Yiziphi izimali ezihwebelana ngokuhwebelana, ukutshalwa kwezimali ku-BPIF

I-BPIFs – iyini ngamagama alula nokuthi ungatshala kanjani izimali ezihwebelana ngokushintshaniswa, ukuthi ungathenga kanjani ku-Moscow Exchange. Kusukela ngo-2020, abantu baya ngokuya beba nentshisekelo yokutshala imali ukuze baqinisekise ukuguga okungakhathali noma bavele bakhulise imali abayitshalile, kodwa ukutshalwa kwezimali kudinga ulwazi oluthile. Kulesi sihloko sikhuluma ngama-BPIF, sizohlaziya izinzuzo nezingozi zethuluzi, futhi siphendule imibuzo evame ukubuzwa. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_12858″ align=”aligncenter” wide=”771″]
Izinhlobo zezimali ezihlanganyelwe[/caption]

Iyini i-BPIF ngamagama alula

Isifinyezo se-BPIF isikhwama sokutshala imali esihwebelana ngokuhwebelana. Leli ithuluzi, inhloso yalo enkulu okuwukuhlinzeka ngembuyiselo ephezulu uma kuqhathaniswa namadiphozithi emikhiqizweni yasebhange evamile. Ilungele bobabili abatshalizimali abanolwazi nabaqalayo. Ekushintshanisweni ungathola izimali ze-BPIF ne-ETF, zinomehluko owodwa obalulekile:

1. Ama- ETF yizimali ezibhaliswe ngaphandle kwe-Russian Federation, kodwa ziyatholakala ukuze zithengwe e-Russia;
2. I-BPIF ayihlukile kumanduleli wayo, ngaphandle kokuthi izimali ezinjalo zibhaliswe kuphela e-Russian Federation, iphothifoliyo ingabandakanya izibambiso zezinkampani ezivela kwamanye amazwe.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi kunesikhwama sokubambisana – isikhwama sokutshala izimali esihlanganyelwe esingadayiswanga ekuhwebeni kwamasheya. Ukuthengwa kwalolu hlobo lwempahla kungenziwa ngokuqondile enkampanini yokuphatha. Awudingi ngisho
ne- akhawunti yomthengisi kulokhu. https://articles.opexflow.com/investments/pif.htm Kodwa izibambiso ze-BPIF zingathengwa ngokuqondile emakethe yesitoko. Kwanele ukuthi umtshali-zimali angene esitokisini ngokuqondile noma ngokusebenzisa abaxhumanisi, isibonelo, ngokusebenzisa i-
Tinkoff Investments , khetha isikhwama futhi uthenge inombolo edingekayo yamasheya. Ama-BPIF angabandakanya: amasheya ezinkampani ezinenzuzo, uhlobo lwemali, izinsimbi eziyigugu, njengegolide, kanye nenye impahla. I-Ordinary mutual fund noma i-exchange mutual fund – yini ongayikhetha nokuthi enye ihluke kanjani kwenye: https://youtu.be/fpoDFrnvQDo

Okukhethekile

Ama-BPIF awekho ngaphansi kokuphathwa okusebenzayo, njengoba izinkampani zabaphathi zinezabelo isikhathi eside, ngakho ukuqagela akukho embuzweni. Ngokuvamile ukwakheka kwephothifoliyo yesikhwama akushintshi iminyaka eyishumi. Ukuthengwa kwamayunithi esikhwama kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukutshala ezimpahleni ezingatholakali ezimakethe zokushintshisana ngokuhlukana. Abasunguli bezimali benza imibiko njalo, ngakho-ke akungabazeki ngokusobala. Futhi, ezimakethe zokushintshisana eziningi, ungakwazi ukulandelela ukwakheka kwephothifoliyo ngesikhathi sangempela. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_12856″ align=”aligncenter” wide=”696″]
Isibonelo sesakhiwo se-BPIF[/caption] Izimfuneko zamayunithi okutshalwa kwezimali ezimali ezihlanganyelwe ezihwebelana ngokuhwebelana ku-https://www.moex.com/a2613

