Maanta, Shiinuhu waa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu weyn uguna kobaca dhaqaalaha adduunka. Waxaa jira shirkado badan oo waaweyn oo Shiinaha ku yaala, kuwanuna maaha oo kaliya kuwa tiknoolajiyada sare ah. Wadarta guud ee 170-ka shirkadood ee Shiinaha ugu waaweyn ayaa maanta kor u dhaaftay $7.5 trillion. Sidaa darteed, helitaanka saamigoodu waa shaki la’aan xiiso u leh
kala-duwanaanta faylalka maalgashiga .
- Qaab dhismeedka saamiga ee suuqa saamiyada Shiinaha
- Habka ugu horeeya
- Chines buluug buluug ah
- Qaybta labaad
- heerka saddexaad
- Liiska kaydka buluuga ah ee suuqa saamiyada Shiinaha
- Dhowr shirkadood oo buluug ah oo Shiinaha ah
- Sida loo iibsado Chines blue chips
- ku saabsan sarrifka saamiyada Ruushka
- Iyadoo loo marayo dilaaliinta shisheeye
- Iyadoo loo marayo maalgashi toos ah Shiinaha
- Iyadoo loo marayo maalgelin wadajir ah oo lagu sameeyo securities Shiinaha
- Faa’iidooyinka iyo halista maalgashiga chips buluug ee suuqa Shiinaha
- Intee in le’eg ayaad u baahan tahay inaad ku maalgeliso Chips Blue Chips?
- Faa’iidooyinka maalgashiga Shiinaha ee chips buluugga ah
- Qasaarooyinka maalgashiga
- Macno ma leedahay in la iibsado Shiinaha “chips blue”
Qaab dhismeedka saamiga ee suuqa saamiyada Shiinaha
Saamiyada Shiinaha, sida kuwa kale, suuqa saamiyada waxa loo qaybiyaa saddex qaybood.
Habka ugu horeeya
Heerka koowaad waxaa ku jira kaydka leh heerka ugu sarreeya ee dareeraha. Shirkadaha soo saaray saamiyadu aad bay u deggan yihiin, oo ficil ahaan aan dareensanayn isbeddellada yaryar ee suuqa. Waxay leeyihiin saami aad u sarreeya, oo ku saabsan 90%, saamiga sabbaynaya xorta ah iyo fidsan cidhiidhi ah. Kani waa chips buluuga ah ee Shiinaha.
sabbaynaysa xorta ah – boqolkiiba saamiyada sida xorta ah looga ganacsado suuqa ilaa tirada guud ee saamiyada shirkadda.
Faafintu waa calaamad muujinaysa farqiga u dhexeeya qiimaha wax iibsiga iyo iibinta saamiyada hal mar.
Marka loo eego Hang Seng Index (HSI) (tusmada sarrifka saamiyada Hong Kong). Liistada chips-ka buluuga ah ee Shiinaha waxaa ka mid ah kuwa waaweyn sida Geely Automobile, Kooxda Madadaalada ee Galaxy, Lenovo iyo kuwa kale.
Chines buluug buluug ah
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tusaha chip-buluug ee Shiinaha ee ugu weyn waa SSE 50 Index. Waxaa ku jira 50 shirkadood oo ah kuwa ugu waaweyn Shiinaha, oo leh heerka ugu sarreeya ee wax-soo-saarka, saamigoodu waxay muujinayaan waxqabadka ugu wanaagsan marka loo eego isku halaynta iyo dareeraha. Liiskaan waxaa ku jira bangiyada, warshadaha iyo shirkadaha ganacsiga ee caanka ka ah suuqa adduunka, oo ay ku jiraan, sida – Bank of China, Orient Securities; Bangiga Beijing; PetroChina (shirkad caalami ah oo ugu horraysa ee gaadha $1 trillion heerka hanti-samaynta); Shiinaha National Nuclear Power iyo kuwa kale.
