Ni ubuhe buryo bwo guhanahana ibicuruzwa, gushora imari muri BPIF

BPIFs – ni ubuhe buryo bworoshye nuburyo bwo gushora imari mungurana ibitekerezo, uburyo bwo kugura ku Isoko rya Moscou. Guhera muri 2020, abantu barushijeho gushishikarira gushora imari kugirango basaza batitaye cyangwa bongere ishoramari ryabo, ariko ishoramari risaba ubumenyi runaka. Muri iki kiganiro turimo kuvuga kuri BPIFs, tuzasesengura ibyiza nibibi byigikoresho, kandi tunasubize ibibazo bikunze kubazwa.
Ubwoko bw’amafaranga ya mutuelle [/ caption]

BPIF niki mumagambo yoroshye

Amagambo ahinnye ya BPIF ni ikigega cyo gushora imari mu bucuruzi. Iki nigikoresho, intego nyamukuru yacyo ni ugutanga inyungu nyinshi ugereranije no kubitsa mubicuruzwa bisanzwe byamabanki. Birakwiriye kubashoramari bafite uburambe nabatangiye. Ku kungurana ibitekerezo ushobora kubona amafaranga ya BPIF na ETF, bafite itandukaniro rimwe rikomeye:

1. ETF ni amafaranga yanditswe hanze y’Uburusiya, ariko araboneka kugura mu Burusiya;
2. BPIF ntaho itandukaniye nabayibanjirije, usibye ko ayo mafranga yanditswe gusa muri Federasiyo y’Uburusiya, mu nshingano zishobora kuba harimo impapuro z’amasosiyete aturuka mu bindi bihugu.

Twabibutsa kandi ko hari ikigega cya mutuelle – ikigega cyo gushora imari kidacuruzwa ku ivunjisha. Kugura ubu bwoko bwumutungo birashobora gukorwa muburyo butaziguye nisosiyete icunga. Ntukeneye
na konte ya brokerage kubwibi . https://articles.opexflow.com/investments/pif.htm Ariko impapuro za BPIF zirashobora kugurwa muburyo butaziguye. Birahagije ko umushoramari yinjira mu isoko ryimigabane mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa binyuze mu bahuza, urugero, binyuze mu
ishoramari rya Tinkoff , hitamo ikigega hanyuma ugure umubare ukenewe w’imigabane. BPIFs irashobora kubamo: imigabane yamasosiyete yunguka, ifaranga, ibyuma byagaciro, nka zahabu, kimwe nibindi bintu. Ikigega gisanzwe cyangwa guhana mutuelle – icyo guhitamo nuburyo umwe atandukanye nundi: https://youtu.be/fpoDFrnvQDo

Umwihariko

BPIFs ntabwo zigengwa nubuyobozi bukora, kubera ko ibigo byubuyobozi bifata imigabane igihe kirekire, bityo rero ibitekerezo ntibishoboka. Mubisanzwe imiterere yikigega ntigihinduka kumyaka icumi. Kugura ibice byikigega bituma bishoboka gushora imari mumitungo itaboneka kumasoko yo kuvunja ukwayo. Abashinze amafaranga bakora raporo zisanzwe, ntagushidikanya rero kubijyanye no gukorera mu mucyo. Na none, mumasoko menshi yo kuvunja, urashobora gukurikirana imiterere ya portfolio mugihe nyacyo.
Urugero rwimiterere ya BPIF

Uburyo BPIF ikora

Abashinze BPIFs babona umutungo n’amafaranga abashoramari bashoye muri iki kigega bagura imigabane. Iheruka, nayo, ihinduka umufatanyabikorwa wimpapuro zose muri portfolio. Umugabane numutekano umwe nkumugabane usanzwe. Ibiciro byibice bishyirwaho byikora, ibi bibaho burimunsi, usibye muri wikendi. Biterwa n’agaciro k’umutungo uri mu nshingano z’ikigega. Kurugero, niba impapuro zagaciro za imwe mubisosiyete yazamutse cyane, noneho umugabane uzamuka mubiciro, ibi nabyo bibaho muburyo bunyuranye. BPIF na ETF – ni irihe tandukaniro, ibisa kandi bitandukanye, ibyiza n’ibibi: https://youtu.be/4wPpZM_JmCs

Nigute wagura BPIF

Mbere yuko utangira kugura umutungo uwo ariwo wose, ugomba gufungura konti ya brokerage. Inzira yoroshye yo kubikora ni binyuze muri banki nini zo kumurongo, zitanga amahirwe yo gushora imari mumigabane, urugero:

• Tinkoff;
• Banki ya Alfa;
• Sberbank.

