Mhedziso yezvibvumirano zveramangwana iri kure nekutsva, asi gore rega rega chiridzwa chinowedzera kushandiswa mumusika wemasheya. Vatengesi veNovice nevashambadziri vanowanzo tendeudzira kutarisisa kwavo kune ramangwana, vachiona kuti chiridzwa ichi chinovimbisa sei. Kuitwa kwakabudirira kwekutengeserana kunoda kunzwisisa kwemisimboti yayo uye zvakanangana.
- Ramangwana sechishandiso chekutengesa masheya
- Musiyano pakati peramangwana nemasheya
- Mhando dzezvibvumirano
- Inoshanda sei?
- Leverage
- Ndekupi kushanda neramangwana?
- Kunyoresa uye kutengesa mamiriro paFORTS
- Kuwana mukana kune CME exchange
- Zvakanakira nezvayakaipira
- Chii chaunofanira kuziva nezve ramangwana specification?
- Futures Trading Strategies
- Ndeipi njodzi kune vatsva?
- Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
- Sei kusaita chikanganiso pakusarudza broker?
- Ndingawane kupi quote history?
- Ndekupi kwandingawane runyoro rwakakwana rweramangwana?
- Chii chinoitika pazuva rekupedzisira rekutengesa?
- Vanoisa mari vanoda ramangwana here?
- Ndeapi maitiro ekusarudza ramangwana nemazuva?
Ramangwana sechishandiso chekutengesa masheya
Kondirakiti yeramangwana chibvumirano chekutenga kana kutengesa asset pazuva rakatarwa nemutengo wakafanotarwa. Zvinhu zviri pasi pemabhondi, mari, mari dzemubereko uye kunyangwe inflation rate pamusika weMoscow Exchange. Muenzaniso wakapusa wekondirakiti remangwana:
- Murimi anorima nekutengesa bhinzi. Gore rino rinodhura zana rinowanzoita rubles, asi kune fungidziro yekuti zhizha richaonga, izvo zvinoreva kuti kukohwa kuchave kwakawanda. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mukupera kwematsutso chikafu chinotanga kudarika chinodiwa bhinzi. Mitengo ichadonha.
- Murimi haadi kutengesa bhinzi zvakachipa. Anowana vatengi pachine nguva, vanodavira kuti goho richava rakashata, uye mitengo ichakwira maererano.
- Vanobvumirana pakati pavo kuti mumwedzi mitanhatu murimi achapa mutengi bhinzi pazana remaRubles patani.
Mumuenzaniso uyu, murimi anoita basa remutengesi weramangwana – anogadzirisa mutengo uye rimwe zuva apo zvinhu zvichaendeswa kune mutengi. Ichi ndicho chirevo chekutengeserana kwemangwana. Kutengeserana kunoitwa pamusika wemari.
Musiyano pakati peramangwana nemasheya
Musiyano mukuru pakati pezviridzwa zviviri izvi uri muzvinhu zvinotengeswa. Musiyano uyu ndiwo unounza frugality. Mutengesi haaisi mari yese, asi huwandu hwayo hwakatarwa – zvisungo zvekuvimbisa. Izvi zvinowanzova 12-13% yekukosha kweasset pachayo. Musiyano uripo pakati penguva yemberi uye masheya zvakare nyore kunzwisisa nemuenzaniso wemifananidzo:
- Angelina akadzidza zvakanyanya mvura (izvo zvinogona kukurumidza kutengeswa pedyo nemutengo wemusika) remangwana paMoscow Exchange uye akasarudza kutenga zvikamu zana kana 100 remangwana reGazprom migove. Ikozvino mutengo wemugove ndeye 228 rubles.
- Kuti atenge, Angelina achafanira kushandisa:
- nokuda kwezvikamu zana – 228 x 100 = 22,800 rubles;
- nokuda kwe100 ramangwana – 228 x 100 x 12% = 2736 rubles.
- Mari yeramangwana ishoma. Haisi iyo pfuma pachayo iri kutengwa, asi kukakavara kuchinja mutengo wayo.
