Chip yubururu Isoko ryimigabane 2024

Muri iki gihe, Ubushinwa ni bumwe mu bukungu bunini kandi bwihuta cyane ku isi. Mu Bushinwa hari ibigo byinshi binini, kandi ntabwo ari ibihangange byikoranabuhanga gusa. Igishoro rusange cy’amasosiyete 170 akomeye yo mu Bushinwa muri iki gihe yarenze miliyoni 7.5. Kubwibyo, kubona imigabane yabo nta gushidikanya ko ari inyungu zo
gutandukanya imishinga ishora imari .

Kugabana imiterere yisoko ryimigabane mubushinwa

Umugabane w’Abashinwa, kimwe n’izindi, isoko ry’imigabane rigabanyijemo ibice bitatu.

Icyambere

Urwego rwa mbere rurimo ububiko bufite urwego rwo hejuru rwamazi. Ibigo byatanze imigabane birahagaze neza, mubyukuri ntabwo byumva impinduka nto kumasoko. Bafite hejuru cyane, hafi 90%, igipimo cyubusa-kireremba hamwe no gukwirakwira. Iyi ni chip yubururu bwubushinwa.

Ubuntu-kureremba – ijanisha ryimigabane yagurishijwe kubuntu ku isoko kugeza ku mubare rusange wimigabane yisosiyete.
Gukwirakwiza ni ikimenyetso cyerekana itandukaniro riri hagati yigiciro cyo kugura no kugurisha imigabane kumwanya umwe mugihe.

Ukurikije igipimo cya Hang Seng (HSI) (Indangamanota ya Hong Kong). Urutonde rwa chip yubururu mubushinwa rurimo ibihangange nka Geely Automobile, Galaxy Entertainment Group, Lenovo nibindi.

Chip yubururu

Nyamara, indangagaciro nyamukuru yubushinwa ni indangagaciro ya SSE 50. Harimo ibigo 50 aribyo binini mu Bushinwa, bifite urwego rwo hejuru rw’imari shingiro, kandi imigabane yabo yerekana imikorere myiza mubijyanye no kwizerwa no gutembera. Uru rutonde rurimo amabanki, inganda n’ubucuruzi bizwi cyane ku isoko ry’isi, harimo, nka – Banki y’Ubushinwa, Impapuro z’iburasirazuba; Banki ya Beijing; PetroChina (isosiyete ya mbere ku isi igeze ku rwego rwa miliyoni imwe y’amadolari); Ubushinwa ingufu za kirimbuzi nizindi.

Icyiciro cya kabiri

Iyi ni imigabane yamasosiyete manini afite, nubwo atari munsi ya echelon yambere, ariko urwego rwo hejuru rwimikorere. Icyiciro cya kabiri ububiko buringaniye mubijyanye nuburinganire-bureremba, ingano yo kugurisha, ingaruka hamwe ninyungu. Ikwirakwizwa ryibigega nkibi ni binini cyane kuruta ibyatsi byubururu.

urwego rwa gatatu

Imigabane yamasosiyete yo mucyiciro cya gatatu ifite urwego ruto cyane rwimikorere, ifite igiciro gito kandi igipimo-cyubusa. Umubare wubucuruzi kuriyi migabane ni muto. Zitwara ibyago byinshi kandi bikwirakwira cyane. Inzego eshatu zububiko bwubushinwa:

