Tsogolo ndi chiyani komanso momwe mungapangire ndalama pa izo?

Mapeto a makontrakitala am’tsogolo siatsopano, koma chaka chilichonse chida chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamsika wamasheya. Ochita malonda a Novice ndi osunga ndalama nthawi zambiri amayang’ana zamtsogolo, pozindikira momwe chida ichi chilili chodalirika. Kuchita bwino kwa malonda kumafuna kumvetsetsa mfundo zake ndi ndondomeko yake.

Tsogolo ngati chida chogulitsira katundu

Mgwirizano wam’tsogolo ndi mgwirizano wogula kapena kugulitsa katundu pa tsiku lodziwika pamtengo wokonzedweratu. Zomwe zili pansi ndi ma bond, ndalama, chiwongoladzanja komanso chiwongoladzanja cha inflation pamsika wa Moscow Exchange. Chitsanzo chosavuta cha mgwirizano wam’tsogolo:

1. Mlimi amalima ndi kugulitsa nyemba. Chaka chino zimawononga ma ruble zana ochiritsira, koma pali zoneneratu kuti chilimwe chidzakhala choyamika, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zokolola zidzakhala zambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti m’dzinja chakudya chidzayamba kupitirira kufunikira kwa nyemba. Mitengo idzatsika.
2. Mlimi safuna kugulitsa nyemba motchipa. Amapeza ogula pasadakhale, amene amakhulupirira kuti zokolola zidzakhala zosauka, ndipo mitengo idzakwera moyenerera.
3. Amavomerezana pakati pawo kuti m’miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mlimi adzapatsa wogula nyemba pa ma ruble zana limodzi pa toni.

Mu chitsanzo ichi, mlimi amatenga udindo wa wogulitsa zam’tsogolo – amakonza mtengo ndi tsiku linalake limene katundu adzaperekedwa kwa wogula. Ichi ndiye gwero la malonda amtsogolo. Kugulitsa kumachitika pamsika wamasheya.

Kusiyana pakati pa zam’tsogolo ndi masheya

Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zida ziwirizi kuli muzinthu zogulitsidwa. Kusiyanaku ndi komwe kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kusachita bwino. Wogulitsa samayika ndalama zonse, koma kuchuluka kwake kokhazikika – kutsimikizira udindo. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala 12-13% ya mtengo wamtengo wapatali womwewo. Kusiyana pakati pa tsogolo ndi masheya ndikosavuta kumvetsetsa ndi chitsanzo:

1. Angelina adaphunzira zamadzimadzi kwambiri (omwe amatha kugulitsidwa mwachangu pafupi ndi mtengo wamsika) mtsogolo pa Moscow Exchange ndipo adaganiza zogula magawo 100 kapena 100 zam’tsogolo zamagawo a Gazprom. Mtengo wagawo wapano ndi ma ruble 228.
2. Kuti agule, Angelina adzayenera kugwiritsa ntchito:
   • kwa magawo 100 – 228 x 100 = 22,800 rubles;
   • kwa 100 zam’tsogolo – 228 x 100 x 12% = 2736 rubles.
3. Ndalama zamtsogolo ndizochepa kwambiri. Sizinthu zomwe zikugulidwa, koma mkangano wosintha mtengo wake.

Palinso zosiyana zina. Zodziwika kwambiri:

1. Kutsimikizika. Ndi malire amtsogolo. Ndiko kuti, mutagula mgwirizano wam’tsogolo kwa miyezi 4, maudindo omwe atchulidwa mu mgwirizanowo ayenera kukwaniritsidwa mu miyezi inayi. Magawo sangagulidwe nthawi iliyonse.
2. Kupereka mwayi. Pogula mgwirizano wam’tsogolo, mphamvu imaperekedwa (yomwe ikuwonetsedwa mu mgwirizano). Kutayika kapena phindu kumawerengeredwa poganizira zomwe zidapezedwa, ngakhale m’lingaliro lenileni sizinapezeke.

Mitundu yamakontrakitala

Pali mitundu iwiri ya makontrakitala am’tsogolo – kutumiza ndi kuthetsa. Ogulitsa payekha amagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wachiwiri wa malonda. Futures, yomwe ndi mgwirizano wothetsa:

• ndi chida chopangira ndalama pa kusiyana kwa mitengo;
• pambuyo pa kutha kwa nthawi yokhazikika (nthawi yotsiriza) ya mgwirizano, katunduyo sakuperekedwa mu mawonekedwe ake achilengedwe, koma kusiyana kwake kumawerengedwa.