Isebenza kanjani i-BPIF

Abasunguli bama-BPIF bathola izimpahla ngemali abatshalizimali abayitshalile kulesi sikhwama ngokuthenga amasheya. Lona wakamuva, naye, uba umnikazi ngokubambisana wazo zonke izibambiso kuphothifoliyo. Isabelo siyisivikelo esifanayo nesabelo esivamile. Amanani amayunithi akhiwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, lokhu kwenzeka nsuku zonke, ngaphandle kwezimpelasonto. Zincike enanini lezimpahla ezikuphothifoliyo yesikhwama. Isibonelo, uma izibambiso zenye yezinkampani zikhuphuke kakhulu, khona-ke isabelo sizokhuphuka ngentengo, lokhu kwenzeka futhi ngokuphambene. I-BPIF ne-ETF – uyini umehluko, ukufana nokwehluka, okuhle nokubi: https://youtu.be/4wPpZM_JmCs

Ungayithenga kanjani i-BPIF

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukuthenga noma yiziphi izimpahla, udinga ukuvula i-akhawunti yomthengisi. Indlela elula yokwenza lokhu ngamabhange amakhulu aku-inthanethi, ahlinzeka ngethuba lokutshala izimali ezibambiso, isibonelo:

• Tinkoff;
• I-Alfa Bank;
• I-Sberbank.

https://articles.opexflow.com/brokers/brokerskij-schet.htm Yiqiniso, akhona amanye amabhange, kodwa lawa adume kakhulu e-Russian Federation. Ungakwazi futhi ukuvula i-akhawunti ye-brokerage ngqo, isibonelo, ku-Moscow Exchange. I-Sberbank exchange-traded mutual funds: ingabe kufanelekile ukutshala izimali ku-SBMX, SBSP, SBRB, SBCB kanye ne-SBGB mutual funds: https://youtu.be/DBRrF-z-1do

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalelo

Sisebenzisa isibonelo sohlelo lokusebenza lwe-
Tinkoff Investments ethi https://www.tinkoff.ru/invest/, sizohlaziya ukuthi ungawathenga kanjani amayunithi esikhwama. Ukuthenga, bhalisa kuhlelo lokusebenza, bese uya esigabeni esithi “Ongakuthenga”, sitholakala phansi kakhulu kohlelo.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukukhetha isikhwama, ungasithola kubha yokusesha, noma uye engxenyeni ethi “Izimali”.
Ibonisa zonke izimali ezingathengwa okwamanje. Kukhona ikhono lokusesha ngemibandela ethile, futhi ungabona izinguquko ezintengweni zempahla osukwini lokugcina lwebhizinisi. Esibonelweni sesikhwama se-Tinkoff Eternal Portfolio, ungabona ukuthi ukuthengwa kwamasheya kwenzeka kanjani. Udinga ukukuthola ohlwini olujwayelekile noma ngokusesha.
Lapha ungabona ishadi lokushintsha kwentengo ngesikhathi esithile, kanye nokujwayelana nesakhiwo, inhloso kanye nokwakheka kwesikhwama kuthebhu ethi “Ukubuka konke”. Ungahlola futhi izindaba zakamuva lapho. Ukuze uthenge isabelo, kufanele uchofoze inkinobho eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ehambisanayo.
Ngemva kwalokho, umsebenzisi uzoba kumenyu yokuthenga, lapho intengo yamanje izoba khona okwamanje. Kufanele ucacise inombolo yenkatho, bese uchofoza inkinobho ethi “Thenga”. Kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi uma okwamanje ukushintshaniswa kungenalo inani elidingekayo lamasheya ngentengo enikeziwe, khona-ke i-oda liyoba umyalo womkhawulo – inkatho ngeke ithengwe ngentengo ephakeme kunaleyo enikeziwe.

Yiziphi izindleko namakhomishini

Ungakhohlwa ngamakhomishini, njengoba abathengisi behlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ngesisekelo esikhokhelwayo. Kuye ngempahla ekhethiwe, ikhomishana ingase ihluke kancane, kodwa lapho uthenga inani elikhulu lamasheya, umtshali-zimali uzozizwa umehluko, ngakho udinga ukunaka. Izindleko ezintathu eziyinhloko zingahlukaniswa, ngaphezu kwezindleko zesabelo.