Kunewo mimwe misiyano. Kunyanya kumira:
- Validity. Inogumira kune remangwana. Ndiko kuti, watenga chibvumirano cheramangwana kwemwedzi mina, zvisungo zvinotsanangurwa muchibvumirano zvinofanirwa kuzadzikiswa mumwedzi mina. Migove haigone kutengeswa chero nguva.
- Kupa mukana. Paunenge uchitenga chibvumirano cheramangwana, kuwedzera kunopihwa (izvo zvinoratidzwa muchibvumirano). Kurasikirwa kana purofiti inoverengerwa tichifunga kuti ndezvipi chaizvo zvakawanikwa, kunyangwe mupfungwa chaiyo havana kuwanikwa.
Mhando dzezvibvumirano
Kune marudzi maviri ezvibvumirano zveramangwana – kuendesa uye kugadzirisa. Vatengesi vega vega vanoshandisa kushandiswa kwemhando yechipiri yekutengeserana. Futures, inova chibvumirano chekugadzirisa:
- chishandiso chekuita mari pamusiyano wemitengo;
- mushure mekupera kwenguva yakatarwa yekutendeseka (kupera kwenguva) kwechibvumirano, iyo asset haina kuendeswa muchimiro chayo chechisikigo, asi muganhu wayo wekusiyana unoverengerwa.
Musiyano wemusiyano mutengo wakaverengerwa nekutsinhana, uchiratidza kuti imarii ichanyorwa kana kuverengerwa kuaccount yemutengesi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vatori vechikamu mukontrakiti yeramangwana vanogona kuita purofiti kana kuramba vari kurasikirwa.
Inoshanda sei?
Pfungwa yekutengesa ndeyekutenga yakaderera uye kutengesa zvakakwirira. Ndiwo mutsauko pakati pemitengo yekutenga nekutengesa ndiyo purofiti inodiwa nemutengesi. Pakupera kwechibvumirano, chimwe chezvinotevera chinoitika, zvichienderana nekuti mutengo wechigadzirwa wakaita sei:
- mutengo wakaramba usina kuchinjwa – mamiriro emari emutengi uye mutengesi haana kuchinja;
- mutengo wakakwira – mutengi akawana, uye mutengesi akarasikirwa nemari;
- mutengo wakawa – mutengi akaramba ari kurasikirwa, uye mutengesi akagamuchira purofiti (purofiti).
Chero ipi zvayo yemapato echibvumirano, achiziva kuti pakupera kwenguva yekupera, achatambura kurasikirwa, haazokwanisi kumisa nzira. Kutsinhana kunodzora chisungo chemapato kutengesa / kutenga zvinhu panguva yakatarwa muchibvumirano. Kudzora kunoitwa nenzira yekusungirwa kubhadhara kweinishuwarenzi deposit (collateral) nemapato echibvumirano. Nhamba yekontrakiti haina kubhadharwa zvizere zvisati zvaitika, asi “dhipoziti” paakaunti yevatengesi yakaomeswa nechando. Kukura kwedhipoziti kunotarirwa nemhando uye chinhu chekutengeserana. Huwandu hwemari inogona kuwanikwa mune ramangwana zvakananga zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwemari yakasimwa. Ndiko kuti, zvibvumirano zvakawanda zvakatengwa, iyo yakawanda inotarisirwa purofiti.
Leverage
Mumisika yemari, mamiriro ezvinhu anowanzomuka umo mutengesi anokweretesa mari kune mutengesi kuitira kuti iyo yekupedzisira ivhure nzvimbo huru. Chiito ichi chinonzi leverage uye chinoshandiswa mune ramangwana rekutengesa. Hazvidhuri kuti vatengesi vape sevhisi yakadai. Kurasikirwa kwavo kunogoneka kunogumira pasara yeakaundi yekutengesa yemutengi. Kana kurasikirwa kwakaenzana nehuwandu hwemari muakaunti yemutengesi, mutengesi achamisa zvinzvimbo zvese zvazvino, asingabvumire mutengi kurasikirwa kupfuura zvaakasiya. Kuwedzera kwega hakukanganise mwero wengozi. Inobatwa nehukuru hwenzvimbo yakavhurwa neanobhidha.