Kusiyana kwa malire ndi mtengo wowerengedwa ndi kusinthanitsa, kusonyeza kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zidzalembedwe kapena kuperekedwa ku akaunti ya malonda a malonda. Chotsatira chake, otenga nawo gawo mu mgwirizano wam’tsogolo amapeza phindu kapena amakhalabe atatayika.

Zimagwira ntchito bwanji?

Mfundo ya malonda ndi kugula otsika ndi kugulitsa mkulu. Ndiko kusiyana pakati pa mitengo yogula ndi kugulitsa yomwe ndi phindu lomwe amalonda akufuna. Pamapeto pa mgwirizano, chimodzi mwa izi chimachitika, kutengera momwe mtengo wa chinthucho wakhalira:

• mtengo unakhalabe wosasintha – chikhalidwe chachuma cha wogula ndi wogulitsa sichinasinthe;
• mtengo wakwera – wogula wapeza, ndipo wogulitsa wataya ndalama;
• mtengo unagwa – wogula anakhalabe wotayika, ndipo wogulitsa adalandira phindu (phindu).

Aliyense wa maphwando a mgwirizanowo, pozindikira kuti kumapeto kwa nthawi yomaliza, adzawonongeka, sangathenso kuyimitsa ndondomekoyi. Kusinthanitsa kumayang’anira udindo wa maphwando kuti agulitse / kugula katundu pa nthawi yomwe yatchulidwa mu mgwirizano. Ulamulirowo ukuchitidwa ndi kulipidwa koyenera kwa depositi ya inshuwaransi (chokolezera) ndi maphwando a mgwirizanowo. Kuchuluka kwa mgwirizano sikulipidwa pasadakhale, koma “dipoziti” pamaakaunti amalonda amaundana. Kukula kwa ndalamazo kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mtundu ndi chinthu cha malonda. Kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zingatheke pazamtsogolo mwachindunji zimatengera kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zayikidwa. Ndiko kuti, mapangano ochulukirapo akagulidwa, phindu lalikulu lomwe limayembekezeredwa.

Limbikitsani

M’misika yazachuma, nthawi zambiri zimachitika pomwe wobwereketsa amabwereketsa ndalama kwa wamalonda kuti womalizayo atsegule maudindo akuluakulu. Izi zimatchedwa leverage ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita malonda amtsogolo. Sizokwera mtengo kuti ma broker apereke ntchito yotere. Kutayika kwawo komwe kungatheke kumangotengera kuchuluka kwa akaunti ya kasitomala. Ngati kutayika kuli kofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama mu akaunti ya wogulitsa, broker adzayimitsa malo onse omwe alipo, osalola kuti wogulayo ataya zambiri kuposa zomwe wasiya. Kugwiritsa ntchito palokha sikukhudza kuchuluka kwa chiopsezo. Zimakhudzidwa ndi kukula kwa malo otsegulidwa ndi wotsatsa.

Kuti ntchito ndi zam’tsogolo?

Tsogolo limagulitsidwa pamsika wamasheya. Kwa amalonda ndi ogulitsa, osinthana nawo, mapangano akuluakulu amapezeka mwachindunji. Amene akufuna kuchita nawo malonda amtsogolo ayenera kutsegula akaunti yamalonda ndi bungwe lazamalonda. Ndi kusinthana komwe kumapereka makasitomala ndi nsanja zopezera malonda, ndikuwongolera njira zake. Zosintha zazikulu zamtsogolo padziko lapansi:

• Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME);
• Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT);
• Euronext ndi kusinthanitsa kwa mayiko ku Ulaya;
• Eurex (European);
• Moscow Currency Exchange (MICEX).

Kuphatikiza pa zomwe tafotokozazi, msika wandalama uli ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kosinthana ndi ma voliyumu osiyanasiyana. Nthawi yomweyo, makontrakitala amapangidwa molingana ndi:

• kuchuluka;
• khalidwe;
• nthawi zokhazikika.

Miyezo imeneyi sisintha, imakhala yosatha. Mosasamala yemwe ali wogulitsa pa nthawi yogulitsira inayake, ndipo ndi ndani wogula. Mosasamala kanthu za kusinthanitsa komwe kumakonza zogulitsa.

Zolembetsa ndi malonda pa FORTS

The Moscow Exchange inakhazikitsa nsanja ya malonda amtsogolo (kukhala ndi nthawi yokhazikika) mapangano – FORTS. Kuti mupeze nsanja, lembani ndi broker yemwe ali ndi mwayi wopita ku Russia stock exchange.

Mndandanda wamakampani obwereketsa ukupezeka patsamba la Moscow Exchange – https://www.moex.com/.