1. ikhomishini yomthengisi . Imvamisa incane futhi ayidluli ku-0.1-0.3%, ngoba abathengisi banentshisekelo yokubambisana nabantu.
2. Ukukhokhela izindleko zesikhwama esihwebelana ngokuhwebelana . Ayidluli ku-0.1% wesilinganiso sesivuno ngonyaka.
3. Ikhomishini eyasungulwa ngabasunguli . Kudingeka ukuze inkampani yokuphatha ikwazi ukuphatha izimpahla.

Inzalo eya ezindlekweni nasekuphathweni kwesikhwama ivamise ukufakwa enanini lesheya. Zibalwa nsuku zonke, kuye ngevelu yephothifoliyo isiyonke.

Mayelana nama-BPIF ku-MOEX https://www.moex.com/s190

Ukukhetha i-ETF

Kunezindlela eziningi zokukhetha isikhwama, cishe zonke zihlobene eduze nemigomo yokutshala izimali, njengoba zinezinga elihlukile lobungozi. Imigomo ethile izokusiza ukuthi ukhethe i-ETF efanele. Isibonelo, ibhalansi yezimali iyakwazi ukumelana nezitoko eziwayo ngenxa yokuthi zinempahla kuphothifoliyo yazo enganxephezela ukuwa. Isikhwama esinjalo singabizwa ngokuthi i-conservative, njengoba izingozi nezinzuzo ziphansi. Ilungele ukumboza ukwehla kwamandla emali kanye nokwenza osonhlamvukazi kancane. Izimali zobungozi ezihlanganisa amasheya zifanele imigomo yesikhathi eside. Izitoko eziningi zikhuphuka ngebanga, kodwa zingashintshashintsha isikhathi esifushane. Kubalulekile ngokufanayo ukukhetha uhlobo lwemali ozotshala ngalo esikhwameni. E-Russia, bavame ukutshala imali ku-ruble, kodwa umbono wesikhathi eside unciphisa imali kazwelonke ngokushesha. kune-euro noma idola laseMelika. Kunemithetho emibili eyinhloko:

• izimpahla zesikhwama akufanele zincike kwenye;
• ikhomishini yokuthenga nokudayisa kufanele ibe mincane.

Ngemuva kokuthenga impahla, kungcono ukukhohlwa ngakho, ngoba akukho phuzu ekubukeni ukukhula noma ukuwa kwamasheya. Kanye ngenyanga noma kancane kancane, ungakwazi
ukuhlukanisa iphothifoliyo yakho . [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_12865″ align=”aligncenter” wide=”930″]
Ukusabalalisa kwe-BPIF[/caption]

Izinhlobo

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zama-BPIF.

1. Vula . Lolu hlobo lufanele abaqalayo, ungathenga futhi udayise impahla ngesikhathi samahora ebhizinisi ngaphandle kwemingcele. Kubhekwa njengento eyingozi kakhulu, ngoba umtshali-zimali unokulawula okuphezulu phezu kwezimali zakhe.
2. Isikhawu . Ukuthenga nokudayisa kuvunyelwe kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile, ngokuvamile izikhathi ezimbalwa phakathi nonyaka, futhi isikhathi asidluli amasonto amabili. Izingozi nemivuzo inkulu kunokubuka okuvulekile, ngoba abasunguli bangakwazi ukuphatha izimali futhi bangakhathazeki ngokuthi abatshalizimali abangafundile bazoqala ukwethuka ngesikhathi sokulungiswa noma ukwehla kwesikhashana.
3. Kuvaliwe . Lolu hlobo lusho ukutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi eside – okungenani iminyaka eminingana. Izimpahla azikwazi ukulawulwa nganoma iyiphi indlela kuze kube yilapho isikhwama siphelelwa yisikhathi.