Ndekupi kushanda neramangwana?
Ramangwana rinotengeswa pamasheya. Kune vatengesi nevashambadziri, vanotsinhana vatori vechikamu, zvibvumirano zvakakura zvinowanikwa zvakananga. Vanoshuvira kuita zvekutengesa remangwana vanofanirwa kuvhura account yekutengesa nesangano rebrokerage. Iko kuchinjana kunopa vatengi mapuratifomu ekuwana kutengeserana, uye kutonga maitiro ayo. Kuchinjana kukuru kweramangwana munyika:
- Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME);
- Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT);
- Euronext ishanduro yepasi rose yeEurope;
- Eurex (European);
- Moscow Currency Exchange (MICEX).
Pamusoro pezviri pamusoro apa, musika wezvemari une nhamba huru yekutsinhana nemavhoriyamu akasiyana ekutengeserana. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvibvumirano zvinogadziriswa maererano ne:
- uwandu;
- kunaka;
- nguva dzekugadzirisa.
Iyi mipimo haichinjike, ndeyechigarire. Zvisinei nekuti ndiani mutengesi panguva yeimwe auction, uye ndiani mutengi. Pasinei nekutsinhana kunoronga iyo auction.
Kunyoresa uye kutengesa mamiriro paFORTS
Iyo Moscow Exchange yakagadzira chikuva chekutengesa ramangwana (kuva nenguva yakatarwa) zvibvumirano – FORTS. Kuti uwane papuratifomu, nyoresa nebhuroka inokwanisa kuwana iyo Russian stock exchange.
Rondedzero yemakambani ebrokerage inowanikwa paMoscow Exchange webhusaiti – https://www.moex.com/.
Mamiriro ekupa mukana uye kushanda neFORTs:
- kutanga kutengesa, huwandu hwe5,000 rubles kana kupfuura hwakakwana;
- account inovhurwa pahwaro hwekupa pasipoti uye TIN chitupa (mutengesi angangoda mamwe magwaro);
- nzvimbo yacho inobhadhara mari yebasa inenge 120 rubles pamwedzi;
- kana pasina kutengeserana kwakaitwa mwedzi uripo, mutengesi haabhadhare basa racho;
- komisheni yekutengeserana inenge 1 ruble;
- kana kutengeserana kwapera pazuva rekupedzisa kwayo, komisheni ichava 50 kopecks;
- purogiramu yekutengeserana kweramangwana inopindirana nekutengeserana muzvikamu paMoscow Exchange – kubva 10:30 kusvika 18:45 nguva yeMoscow;
- kune imwe yekuwedzera (“manheru”) musangano kune vatengesi vanotarisa kune dzimwe nyika indices – kubva 19:00 kusvika 23:50 Moscow nguva;
- kupera kunoitwa kane pagore, sekugadzirisa kwekupedzisira nevaridzi vezvibvumirano zveramangwana;
- mitero (13% yemari) inobhadharwa kamwe pagore (apo mutengesi anobvisa mari kubva kuaccount).
Kuwana mukana kune CME exchange
Mune kwete nguva dzakanakisisa dzehupfumi hweRussia, apo ramangwana rezvinhu zvemakambani eRussia ari kudhura, vatengesi vari kufunga nezvekutengesa kune dzimwe nyika. Kuwanikwa kuCME zvemagetsi mapuratifomu kwakavhurika kutengesa kuburikidza neInternet. Kutanga kutengesa pane iyi shanduko:
- zvakakosha kuti usarudze bhuroka inopa mukana – kusarudzwa kwebroker kunoitwa nekudzidza zviyero zvavo zvepamutemo pamawebhusaiti evanoisa mari (https://brokers.ru/, nezvimwewo);
- tarisa bhuroka rakasarudzwa rinowanikwa pawebhusaiti yeCME exchange pachayo – https://www.cmegroup.com/, yakambonyoresa pairi;
- kunyoresa, vatengesi vazhinji vanongoda pasipoti uye chitupa cheTIN (dzimwe nguva vamiriri vanokumbira kubviswa kubva kubhangi uko account yemutengi inovhurwa kana bhiri rekushandisa);
- kunyoreswa nemutengesi kunosanganisira kuzadza bvunzo nemibvunzo nezve rekodhi rekodhi, hama dzinoshanda mumasangano ehurumende, nezvimwe.