Qaybta labaad
Kuwani waa saamiyo ka mid ah shirkadaha caddaaladda waaweyn ee leh, in kasta oo ay ka yar yihiin echelon hore, laakiin heer sare oo dhexdhexaad ah. Saamiyada heerka labaad waa dhexdhexaad marka loo eego saamiga sabbeynta xorta ah, mugga iibka, khatarta iyo soo celinta. Faafinta kaydka noocan oo kale ah ayaa aad uga ballaaran marka loo eego jajabyada buluuga ah.
heerka saddexaad
Saamiyada shirkadaha heerka saddexaad waxay leeyihiin heerar aad u hooseeya oo dareere ah, waxay leeyihiin qiimaha ugu hooseeya iyo saamiga sabbeynta xorta ah. Mugga ganacsiga ee saamiyadani waa mid yar. Waxay wataan khataro badan iyo fidin aad u ballaaran. Saddex qaybood oo ah saamiyada Shiinaha:
Liiska kaydka buluuga ah ee suuqa saamiyada Shiinaha
Bishii Sebtembar 2021, Shiinuhu wuxuu daabacay liiska 500 ee shirkadood ee ugu waaweyn gobolka. Sida ku cad liiska ay si wada jir ah u daabaceen Ururka Agaasimayaasha Ganacsiga Shiinaha iyo Ururka Ganacsiga Shiinaha. Isku darka dakhliga shirkadahan ayaa gaaray 89.83 trillion JPY (13.9 trillion dollars). waxayna muujisay korodhka faa’iidada 4.43%, siday u kala horreeyaan, marka la barbar dhigo isla muddadaas sannadkii hore. Faa’iidada ay heleen shirkadahan sanadka 2020 ayaa gaaray rikoor dhan 4.07 trillion JPY (kor u kac ah 4.59%). Heerka dakhliga hawlgalka ee looga baahan yahay liiska liiska ayaa sidoo kale kor u kacay, waxa uu ahaa 39.24 bilyan JPY, taas oo ah 3.28 bilyan JPY in ka badan muddadii hore. Shirkadaha dakhligoodu koray in ka badan JPY 100 bilyan waxay dhaafeen 200 (dhab ahaantii 222 shirkadood) 8 ka mid ahina waxay dhaafeen heerka JPY 1 trillion.
| Booska suuqa Shiinaha | Magaca shirkadda | Kala guurid | Soo saar malaayiin $ | Ku meelee iyadoo loo eegayo FORTUNE GLOBAL 500 |
| mid | Shabakadda Gobolka | Beijing | 386618 | 2 |
| 2 | Shiine National Petroleum | Beijing | 283958 | afar |
| 3 | Kooxda Sinopec | Beijing | 283728 | 5 |
| afar | Shiinaha State Engineering Engineering | Beijing | 234425 | 13 |
| 5 | Ping An Caymiska | Shenzhen | 191509kii | 16 |
| 6 | Warshadaha & Bangiga Ganacsiga ee Shiinaha | Beijing | 182794 | labaatan |
| 7 | China Construction Bank | Beijing | 172000 | 25 |
| sideed | Bangiga Beeraha ee Shiinaha | Beijing | 153885 | 29 |
Dhowr shirkadood oo buluug ah oo Shiinaha ah
Shirkadahani waa kuwa ugu rajo weyn maalgashiga, iyo sidoo kale ka shaqeynta saamigooda suuqyada saamiyada. Waxay leeyihiin hanti weyn oo heer sare ah, waxayna keenaan dakhli sare oo joogto ah. Saamigoodu waa mid soo jiidasho leh maalgashiga muddada dheer. Tusaale ahaan:
State Grid waa shirkad Shiineys ah oo ay leedahay dawladda Shiinaha, waa shirkadda ugu weyn adduunka ee ka dhista warshado tamarta nukliyeerka ah dalal badan oo adduunka ah oo u qaybisa korontada dhammaan PRC. Intaa waxaa dheer, iyada oo loo marayo shirkadaheeda, waxay si firfircoon u maalgelisaa horumarinta korantada korantada iyo dhismaha xarumaha cusub ee dibadda (Brazil, Filibiin, iwm.)
Shiine National Petroleum– shirkadda ugu weyn ee saliidda iyo gaaska ee Shiinaha, taas oo gebi ahaanba ay dawladdu leedahay oo ku jirta booska keli ah ee suuqa gudaha. Waxaa ku jira tiro ka mid ah shirkado hoosaadyo (PetroChina, Kunlun Energy, iwm.). Laga bilaabo 2019, hantideeda guud waxay gaadhay 2.732 trillion JPY, tirada shaqaaluhuna waxay gaadhay ku dhawaad 500 kun oo qof. Qiimaha saamiyada ee Shiinuhu Batroolka Qaranka maanta waa:
Sida loo iibsado Chines blue chips
Xasiloonida iyo faa’iidada securities-ka Shiinaha ee blue-chip waxay ka dhigaan bartilmaameedyo maalgashi oo soo jiidasho leh. Waxaad ka iibsan kartaa waraaqahan.