Urutonde rwibicuruzwa bya chip byubururu ku isoko ryimigabane y’Ubushinwa

Muri Nzeri 2021, Ubushinwa bwasohoye urutonde rw’amasosiyete 500 akomeye muri Leta. Ukurikije urutonde rwatangajwe hamwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’abayobozi bashinzwe imishinga mu Bushinwa hamwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’abashinwa. Amafaranga yinjiza muri ibyo bigo angana na tiriyari 89.83 JPY (13.900.000 $). kandi yerekanye kwiyongera k’inyungu zingana na 4.43%, mugihe ugereranije nigihe kimwe cyumwaka ushize. Inyungu yakiriwe n’ibi bigo muri 2020 ingana na tiriyari 4.07 JPY (yiyongereyeho 4.59%). Urwego rwinjiza rusabwa kugirango rushyizwe kurutonde narwo rwazamutse, rugera kuri miliyari 39.24 JPY, ni miliyari 3.28 JPY ugereranije nigihe cyashize. Ibigo byinjije miliyari zirenga JPY zirenga 200 (mubyukuri ibigo 222) naho 8 muri byo byarengeje JPY 1.
Nubwo guhangana bigenda bigaragara hagati y’Amerika n’Ubushinwa, imiterere y’umusaruro wanyuma yateye imbere ku buryo bugaragara. Niki gituma impapuro zamasosiyete yubushinwa zikurura cyane ku isoko ryimigabane. Urutonde rwamasosiyete manini (chip yubururu bwubushinwa) arimo ibigo byikoranabuhanga bikorera mubikorwa byumusaruro, ibikoresho byitumanaho. Urutonde rwibigo 8 binini byabashinwa (chip yubururu) ukurikije FORTUNE GLOBAL 500:

Umwanya ku isoko ryUbushinwa	Izina ryisosiyete	Kwimurwa	Tanga miliyoni miriyoni $	Shyira ukurikije FORTUNE GLOBAL 500
imwe	Umuyoboro wa Leta	Beijing	386618	2
2	Ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu Bushinwa	Beijing	283958	bine
3	Itsinda rya Sinopec	Beijing	283728	5
bine	Ubwubatsi bwa Leta y’Ubushinwa	Beijing	234425	13
5	Ping Ubwishingizi	Shenzhen	191509	16
6	Banki y’inganda n’ubucuruzi	Beijing	182794	makumyabiri
7	Banki y’Ubushinwa	Beijing	172000	25
umunani	Banki y’Ubuhinzi y’Ubushinwa	Beijing	153885	29

Amasosiyete menshi yubururu-chip Ubushinwa

Izi sosiyete nizo zizeza cyane ishoramari, ndetse no gukorana n’imigabane yabo ku isoko ryimigabane. Bafite urwego rwo hejuru rwimigabane, kandi bazana amafaranga menshi. Umugabane wabo urashimishije gushora igihe kirekire. Kurugero rero:
State Grid nisosiyete ya leta yUbushinwa, uruganda runini ku isi rwubaka amashanyarazi ya kirimbuzi mubihugu byinshi byisi kandi rukwirakwiza amashanyarazi muri PRC. Byongeye kandi, ibinyujije mu mashami yacyo, ishora imari mu guteza imbere imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi no kubaka ibikoresho bishya mu mahanga (Burezili, Filipine, n’ibindi)

Nkurikije ibyavuye muri cyamunara, imiterere y’imari y’ikigo ni iyi ikurikira.

Ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu Bushinwa– isosiyete nini ya peteroli na gaze mu Bushinwa, ifitwe na leta rwose kandi ifite umwanya wihariye wa monopole ku isoko ryimbere mu gihugu. Harimo amashami menshi (PetroChina, Ingufu za Kunlun, nibindi). Kugeza muri 2019, umutungo wacyo wose ugera kuri tiriyari 2.732 JPY, kandi umubare w’abakozi ugera ku bantu ibihumbi 500. Igiciro cyimigabane ya peteroli yigihugu cyUbushinwa uyumunsi ni:
N’ingaruka n’ibiteganijwe kuri yo:
Izindi chip z’ubururu bw’Ubushinwa, zerekanwa ku mbonerahamwe, zerekana imbaraga zisa.

Nigute wagura chip yubururu

Guhagarara no kunguka ibicuruzwa byubushinwa-chip bituma uba intego nziza zishoramari. Urashobora kugura izo mpapuro.

ku isoko ry’imigabane y’Uburusiya

Imyanya imwe yimigabane yabashinwa irashoboka cyane kumasoko yimigabane yu Burusiya. Ntabwo ari imigabane gusa, ahubwo ni
inyemezabuguzi (ADRs). Bazenguruka ku isoko ry’imigabane rya St. Petersburg kandi bavugwa mu madorari y’Amerika. Ku isoko ryimigabane rya St. Petersburg urashobora kugura:

• Alibaba Group Holding Limited (BABA);
• Isosiyete ya Aluminium y’Ubushinwa Li (ACH);
• Baidu Inc. (BIDU);
• China Eastern Airlines Corporati (CEA);
• Isosiyete y’Ubwishingizi bw’Ubuzima Lim. (LFC);
• Isosiyete y’Ubushinwa y’Amajyepfo (ZNH);
• Mwaramutse Inc. (MOMO);
• Huaneng Power Inc. (HNP);
• Huazhu Group Limited (HTHT);
• com, inc. (JD);
• YUYY Inc. (YY);
• NetEase Inc. (NTES);
• Isosiyete ya PetroChina Limited (PTR);
• Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical (SHI);
• com Ntarengwa (SOHU);
• Itsinda ry’uburezi rya TAL (TAL);
• Vipshop Holdings Limited (VIPS);
• Isosiyete ya Weibo (WB);
• Ubushinwa Mobile (Hong Kong) Ltd. (CHL);
• Ubushinwa bw’itumanaho mu Bushinwa (CHA)

Abandi, uyumunsi ni imyanya igera kuri 30. Ku Isoko rya Moscou, amagambo yatanzwe mu mafaranga kandi atangwa muburyo bukurikira:

• Itsinda rya Alibaba Holding Limited (BABA-RM)
• Baidu Inc. (BIDU-RM)
• Isosiyete ya PetroChina Limited (PTR-RM)
• com, inc. (JD-RM)
• Yokohama Inc. (LI-RM)
• NIO Inc. (NIO-RM)
• Itsinda ry’uburezi rya TAL (TAL-RM)
• Vipshop Holdings Limited (VIPS-RM)

Ariko, umubare wamahitamo ukomeje kwiyongera gahoro gahoro. Kubacuruzi benshi batangiye isoko ryimigabane, ibi birashobora kuba bihagije. Ntabwo bigoye gutangira gukorana nabo, birahagije rwose gufungura
konti yishoramari kugiti cye (konte yo kuvunja). Urebye ko imigabane yashyizwe ku isoko ry’imigabane y’Uburusiya, bagengwa n’urutonde rwose rw’inyungu z’imisoro ikoreshwa mu kugura imigabane y’amasosiyete yo mu gihugu.

Binyuze mubanyamahanga

Abashoramari bifuza gukorana nubwoko butandukanye bwibishinwa byubururu kurusha isoko ryimbere mu gihugu barashobora gutanga konti hamwe nabashoramari bo mumahanga. Umubare munini wimigabane yabashinwa “chip yubururu” mu 2021 wagurishijwe ku ivunjisha ry’Amerika (New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ, n’abandi). Kugirango utangire gucuruza imigabane yubushinwa kuriyi mpanuro, ugomba kuvugana nababishinzwe, nka:

• Charles Schwab,
• E * Ubucuruzi,
• Abakozi bakorana,
• TD Ameritrade, n’abandi.

Binyuze mu ishoramari ritaziguye mu Bushinwa

Ishoramari ritaziguye mu Bushinwa rizavamo inyungu nyinshi kandi nziza, ibi bizagufasha gukoresha komisiyo ntoya, ariko amafaranga azashorwa azaba menshi, kandi ibi ntibishoboka ko bikwiranye nabashoramari bashya.