Zoyenera kupereka ndikugwira ntchito ndi FORTS:

• kuti muyambe kugulitsa, kuchuluka kwa ma ruble 5,000 kapena kuposerapo ndikokwanira;
• akaunti imatsegulidwa pamaziko a pasipoti ndi satifiketi ya TIN (wogulitsa angafunike zikalata zina);
• malo amalipiritsa chindapusa pafupifupi 120 rubles pamwezi;
• ngati palibe kusintha komwe kwachitika mwezi uno, wogulitsa salipira ntchitoyo;
• ntchito yogulitsa ndi pafupifupi 1 ruble;
• ngati ntchitoyo yatha pa tsiku lomaliza, ntchitoyo idzakhala 50 kopecks;
• ndondomeko ya malonda amtsogolo ikugwirizana ndi malonda a magawo pa Moscow Exchange – kuyambira 10:30 mpaka 18:45 nthawi ya Moscow;
• pali gawo lowonjezera (“madzulo”) kwa amalonda akuyang’ana ma indices akunja – kuyambira 19:00 mpaka 23:50 nthawi ya Moscow;
• kutha ntchito kumachitika kanayi pachaka, monga kukhazikika komaliza ndi eni mapangano am’tsogolo;
• misonkho (13% ya ndalama) imaperekedwa kamodzi pachaka (pamene wogulitsa akuchotsa ndalama ku akaunti).

Kupeza mwayi wosinthana ndi CME

Osati nthawi zabwino kwambiri za chuma cha Russia, pamene tsogolo la chuma cha makampani aku Russia likutsika mtengo, amalonda akuganiza zogulitsa malonda akunja. Kufikira pa nsanja zamagetsi za CME ndikotsegukira kuchita malonda kudzera pa intaneti. Kuti muyambe kuchita malonda pakusinthana uku:

• m’pofunika kusankha broker wopereka mwayi – kusankha kwa broker kumachitika pophunzira mavoti awo ovomerezeka pa mawebusaiti a ndalama (https://brokers.ru/, etc.);
• fufuzani kuti broker wosankhidwa akupezeka patsamba la CME kuwombola palokha – https://www.cmegroup.com/, atalembetsa kale pa izo;
• kuti alembetse, ma broker ambiri amangofunika pasipoti ndi satifiketi ya TIN (nthawi zina oyimira pakati amafunsa kuti atenge kuchokera kubanki komwe akaunti ya kasitomala imatsegulidwa kapena ndalama zothandizira);
• kulembetsa ndi broker kumaphatikizapo kudzaza mafunso ndi mafunso okhudza mbiri yaupandu, achibale omwe amagwira ntchito m’mabungwe aboma, ndi zina zambiri.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwake

Kugwira ntchito ndi chida chamtunduwu kuli ndi mbali zabwino komanso zoyipa. Ubwino wa malonda am’tsogolo:

• kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito mapangano pazongopeka pakusintha kwamtengo wamtengo wapatali;
• makampani opanga amapeza mwayi wotsekera (inshuwaransi motsutsana ndi kusintha kosafunikira) mitengo ya katundu wawo;
• kuti athetse mgwirizano, palibe chifukwa cholipira ndalama zonse za mtengo wake;
• mwayi wochuluka wazinthu zosiyanasiyana (kuchokera ku msika wa zipangizo mpaka ku cryptocurrencies);
• monga ulamuliro, mkulu liquidity wa makontrakitala (koma pali kuchotserapo);
• mawonekedwe okhazikika a mgwirizano – zinthu zonse zidalembedwa kale, zimangosankha njira yoyenera;
• nsanja zambiri zimapereka mwayi wopanga malonda.

Kuipa kwa malonda amtsogolo ndi:

• pachiwopsezo cha kutayika kwa amalonda ndalama zopitilira malipiro oyamba chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu;
• nthawi ya “moyo” wa mgwirizano ndi yochepa, ndipo kuti iwonjezere nthawi isanathe (kukhala ndi udindo), m’pofunika kugula zida zofanana za mndandanda wotsatira, zomwe zidzasokoneza phindu lonse;
• kusatha kuneneratu momveka bwino komanso molondola za “khalidwe” la mitengo ndikusanthula kuchuluka kwa chiwopsezo pazochitika zilizonse, kuchuluka kwa mapangano ndi zizindikiro zina, sizomveka kuyambitsa tsogolo la malonda;
• malonda am’tsogolo amatenga nthawi yambiri ndi chidwi cha amalonda.

Kodi muyenera kudziwa chiyani za future specifications?