https://articles.opexflow.com/brokers/brokerskij-schet.htm Birumvikana ko hariho andi mabanki, ariko aya niyo azwi cyane muri Federasiyo y’Uburusiya. Urashobora kandi gufungura konti ya brokerage mu buryo butaziguye, kurugero, ku Isoko rya Moscou. Sberbank yagurishijwe-igurana amafaranga: birakwiye gushora imari muri SBMX, SBSP, SBRB, SBCB na SBGB mutuelle: https://youtu.be/DBRrF-z-1do

Intambwe ku yindi

Dukoresheje urugero rwibisabwa na
Tinkoff ishoramari https://www.tinkoff.ru/invest/, tuzasesengura uburyo ushobora kugura ibice byikigega. Kugura, iyandikishe muri porogaramu, hanyuma ujye mu gice “Ibyo kugura”, giherereye hepfo ya porogaramu.
Intambwe ikurikiraho ni uguhitamo ikigega, urashobora kugisanga mukibanza cyo gushakisha, cyangwa ukajya mubice “Ikigega”.
Irerekana amafaranga yose ashobora kugurwa muriki gihe. Hariho ubushobozi bwo gushakisha kubintu bimwe na bimwe, kandi urashobora no kubona impinduka mubiciro byumutungo kumunsi wakazi wanyuma. Kurugero rwikigega cya Tinkoff Iteka Portfolio, urashobora kubona uburyo kugura imigabane bikorwa. Ugomba kubisanga kurutonde rusange cyangwa binyuze mubushakashatsi.
Hano urashobora kubona imbonerahamwe yimihindagurikire yibiciro mugihe runaka, kimwe no kumenyera imiterere, intego hamwe nibigize ikigega muri tab ya “Incamake”. Urashobora kandi kugenzura amakuru agezweho hano. Kugura umugabane, ugomba gukanda kuri buto yubururu ihuye.
Nyuma yibyo, uyikoresha azaba muri menu yo kugura, aho igiciro kiriho kizaba muriki gihe. Ugomba kwerekana umubare wa tombora, hanyuma ukande kuri buto “Kugura”. Twakagombye kuzirikana ko niba muri iki gihe ivunjisha ridafite umubare ukenewe w’imigabane ku giciro runaka, noneho itegeko rizahinduka itegeko ntarengwa – ubufindo ntibuzagurwa ku giciro kiri hejuru y’icyatanzwe.

Ni ibihe biciro na komisiyo

Ntiwibagirwe kuri komisiyo, nkuko abahuza batanga serivisi kubwishyu. Ukurikije umutungo watoranijwe, komisiyo irashobora gutandukana gato, ariko mugihe uguze umubare munini wimigabane, umushoramari azumva itandukaniro, ugomba rero kubyitondera. Ibiciro bitatu byingenzi birashobora gutandukanywa, hiyongereyeho ikiguzi cyumugabane.

1. komisiyo y’abakozi . Mubisanzwe ni ntoya kandi ntirenza 0.1-0.3%, kubera ko abakora umwuga bashishikajwe nubufatanye nabantu kugiti cyabo.
2. Gupfukirana ikiguzi cyikigega cyagurishijwe . Ntabwo irenga 0.1% yumusaruro ugereranije kumwaka.
3. Komisiyo yashyizweho n’abashinze . Birakenewe kugirango isosiyete icunga ibashe gucunga umutungo.

Inyungu ijya mumikoreshereze yikigega nubuyobozi mubisanzwe bishyirwa mubiciro byimigabane. Zibarwa buri munsi, ukurikije agaciro ka portfolio yose.

Ibyerekeye BPIFs kuri MOEX https://www.moex.com/s190

Guhitamo ETF

Hariho inzira nyinshi zo guhitamo ikigega, hafi ya zose zifitanye isano rya hafi nintego zishoramari, kuko zifite urwego rutandukanye rwibyago. Intego zihariye zizagufasha guhitamo neza ETF. Kurugero, amafaranga aringaniye ashobora kwihanganira kugabanuka kuberako bafite umutungo murwego rwabo rushobora kwishyura igabanuka. Ikigega nkicyo gishobora kwitwa conservateur, kubera ko ingaruka ninyungu ari nke. Nibyiza gupfundika ifaranga no gushyira mu gaciro gato. Amafaranga yingaruka zigizwe n imigabane arakwiriye intego zigihe kirekire. Ibigega byinshi bizamuka kure, ariko birashobora kuba bibi mugihe gito. Ni ngombwa kandi guhitamo ifaranga ryo gushora mu kigega. Mu Burusiya, ubusanzwe bashora imari, ariko icyerekezo kirekire kiratesha agaciro ifaranga ryigihugu vuba kuruta amayero cyangwa amadorari y’Amerika. Hariho amategeko abiri y’ingenzi:

• umutungo w’ikigega ntugomba guterwa undi;
• komisiyo yo kugura no kugurisha igomba kuba mike.