Zvakanakira nezvayakaipira
Kushanda nerudzi urwu rwekudyara chiridzwa chine mativi akanaka uye asina kunaka. Zvakanakira zvekutengesa mune ramangwana:
- mukana wekushandisa zvibvumirano zvekufungidzira pamusoro pekuchinja mumutengo wechinhu chiri pasi;
- makambani ekugadzira anowana mukana wekuvhara (inshuwarisi pamusoro pekuchinja kusingadiwi) mitengo yezvinhu zvavo;
- kupedzisa chibvumirano, hapana chikonzero chekubhadhara mari yose yekukosha kwayo;
- kuwana kwakawanda kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana (kubva pamusika wezvigadzirwa kusvika kune cryptocurrencies);
- sekutonga, yakakwira liquidity yezvibvumirano (asi pane zvisizvo);
- chimiro chezvibvumirano – zvese zvakatonyorwa kare, zvinongosara chete kusarudza sarudzo yakakodzera;
- mapuratifomu mazhinji anopa kugona kuita otomatiki kutengesa.
Zvakaipa zvekutengesa mune ramangwana ndezvekuti:
- munjodzi yekurasikirwa nevatengesi vemari inodarika kubhadhara kwekutanga nekuda kwekushandiswa kwekuwedzera;
- nguva ye “hupenyu” yechibvumirano ishoma, uye kuitira kuti iwedzere nguva isati yapera (kubata nzvimbo), zvakakosha kutenga zviridzwa zvakafanana zvezvikamu zvinotevera, izvo zvichakanganisa purofiti yose;
- kusakwanisa kujekesa uye kunyatsofanotaura “maitiro” emitengo uye kuongorora chiyero chengozi mukutengeserana kwega kwega, kuwanda kwezvibvumirano nezvimwe zviratidzo, hazvina musoro kutanga kutengesa ramangwana;
- kutengeserana kweramangwana kunotora nguva yakawanda yemutengesi uye kutarisa.
Chii chaunofanira kuziva nezve ramangwana specification?
Ese ma paramita ekondirakiti remangwana ari mugwaro rakakosha – iyo remangwana yakatarwa. Iyo yekumisikidzwa inogadzirwa nekuchinjana, asi akakodzera ehurumende anodzora emusika anopihwa mvumo yekuibvumira kana kwete. Sezvo zvibvumirano zveramangwana pachazvo zvakajairwa, misiyano yavo chete inosanganisirwa mune zvakatemwa. Ndirwo ruzivo urwu kuti mutengesi anofanirwa kuita sarudzo ine chekuita nekutengesa kweramangwana. Kunzwisisa kutsanangurwa (izvo chaizvo ma parameter anoratidzwa mairi uye izvo zvavanobata) ndeimwe yeakanyanya kukosha mamiriro ekutengesa kwakaringana. Futures specification chimiro:
- Zita. Semuenzaniso, kondirakiti yeramangwana regoridhe.
- Saizi. Huwandu hweiyo asset (mune inofanana yakaenzana) iyo imwe kondirakiti inopedzwa. (5 matani emhangura, 200 migove yeimwe kambani, 3,000 euros, nezvimwewo).
- unhu hunhu. Inoratidzirwa kugadzirisa chimwe chigadzirwa chakatemerwa mutengo, ndeapi marudzi easset anogona kubvumidzwa. Sezvo mutemo, chinhu chakadaro chakatemerwa kune mbishi (zvinhu) zvinhu.