Magawo onse a mgwirizano wam’tsogolo ali mu chikalata chapadera – tsatanetsatane wamtsogolo. Mafotokozedwe amapangidwa ndi kusinthanitsa, koma olamulira amsika oyenerera amsika amaloledwa kuvomereza kapena ayi. Popeza mapangano amtsogolo okha ndi okhazikika, kusiyana kwawo kokha kumaphatikizidwa muzofotokozera. Ndi chidziwitso ichi chomwe wochita malonda ayenera kupanga chisankho chokhudzana ndi malonda amtsogolo. Kumvetsetsa mafotokozedwe (zomwe ndendende magawo amasonyezedwa mmenemo ndi zomwe zimakhudza) ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pa malonda oyenerera. Futures specifications structure:

1. Dzina. Mwachitsanzo, mgwirizano wamtsogolo wa golide.
2. Kukula kwake. Kuchuluka kwa katundu (mofanana ndi zofanana) zomwe mgwirizano umodzi watsirizidwa. (matani 5 amkuwa, magawo 200 a kampani inayake, ma euro 3,000, ndi zina).
3. khalidwe khalidwe. Zimasonyezedwa kukonza chinthu chomwe mtengo wake umatsimikiziridwa, ndi mitundu yanji ya katunduyo yomwe ingaloledwe. Monga lamulo, chinthu choterechi chimaperekedwa kwa zinthu zaiwisi (zakuthupi).
4. Kutsimikizika. Zimatsimikiziridwa malinga ndi nthawi yomwe ikufotokozedwa ndi mgwirizano, pamene kuwerengera kapena kubereka kumapangidwa.
5. Ndemanga. Zimatanthawuza njira yokhazikitsira mtengo wa katundu ndipo zimatengera mtundu wake:
   • kwa katundu, magawo, ndalama, mtengo umayikidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama (80 rubles pa 1 euro, etc.);
   • ngati mankhwalawo ndi ma bond and deposits, mtengo umawerengedwa potengera zokolola;
   • kwa katundu mu mawonekedwe a mbiri ya mitundu ingapo ya katundu, mtengo ndi mtengo wa mtengo index pa mbiri yokha;
   • kwa zinthu zomwe sizili wamba, mtengo wake umawerengedwa payekhapayekha, kutengera mawonekedwe.
6. Teak. Kusintha kochepa pamtengo wa katundu wololedwa ndi mgwirizano, mwachitsanzo, 1 cent. Khwerero – malire a kusintha kwa mtengo umodzi, komwe kungakhale kochulukira pa sitepe iyi kapena tiki.
7. Mtengo woyerekeza. Mtengo wa katundu umenewo, womwe ndi maziko a zonse zomwe zilipo panopa komanso zomaliza pansi pa mgwirizano.

Njira Zogulitsa Zam’tsogolo

Palibe njira zambiri zamalonda zam’tsogolo. Zina mwa izo, zothandiza kwambiri ndi izi:

1. Kutsekereza. Kugula zam’tsogolo pazinthu zodalirana. Mwachitsanzo: ndege imagula makontrakitala am’tsogolo amafuta kuti adziteteze ku chiwopsezo chotayika chifukwa chakukwera kwamitengo yamafuta.
2. Kupeza katundu. Kugula mankhwala pamtengo wotsika kuposa momwe zidzakhalire mtsogolo.
3. Kungoyerekeza. Poganiza kuti mtengo wa katundu ukukwera, wogulitsa amagula kuti agulitse pamene mtengo ukukwera.
4. scalping. Monga lamulo, zongopeka zokha pazanthawi kochepa (mpaka milliseconds) kusintha kwamitengo.
5. Kuthetsa. Kutsegula zochitika zotsutsana wina ndi mzake. Mwachitsanzo: kugula katundu ndi kugulitsa zam’tsogolo kuti apindule ndi kutha kwa tsogolo.

Kodi chowopsa kwa ongobadwa kumene ndi chiyani?

Amalonda oyambira amatha kutaya ndalama zawo zonse podumphira molunjika mu “dziwe lamalonda”. Popanda chidziwitso chokwanira, ganizirani kuopsa kwake:

• kukhalapo kwa amalonda achinyengo (pali chiwerengero chosawerengeka cha iwo pa intaneti);
• kutsatsa komwe kumalonjeza phindu lalikulu chifukwa chongodina kamodzi pa mbewa;
• kubera maakaunti ndi maakaunti chifukwa cha mawu achinsinsi osavuta okhazikitsidwa ndi amalonda kapena kusunga mawu achinsinsi pagulu;
• chikhulupiliro cha wogulitsa pa kuwerengera msonkho ndi kusinthanitsa – nthawi zonse sungani ndondomeko yowerengera yodziimira;
• maganizo ake patsogolo pa maganizo popanga zisankho.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kukulitsa chidziwitso cha chidziwitso chawo, munthu aliyense amakumana ndi gawo la umbuli. Motero, pabuka mafunso atsopano. M’munsimu muli ambiri pakati pa novice osunga ndalama ndi amalonda.