Nyuma yo kugura umutungo, nibyiza kubyibagirwa, kuko ntampamvu yo kureba izamuka cyangwa igabanuka ryimigabane. Rimwe mu kwezi cyangwa mbere cyane, urashobora
gutandukanya portfolio yawe .
Ikwirakwizwa rya BPIF [/ caption]

Ubwoko

Hariho ubwoko butatu bwingenzi bwa BPIFs.

1. Fungura . Ubu bwoko bubereye abatangiye, urashobora kugura no kugurisha umutungo mugihe cyamasaha yakazi nta mbogamizi. Bifatwa nk’ibyago bike, kubera ko umushoramari afite igenzura ryinshi ku ishoramari rye.
2. Intera . Kugura no kugurisha biremewe gusa mugihe runaka, mubisanzwe ibihe byinshi mumwaka, kandi igihe ntikirenza ibyumweru bibiri. Ingaruka nibihembo birarenze kubireba, kuko abashinze bashobora gucunga amafaranga kandi ntibahangayikishwe nuko abashoramari batazi gusoma no kwandika bazatangira guhagarika umutima mugihe cyo gukosora cyangwa kugabanuka kwigihe gito.
3. Gufunga . Ubu bwoko bwerekana ishoramari rirambye – byibuze kumyaka myinshi. Umutungo ntushobora gucungwa muburyo ubwo aribwo ikigega kirangiye.

Ibyiza n’ibibi bya BPIFs

Bitewe numubare wa BPIFs, umushoramari arashobora guhita ashora mumitungo myinshi. Ariko buri gikoresho gifite ibyiza byacyo nibibi. Ibyiza birimo:

• ubushobozi bwo kugura impapuro zitari ku isoko ry’Uburusiya cyangwa kuvunja imigabane;
• byoroshye gutandukanya portfolio yawe;
• amafaranga ya mutuelle ntabwo atangirwa imisoro ku nyungu z’amasosiyete yo mu Burusiya;
• igiciro cyumugabane umwe wa BPIFs murugo gishobora kuba amafaranga menshi, agufasha kwinjira hamwe nishoramari rito;
• urashobora kugura umutungo wamahanga ukoresheje BPIFs, ibi bizagukiza ibibazo bitari ngombwa hamwe nimisoro;
• amahirwe yo kubona umusoro, hashingiwe kuboneka konti yishoramari kugiti cye.

Umusaruro wa BPIFs wu Burusiya urashobora kuba mwinshi kuruta ETF zamahanga, portfolio isa. Ibibi birimo:

• amafaranga amwe ntabwo ari mucyo bihagije;
• komisiyo nini zatangijwe n’abashinze;
• amafaranga ajyanye n’umusoro ku nyungu;
• rimwe na rimwe ibiciro byumutungo mumafaranga bikurikirana inyuma yukuri.

Ibyiza bya BPIFs [/ caption] Ugomba kandi kwitondera amafaranga mashya yatangijwe. Mubisanzwe nta makuru ahari kuri bo, atemerera gusuzuma ingaruka zishoramari. Na none, abakinnyi bashya bakunze kugira komisiyo zo hejuru, kandi ibi bimaze kuba bibi cyane ugereranije nabanywanyi.

Nkeneye kwishyura imisoro hamwe na BPIF

Imisoro ku nyungu, imigabane no kwishyura coupon yishyurwa nisosiyete icunga ikigega. Umushoramari ategekwa kwishyura umusoro gusa ku nyungu yakiriye mu gihe cyo kugurisha impapuro, ni ukuvuga itandukaniro riri hagati yo kugurisha no kugura. Niba ubitse amafaranga muri BPIF imyaka irenga itatu, noneho umushoramari asonewe kwishyura umusoro ku nyungu z’umusoro. Kugira ngo wemererwe umusoro, ugomba gufata imigabane byibuze imyaka itatu, mugihe amafaranga yinjiza ari munsi ya miliyoni eshatu buri mwaka. Ni ukuvuga, niba umushoramari yinjije amafaranga atarenga miliyoni icyenda mumyaka itatu, noneho asonewe gutanga umusoro ku musoro.
Nigute utabura kugabanyirizwa imisoro kuri IIS [/ caption]

Birashoboka ko abasirikari, abapolisi n’abakozi ba leta bashora imari muri BPIF

Abakozi b’inzego zishinzwe kubahiriza amategeko y’Uburusiya barashobora gushora imari muri BPIFs, zirimo umutungo w’imbere gusa. Ariko hariho itegeko ribuza amafaranga y’amahanga, yanditswe mu itegeko “Ku kurwanya ruswa”. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko imyanya yose itagengwa niri tegeko, nibyiza rero kumenyera urutonde.