- Validity. Inotarirwa zvichienderana nenguva inotsanangurwa nekontrakiti, kana kuverenga kana kuendeswa kunoitwa.
- quote. Inotsanangura nzira yekumisikidza mutengo weasset uye zvinoenderana nerudzi rwayo:
- kune zvinhu, masheya, mari, mutengo unotarwa nehuwandu hwemari (80 rubles ye1 euro, nezvimwewo);
- kana chigadzirwa chiri zvisungo uye mari, mutengo unotarwa zvichienderana negoho;
- kune midziyo mumhando yemapotfolio emhando dzinoverengeka dzezvinhu, mutengo ndiko kukosha kweiyo indekisi yemutengo weiyo portfolio pachayo;
- kune zvisiri-standard assets, mutengo unotarwa mumwe nemumwe, zvichienderana nemaitiro.
- Teak. Iko kudiki shanduko mumutengo weasset inobvumidzwa nekontrakiti, semuenzaniso, 1 cent. Nhanho – muganho wekuchinja kwemutengo mumwe chete, unogona kuve wakawanda weiyi nhanho chete kana tiki.
- Inofungidzirwa mutengo. Mutengo iwoyo weasset, unova hwaro hwezvese zvazvino uye zvekupedzisira kugadzirisa pasi pechibvumirano.
Futures Trading Strategies
Iko hakuna nzira dzakawanda dzekutengesa ramangwana. Pakati pavo, anonyanya kushanda ndeaya:
- Hedging. Kutengwa kweramangwana pazvinhu zvinodyidzana. Semuenzaniso: ndege inotenga zvibvumirano zveramangwana zvemafuta kuti zvizvidzivirire kubva panjodzi yekurasikirwa nekukwira kwemitengo yemafuta.
- Kutorwa kweasset. Kutenga chigadzirwa nemutengo wakaderera pane zvazvichava mune ramangwana.
- Kufungidzira. Tichifunga kuwedzera kwemutengo weasset, mutengesi anotenga kuitira kuti atengese kana mutengo uchikwira.
- scalping. Sezvo mutemo, otomatiki fungidziro pane pfupi-nguva (kusvika milliseconds) mutengo shanduko.
- Arbitration. Kuvhura kutengeserana kunopesana kune mumwe nemumwe. Semuenzaniso: kutenga stock uye kutengesa ramangwana pairi kuitira kuti ubatsirwe kubva pakupera kweramangwana.
Ndeipi njodzi kune vatsva?
Vanotanga vatengesi vanogona kurasikirwa nemari yavo yose nekunyura mu “dziva rekutengesa”. Pasina ruzivo rwakakwana, funga nezvengozi dzacho:
- kuvapo kwevatengesi vanonyengera (kune nhamba isingaverengeki yavo paInternet);
- kushambadzira kunovimbisa purofiti inoshamisa semhedzisiro yekudzvanya kamwe chete kwegonzo;
- kubirwa maakaunti nemaakaundi nekuda kwepassword iri nyore yakagadzwa nemutengesi kana kuchengeta mapassword munzvimbo yeruzhinji;
- kuvimba kwemutengesi maererano nekuverengwa kwemutero nekutsinhanisa – nguva dzose chengetedza shanduro yezvinyorwa zvekuverenga zvakasununguka;
- manzwiro ako pamberi pepfungwa pakuita sarudzo.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Kuwedzera mhedziso yeruzivo rwavo, munhu wega wega anosangana nenzvimbo yekusaziva. Saizvozvo, mibvunzo mitsva inomuka. Pazasi pane anonyanya kuzivikanwa pakati pevanovice vatengesi nevatengesi.
Sei kusaita chikanganiso pakusarudza broker?