Osalakwitsa bwanji posankha broker?

Ndizovuta kuzizindikira poyamba. Ganizirani zoyenera kuchita:

• kukhalapo kwa ndemanga zabwino komanso kusakhalapo kwa zoyipa zimadzutsa kukayikira – ndemanga zitha kukhala zabodza;
• nthawi yokwanira ya ntchito ya kampani (kuphatikiza nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi tsogolo);
• fufuzani ngati kampani yobwereketsa ili ndi chilolezo (pali zolembera zapadera pamasamba a Moscow Exchange ndi Bank of Russia);
• ma nuances a ntchito ya kampaniyo malingana ndi zosowa zake: kufalikira (komisheni), mphamvu, zida zofunikira zogulitsira ndi zina zomwe zili ndi chidwi kwa wogulitsa, osati kampani ya broker.

Kodi ndingapeze kuti mbiri yakale?

Kuti mupange njira yogulitsira malonda komanso kuti mukhale ndi maphunziro athunthu pazamalonda, oyamba kumene m’munda adzafunikadi mbiri yakale ya zolemba zamtsogolo pazaka zapitazi. Zambiri zoterezi zitha kupezeka patsamba lovomerezeka laogulitsa, komanso pamasamba apadera azachuma, mwachitsanzo, https://www.finam.ru/.

Kodi ndingapeze kuti mndandanda wathunthu wamtsogolo?

Mndandanda wazinthu zonse zamtsogolo zimasindikizidwa pamasamba osinthanitsa ndi mabwalo apadera azachuma. Zambiri zimasinthidwa munthawi yake, ndizotheka kupanga mindandanda pogwiritsa ntchito zosefera za parameter.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani pa tsiku lomaliza la malonda?

Tsiku lomaliza la malonda (kutha) limabweretsa kuchotsedwa kwa tsogolo pa malonda. Komanso, kutha ntchito ndi tsiku la kukwaniritsidwa kwa maudindo omwe adagwirizana mu mgwirizano wa wogula ndi wogulitsa. Patsiku lotha pazochitika zam’tsogolo, kusinthanitsa kumawerengera zotsatira, malingana ndi zotsatira, ngongole ndi debits ndalama kuchokera ku akaunti za wogulitsa ndi wogula. Pansi pa mgwirizano wamtsogolo woperekedwa, wogulitsa amalandira ndalama zogulira katunduyo, ndipo wogula amalandira ufulu wokhala nazo.

Kodi osunga ndalama amafunikira zam’tsogolo?

Wogulitsa aliyense amasankha yekha kugwiritsa ntchito chida chachuma ngati malonda am’tsogolo. Pamene Investor asankha kusankha chida ichi, ayenera kuganizira:

• zam’tsogolo – zochitika zazifupi zomwe zimafuna chidwi ndi chidwi;
• omwe ali ndi makontrakitala am’tsogolo samalandira ndalama zopanda phindu ngati zopindula;
• ngati kutayika kwa nthawi yayitali, sikungatheke “kudikirira” (mpaka mtengo usinthe njira yabwino kwa wogulitsa ndalama) (m’tsogolomu ndi yochepa).

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe mungasankhe posankha zam’tsogolo potengera masiku?

Amalonda ena, posankha mgwirizano wam’tsogolo ngati chinthu chofunika kwambiri popanga mgwirizano, amasiya tsogolo lawo, tsiku lomaliza lomwe likukonzekera posachedwapa. Patsiku lino m’pamene pali ndalama zambiri zamadzimadzi. Ambiri mwa makontrakitala amakhala ndi nthawi ya miyezi itatu. Kuchita kwa makontrakitala ambiri kumachitika pa 15. Posankha zam’tsogolo zomwe zimatha kale kuposa ena, pali mwayi wopeza phindu (nthawi yocheperako yatsala kuti mitengo isinthe). Izi sizichitika konsekonse, koma chisankho chodziwika bwino. Aristotle ananenanso kuti “mantha amachititsa anthu kuganiza. Kumvetsetsa kuopsa kwa malonda amtsogolo kumalimbikitsa oyamba kumene kuti azidziphunzitsa nthawi zonse m’dziko lampikisano lachitetezo. Gawo lirilonse latsopano liyenera kuchitidwa mosamala komanso mosamala, ndikusanthula zotsatira zake.