Ubuhle nobubi be-BPIFs

Ngenxa yenani lama-BPIF, umtshali-zimali angatshala ngokushesha ezinhlobonhlobo zezimpahla. Kodwa wonke amathuluzi anezinzuzo nezinkinga zawo. Okuhle kuhlanganisa:

• ikhono lokuthenga izibambiso ezingekho emakethe yaseRussia noma ukuhwebelana kwamasheya;
• kulula ukuhlukanisa iphothifoliyo yakho;
• izimali ezihlanganyelwe azikho ngaphansi kwentela yezabelo zezinkampani zaseRussia;
• izindleko zesabelo esisodwa se-BPIF yasekhaya zingaba ama-ruble amaningana, okuvumela ukuthi ungene ngokutshalwa kwezimali okuncane;
• ungathenga izimpahla zakwamanye amazwe ngama-BPIF, lokhu kuzokusindisa ezinkingeni ezingadingekile ngokubuyisela intela;
• ithuba lokuthola ukudonswa kwentela, kuncike ekutholakaleni kwe-akhawunti yotshalomali yomuntu ngamunye.

Isivuno sama-BPIF aseRussia singase sibe phezulu kunama-ETF angaphandle, iphothifoliyo yawo efana. Okubi kuhlanganisa:

• ezinye izimali azikho obala ngokwanele;
• amakhomishini amakhulu aqalwa ngabasunguli;
• izindleko ezihlobene nentela yezabelo;
• ngezinye izikhathi izintengo zempahla ezimalini zisala ngemuva kwangempela.

[i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_12857″ align=”aligncenter” width=”1024″]
Ubuhle be-BPIFs[/caption] Kufanele futhi uqaphele izimali ezisanda kwethulwa. Ngokuvamile alukho ulwazi ngabo, olungakuvumeli ukuhlola ubungozi bokutshalwa kwezimali. Futhi, abadlali abasha bavame ukuba namakhomishana aphezulu, futhi lokhu sekuvele kuyiphutha elikhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezimbangi.

Ngidinga ukukhokha izintela nge-BPIF

Izintela zezabelo, amasheya kanye nezinkokhelo zamakhuphoni zikhokhwa inkampani yokuphatha isikhwama. Umtshali-zimali unesibopho sokukhokha intela kuphela emalini engenayo ayithola ngesikhathi sokuthengisa izibambiso, okungukuthi, umehluko phakathi kwamanani okuthengisa nokuthenga. Uma ugcina izimali ku-BPIF iminyaka engaphezu kwemithathu, kusho ukuthi umtshali-zimali ukhululekile ekukhokheni intela yezinzuzo zentela. Ukuze uthole ikhefu lentela, kufanele ubambe amasheya okungenani iminyaka emithathu, inqobo nje uma imali engenayo ingaphansi kwama-ruble ayizigidi ezintathu ngonyaka. Okusho ukuthi, uma umtshali-zimali ezuze ama-ruble angaphansi kwezigidi eziyisishiyagalolunye eminyakeni emithathu, khona-ke ukhululekile ekukhokheni intela ekudonsweni kwentela. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_12225″ align=”aligncenter” wide=”708″]
Ungalahlekelwa kanjani ukudonswa kwentela ku-IIS[/caption]

Kungenzeka yini ukuthi amasosha, amaphoyisa kanye nabasebenzi bakahulumeni batshale imali ku-BPIF

Abasebenzi bezikhungo zomthetho zeRussian Federation bangatshala imali kuma-BPIF, afaka impahla yasekhaya kuphela. Kodwa kukhona ukuvinjelwa kwezimali zakwamanye amazwe, okuchazwe emthethweni othi “On Combating Corruption”. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi akuzona zonke izikhundla eziwela ngaphansi kwalokhu kuvinjelwa, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuzijwayeza ngohlu.

Ama-BPIF nezimo ekuqaleni kuka-2022

Namuhla
kunabadayisi abaningi abafuna ukuthola abatshalizimali baphakade. Uma ngaphambilini bekumele ume kolayini abakhulu ukuze uthenge isibambiso, manje yonke into yenzeka ku-inthanethi ngokucindezela inkinobho ethi “Thenga”. Umthengisi ngamunye unikeza imibandela yawo futhi unezici ezihlukile.

Izimali ezihwebayo ezihweba ngokushintshana E-Moscow Exchange

I-Moscow Exchange ngesikhathi sika-2022 inikeza ama-BPIF alandelayo https://www.moex.com/msn/etf. Lokhu kusiza abasaqalayo ukuthi baqonde ukuthi kusebenza kanjani. Ungaqala ukutshala izimali ku-Moscow Exchange kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-100.

