinye ii-asethi ezithile ezinokubandakanywa kwingxowa-mali yotshintshiselwano yorhwebo. Ingxowa-mali yangaphandle ayinakubandakanya i-BPIF, okanye ibe yingxowa-mali ebhaliswe ngaphandle kwe-Russian Federation.

Imibuzo neempendulo

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba abasunguli bale ngxowa-mali bayatshona? Ingxowa-mali yotyalo-mali ayiyompahla yenkampani yolawulo. Ukuba inkampani iyatshona, ngoko ke akuyi kukwazi ukubuyisela imali kwi-BPIF, zonke iimali ziya kubuyiselwa kubanikazi, ingxowa-mali iya kuphela, kwaye abasunguli baya kuphulukana nelayisensi yabo.
Ngaba kufuneka ndithengise izabelo ukuba ixabiso lengxowa-mali liyehla? Lo mbuzo ujongene nawo wonke umntu omtsha oqala ukutyalomali kwiingxowa-mali ezihlangeneyo. Inyaniso kukuba inqaku leemali ezininzi zibuyisela ixesha elide, ngoko ke ukuba iingozi zincinci, ke oku kukulungiswa kwexesha elifutshane. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, nokuba ukuthengisa okanye akukho sisigqibo somntu ngamnye wotyalo-mali, akulimazi ukuqonda ukuba yintoni kanye ewela kwixabiso, ukwenza uhlalutyo, kwaye kuphela emva kokuba ezi zenzi zithatha isigqibo sokugqibela.
Ngaba ndiyakwazi ukwakha ipotfoliyo ngokwam ukuze ndingahlawuli mali ezongezelelweyo kwingxowa-mali? Ukuba kukho ixesha kunye nethuba, ngoko akukho mntu ukwalela ukuba wenze ipotfoliyo ngokwakho. Nangona kunjalo, oku akusoloko kunenzuzo, kuba iinkampani zolawulo zineengcali ezifanelekileyo ezisebenza kwipotifoliyo ngalo lonke ixesha.
Ngaba i-BPIF ingaqinisekisa ngenzuzo? Okokuqala, akunakwenzeka, kuba akukho mntu waziyo ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni kwii-asethi ngomso. Kwaye okwesibini, akuvumelekanga ngumthetho.