Binyuze mu ishoramari rusange mu mpapuro z’Ubushinwa

Ubundi buryo bwo kumenyekanisha ububiko bwabashinwa nukugura ΕTF. Mugushora muri ΕTF, umushoramari ntabwo agura imigabane kugiti cye, ahubwo ahita agura igice cyimigabane mumasosiyete atandukanye yo mubushinwa. Rero, gushora imari ntabwo muri sosiyete runaka, ahubwo mumasoko yose yubushinwa. ΕTF irashobora kugurwa ku Isoko rya Moscou. Harimo, AKCH, umuyobozi wa OOO MC Alfa-Capital na FXCN, umuyobozi wa FinEx Funds plc.
Komisiyo y’ikigega ni 0.9% ku mwaka, umutungo ubarwa muri yen, nyamara, ubucuruzi bukorwa mu madorari y’Abanyamerika n’amafaranga, Solactive GBS Ubushinwa ex A-Shares Kinini & Mid Cap USD ikurikiranwa. Ibice byingenzi bigizwe nimpapuro za Tencent Holdings Ltd, Alibaba Group Holding Ltd. na Meituan Icyiciro B, bafite igice kirenga 1/3 cyumushinga wishoramari, ugizwe nimpapuro 230. Alfa Capital’s AKCH ivunjisha-igurishwa ikurikirana Xtrackers Ibisarurwa – 60% na KraneShares Ubushinwa – 40%. Agura gusa ASHR na KWEB amafaranga yagurishijwe, ariko amafaranga ye ni 1.61%. Naya mafaranga, ukuyemo amafaranga ya ETF, 0,65% kuri ASHR na 0,76% kuri KWEB. Ubucuruzi bukorwa mu mafaranga.

Inyungu ningaruka zo gushora imari mubururu ku isoko ryUbushinwa

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, Ubushinwa bwateye imbere nimbaraga zitangaje, kandi uyumunsi birafatwa nkubukungu bwa kabiri (nyuma y’Amerika) ku isi. Ariko icyarimwe, nta bwumvikane hagati yabashoramari kubyerekeye ubukungu bwifashe neza. Ibi biterwa na gahunda ya politiki yiganje mu gihugu. Byongeye kandi, Amerika irwanya kwaguka gukabije kw’amasosiyete yo mu Bushinwa. Kubwibyo, mubiteganijwe mu 2022, igitekerezo cy’uko izamuka ry’ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa rizagenda gahoro cyane ryiganje cyane. Ibi ntibishobora ariko kugira ingaruka ku nyungu ninyungu za chip yubururu bwubushinwa. Kandi mubisanzwe byongera ingaruka zishoramari ryigihe kirekire.

Ni bangahe Ukwiye gushora imari mubushinwa?

Mubihe nkibi bidasobanutse, mugihe uguze imigabane yamasosiyete yubushinwa, hagomba kubahirizwa. Ntawashidikanya ko ejo hazaza heza hateganijwe ibigo byose byo muri iki gihugu. Ariko umuntu ntagomba kwirengagiza ko ubukungu bwUbushinwa butararangiza ubushobozi bwabwo kandi bufite ibyangombwa byose kugirango iterambere ryiyongere. Kubwibyo, igisubizo cyiza kwari ugushora imari mubushinwa bwubururu 6-12% byumushinga wawe. Ibi biragufasha kugabanya ingaruka zawe kandi mugihe kimwe winjiza mubushoramari.

Inyungu zo gushora imari mubushinwa bwubururu

Inyungu zidashidikanywaho zo gushora imari mu Bushinwa zirimo:

• umuvuduko mwinshi wa GDP (ugereranije urenga 8% kumwaka) mumyaka itari mike;
• umugabane munini w’umusaruro w’ikoranabuhanga mu bukungu bw’igihugu;
• guhatanira cyane ibicuruzwa by’Ubushinwa ku isoko ryo hanze;
• igiciro gito cy’umurimo no kuba hari umubare munini w’abaturage bashoboye;
• kugenzura neza n’abayobozi, bigabanya cyane amahirwe yo gukoresha no kubeshya abashoramari.

Ibyiza by’ishoramari

Ariko hamwe nibyiza, gushora imari mubushinwa nabyo bifite ibibi byinshi:

• ukutamenya gushizweho na gahunda ya politiki;
• bishoboka ko “intambara yubucuruzi” ituruka muri Amerika na EU;
• ibyago byo gutanga ibihano;
• kutamenya neza amakuru yatanzwe.

Nibyumvikana kugura igishinwa “ubururu bwubururu”?

Nta gushidikanya, nibyiza kugura imigabane yamasosiyete yubushinwa. Umugabane umwe wimigabane, amasosiyete ashimishije cyane mubushinwa, agomba kuba mubikorwa byishoramari nkumutungo witerambere. Ariko gukoresha igishinwa cyubururu-chip kugirango ubyare inyungu zidasanzwe.