BPIFs nibisabwa muntangiriro ya 2022

Uyu munsi hari benshi kandi benshi
bifuza gushaka abashoramari bahoraho . Niba mbere wagombaga guhagarara kumurongo munini kugirango ugure umutekano, ubu ibintu byose bibaho kumurongo ukanze buto “Kugura”. Buri mukoresha atanga imiterere yacyo kandi afite ibintu byihariye.

Gucuruza-gucuruza amafaranga ya mutuelle Ku Isoko rya Moscou

Ihanahana rya Moscou mugihe cya 2022 ritanga BPIF zikurikira https://www.moex.com/msn/etf. Ibi bifasha abitangira kumva uko ikora. Urashobora gutangira gushora imari mumavunja ya Moscou kuva kumafaranga 100.

Tinkoff

Tinkoff ifite BPIF nyinshi zizwi, ihuza https://www.tinkoff.ru/invest/tinkoff-capital/, zemeza ko iterambere ryiterambere rirambye mugihe runaka. Urashobora kugura, kurugero, imigabane yikigega cya RUB Iteka rya Portfolio, gisonewe burundu komisiyo yuwabakozi.
Igizwe n’ibice bine bingana: ifaranga ninguzanyo zigihe gito, imigabane yisosiyete, zahabu na bonds. Tinkoff itandukanya portfolio niba imwe mumitungo yiyongera cyane. Igiciro cyimigabane gitangirira kumafaranga 5, kandi umusaruro mumyaka 18 wari 850%.

Sberbank

Sberbank itanga BPIF nyinshi https://www.sberbank.ru/ru/person/investments/pifs nurwego urwo arirwo rwose. Nibyiza kubashoramari bashya. Icyinjiriro cyinjira ni umugabane 1, kandi ikiguzi gitangirira kumafaranga make. Urashobora kugura cyangwa kugurisha umutungo ako kanya mugihe cyamasaha yakazi, kandi komisiyo nibiciro ntibirenza 1%.

VTB

Banki icunga BPIF zirenga 20 https://broker.vtb.ru/services/pif/, ivugurura igiciro cyumutungo buri munsi nta kiguzi, kandi ikanarinda kuzigama amafaranga y’ifaranga. Umubare ntarengwa winjira ni 1000. Ikigega giciriritse gishobora kugaruka hejuru ya 12 ku ijana mu mwaka ushize. BPIFs ku Isoko rya Moscou ziri mu mashusho hepfo, kandi urutonde rwuzuye rwo muri 2022 uraboneka kuri https://www.moex.com/msn/etf: MOEX [/ ibisobanuro]

Gusa imigabane, ingwate, ifaranga, umutungo nundi mutungo runaka ushobora gushyirwa mubigega byungurana ibitekerezo. Ikigega cy’amahanga ntigishobora kubamo BPIF, cyangwa kuba ikigega cyanditswe hanze y’Uburusiya.

Ibibazo n’ibisubizo

Bigenda bite iyo abashinze ikigega bahombye? Ikigega cy’ishoramari ntabwo ari umutungo wa sosiyete icunga. Niba isosiyete ihombye, ntibizashoboka rero kugarura amafaranga muri BPIF, amafaranga yose azasubizwa ba nyirayo, ikigega kizareka kubaho, kandi abashinze bazabura uruhushya.
Nkwiye kugurisha imigabane niba igiciro cyikigega kigabanutse? Iki kibazo gihura na buri mushya utangiye gushora imari muri mutuelle. Ikigaragara ni uko ingingo y’amafaranga menshi ari inyungu ndende, niba rero ingaruka ari nto, noneho ibi nibikosorwa mugihe gito. Ibyo ari byo byose, kugurisha cyangwa kutagurisha ni icyemezo cyihariye cya buri mushoramari, ntibibabaza kumva neza igabanuka ryibiciro, gukora isesengura, kandi nyuma yibi bikorwa bifata icyemezo cya nyuma.
Birashoboka kubaka portfolio njyenyine kugirango ntishyura amafaranga yinyongera mukigega? Niba hari umwanya n’amahirwe, ntamuntu ubuza gukora portfolio wenyine. Ariko, ibi ntabwo buri gihe byunguka, kubera ko ibigo byubuyobozi bifite inzobere zibishoboye zikora kuri portfolio igihe cyose.
BPIF irashobora kwemeza inyungu? Ubwa mbere, ntibishoboka gusa, kuko ntamuntu uzi ibizaba kumitungo ejo. Icya kabiri, birabujijwe n’amategeko.