Zvakaoma kuzvinzwisisa pakutanga. Funga nezvezvinodiwa:
- kuvapo kwekuongororwa kwakanaka uye kusavapo kwevasina kunaka kunomutsa kufungidzira – ongororo dzinogona kunge dziri dzenhema;
- nguva yakakwana yebasa rekambani (pamwe chete nenguva yebasa neramangwana);
- tarisa kana femu yebrokerage ine rezinesi (kune akakosha marejista pawebhusaiti yeMoscow Exchange uye Bank of Russia);
- nuances yebasa rekambani zvichienderana nezvainoda: kupararira (komisheni), kuwedzera, zvinodiwa zvekutengesa zviridzwa uye mamwe ma parameter anofarira kune mutengesi, uye kwete iyo bhuroka kambani.
Ndingawane kupi quote history?
Kugadzira hurongwa hwekutengesa uye mune zvakazara kudzidziswa kwakazara mukutengesa, vanotanga mumunda vanozoda nhoroondo yemakotesheni emangwana mumakore apfuura. Iyi data inogona kuwanikwa pawebhusaiti yepamutemo yebroker, pamwe neakasarudzika ruzivo rwemari mawebhusaiti, semuenzaniso, https://www.finam.ru/.
Ndekupi kwandingawane runyoro rwakakwana rweramangwana?
Mazita akazara ezvigadzirwa zveramangwana anoburitswa pamawebhusaiti ekuchinjana uye maforamu emari anehunyanzvi. Ruzivo runovandudzwa nenguva, zvinokwanisika kugadzira zvinyorwa uchishandisa parameter mafirita.
Chii chinoitika pazuva rekupedzisira rekutengesa?
Zuva rekupedzisira rekutengesa (kupera) kunounza kubviswa kweramangwana kubva pakutengesa. Zvakare, kupera kwenguva izuva rekuzadzikiswa kwezvisungo zvakabvumiranwa muchibvumirano kune chikamu chemutengi nemutengesi. Pazuva rekupera kweramangwana rekugadzirisa, kuchinjana kunopfupisa zvigumisiro, maererano nemigumisiro, zvikwereti uye zvikwereti mari kubva kumaakaundi emutengesi uye mutengi. Pasi pechibvumirano chenguva yemberi, mutengesi anogamuchira mari yezvinhu, uye mutengi anogamuchira kodzero yekuve yake.
Vanoisa mari vanoda ramangwana here?
Wega wega investor anozvisarudzira ega kuti oshandisa mudziyo wemari wakadaro sekutengesa remangwana. Kana investor afunga kusarudza chiridzwa ichi, anofanira kufunga nezve:
- ramangwana – kutengeserana kwenguva pfupi kunoda kutarisisa uye kutarisa;
- vane zvibvumirano zveramangwana havagamuchire mari inongoitwa nenzira yezvikamu;
- kana kurasikirwa kwenguva refu, hazvizogoneke “kumirira” iyo (kusvikira mutengo wachinja munzira yakanakira muisiri) (ramangwana rakaganhurwa nenguva).
Ndeapi maitiro ekusarudza ramangwana nemazuva?
Vamwe vatengesi, pakusarudza kontrakiti yeramangwana sechinhu chakakosha pakuita chibvumirano, mira pane izvo ramangwana, zuva rekupera iro rakarongerwa ramangwana riri pedyo. Pazuva rino ndipo panoonekwa huwandu hwemari yakawanda. Zvizhinji zvezvibvumirano zvine nguva yemwedzi mitatu. Kuitwa kwezvibvumirano zvakawanda kunoitika musi wa15. Nekusarudza ramangwana rinopera kare kupfuura mamwe, pane mukana wakawanda wekuita purofiti (nguva shoma yasara yekuchinja kwemitengo). Izvi hazvisi zvepasirese, asi sarudzo yakajairika. Aristotle akatiwo “kutya kunoita kuti vanhu vafunge.” Kunzwisisa njodzi dzekutengesa mune ramangwana kunokurudzira vanotanga kuti vagare vachizvidzidzisa munyika inokwikwidza yezvivimbiso. Nhanho imwe neimwe itsva inofanira kuitwa nekuziva uye nekuchenjerera, kuongorora migumisiro.