Tinkoff

I-Tinkoff inama-BPIF amaningana adumile, isixhumanisi esithi https://www.tinkoff.ru/invest/tinkoff-capital/, aqinisekisa ukukhula kwephothifoliyo okusimeme ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ungakwazi ukuthenga, isibonelo, amasheya esikhwama se-RUB Eternal Portfolio, esikhululwe ngokuphelele kukhomishini yomthengisi.
Iqukethe izingxenye ezine ezilinganayo: imali kanye namabhondi esikhathi esifushane, amasheya enkampani, igolide namabhondi. I-Tinkoff ihlukanisa iphothifoliyo uma enye yezimpahla ikhula kakhulu. Intengo yamasheya iqala kusuka kuma-ruble angu-5, futhi isivuno eminyakeni engu-18 yayingamaphesenti angu-850.

I-Sberbank

I-Sberbank inikeza ama-BPIF amaningi https://www.sberbank.ru/ru/person/investments/pifs nganoma yiliphi izinga lobungozi. Ilungele abatshalizimali abasha. Umkhawulo wokungena uyisabelo esingu-1, futhi izindleko ziqala kusuka kuma-ruble ambalwa. Ungathenga noma uthengise izimpahla ngokushesha phakathi namahora ebhizinisi, futhi amakhomishini nezindleko akudluli iphesenti elingu-1.

I-VTB

Ibhange liphethe ama-BPIF angaphezu kwama-20 https://broker.vtb.ru/services/pif/, libuyekeza intengo yempahla nsuku zonke ngaphandle kwenkokhiso, futhi livikela nokonga emalini. Isilinganiso esincane sokungena singama-ruble ayi-1000. Isikhwama esilinganisela ubungozi sibuyise ngaphezu kwamaphesenti ayi-12 ngonyaka odlule. Ama-BPIF ku-Moscow Exchange akusithombe-skrini esingezansi, futhi uhlu oluphelele luka-2022 luyatholakala kokuthi https://www.moex.com/msn/etf: MOEX

Izitoko kuphela, amabhondi, uhlobo lwemali, indawo kanye nezinye izimpahla ezingafakwa kusikhwama esihwebelana ngokuhwebelana. Isikhwama sangaphandle asikwazi ukufaka i-BPIF, noma sibe isikhwama esibhaliswe ngaphandle kwe-Russian Federation.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo

Kwenzekani uma abasunguli besikhwama befa? Isikhwama sokutshala imali asiyona impahla yenkampani yokuphatha. Uma le nkampani iqothuka, ngeke ikwazi ukubuyisa izimali ku-BPIF, zonke izimali zizobuyiselwa kubanikazi, isikhwama siphele, nabasunguli bazo balahlekelwe yilayisensi.
Ingabe kufanele ngithengise amasheya uma intengo yesikhwama yehla? Lo mbuzo ubhekene nawo wonke umuntu osanda kufika oqala ukutshala imali kuma-mutual funds. Iqiniso liwukuthi iphuzu lezimali eziningi liyimbuyiselo yesikhathi eside, ngakho-ke uma izingozi zincane, khona-ke lokhu kuwukulungiswa kwesikhashana nje. Kunoma ikuphi, ukuthi ukuthengisa noma cha kuyisinqumo somuntu ngamunye somtshali-zimali, akulimazi ukuqonda ukuthi yini ngempela ewela ngentengo, ukwenza ama-analytics, futhi kuphela ngemva kokuba lezi zindlela zokwenza isinqumo sokugcina.
Kungenzeka yini ukwakha iphothifoliyo ngedwa ukuze ngingakhokhi imali eyengeziwe esikhwameni? Uma kukhona isikhathi nethuba, ngakho-ke akekho okuvimbela ukuba wenze iphothifoliyo uwedwa. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuhlali kunenzuzo, njengoba izinkampani zokuphatha zinochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe abasebenza kuphothifoliyo ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Ingabe i-BPIF ingaqinisekisa inzuzo? Okokuqala, akunakwenzeka, ngoba akekho owaziyo ukuthi kuzokwenzekani ngempahla kusasa. Futhi okwesibili, akuvunyelwe ngumthetho.