ku saabsan sarrifka saamiyada Ruushka
Qaar ka mid ah boosaska dammaanadda Shiinaha ayaa aad looga heli karaa suuqa saamiyada Ruushka. Kuwani maaha saamiyo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale
rasiidhada dhigaalka (ADRs). Waxay si xor ah ugu wareegaan suuqa saamiyada St. Petersburg waxaana lagu soo qaataa doolarka Maraykanka. Sarrifka saamiyada St. Petersburg waxaad ka iibsan kartaa:
- Alibaba Group Holding Limited (BABA);
- Shirkadda Aluminium ee Shiinaha Li (ACH);
- Baidu Inc. (BIDU);
- China Eastern Airlines Corporati (CEA);
- Shirkadda Caymiska Nolosha ee China Lim. (LFC);
- Shirkadda Diyaaradaha ee Koonfurta Shiinaha (ZNH);
- Hal qayb oo ka mid ah Hello Group Inc. (MOMO);
- Hal qayb oo ka mid ah Huaneng Power International Inc. (HNP);
- Huazhu Group Limited (HTHT);
- com, Inc. (JD);
- JOYY Inc. (YY);
- NetEase Inc. (NTES);
- PetroChina Company Limited (PTR);
- Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical (SHI);
- com Limited (SOHU);
- Kooxda Waxbarashada TAL (TAL);
- Vipshop Holdings Limited (VIPS);
- Shirkadda Weibo (WB);
- Shirkadda China Mobile (Hong Kong) Ltd. (CHL);
- Xaddiga saami qaybsiga China Telecom Corporation (CHA)
Iyo kuwo kale, maanta waa ilaa 30 jago. Isweydaarsiga Moscow, oraahda waxaa lagu sameeyay ruble waxaana lagu soo bandhigay xulashooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee soo socda:
- Shirkadda Alibaba Group Holding Limited (BABA-RM) waxay ku saleysantahay Maraykanka.
- Baidu Inc. (BIDU-RM)
- Shirkadda PetroChina Company Limited (PTR-RM) waxay ku saleysantahay Maraykanka.
- com, Inc. (JD-RM)
- Hal qayb oo ka mid ah Li Auto Inc. (LI-RM)
- NIO Inc. (NIO-RM)
- Kooxda Waxbarashada TAL (TAL-RM)
- Macluumaadka ku saabsan shirkadda Vipshop Holdings Limited, beddelka saamiyada Vipshop Holdings Limited (VIPS-RM) maanta.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tirada xulashooyinka ayaa si joogto ah u kordheysa. Ganacsatada intooda badan ee hadda ka bilaabay suuqa saamiyada, tani way ku filnaan kartaa. Ma adka in la bilaabo la shaqaynta iyaga, way ku filan tahay in la furo
akoon maalgashi oo gaar ah (akoonka sarrifka). Marka la eego in saamiyadu ay ku qoran yihiin suuqa saamiyada Ruushka, waxay ku xiran yihiin dhammaan liiska faa’iidooyinka canshuurta ee khuseeya iibsiga saamiyada shirkadaha gudaha.
Iyadoo loo marayo dilaaliinta shisheeye
Maalgashadayaasha raba in ay la shaqeeyaan noocyo kala duwan oo chib buluug ah oo Shiinaha ah marka loo eego suuqa gudaha ayaa bixin kara xisaabaadka dilaaliinta dibadda. Tirada ugu badan ee saamiyada Shiinaha “chips blue” ee sanadka 2021 ayaa lagu kala gatay sariflayaasha Mareykanka (New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ, iyo kuwa kale). Si aad u bilowdo ganacsiga saamiyada Shiinaha ee sariflayaashan, waa inaad la xiriirtaa dullaaliinta ku habboon, sida:
- Charles Schwab,
- E*Ganacsiga,
- Dallaalleyda is-dhexgalka,
- TD Ameritrade, iyo kuwa kale.
Iyadoo loo marayo maalgashi toos ah Shiinaha
Maalgelinta tooska ah ee Shiinaha ayaa noqon doonta kuwa ugu faa’iidada badan uguna faa’iido badan, tani waxay kuu ogolaaneysaa inaad isticmaasho komishanka ugu yar, laakiin qadarka la maalgelin doono ayaa noqon doona mid aad u weyn, tanina uma badna inay ku haboonaato maalgashadayaasha cusub.
Iyadoo loo marayo maalgelin wadajir ah oo lagu sameeyo securities Shiinaha
Habka kale ee lagu heli karo soo-gaadhista saamiyada Shiinaha waa iyada oo la helayo ΕTF. Maalgelinta ΕTF, maal-galiyuhu ma iibsanayo saamiyo gaar ah, laakiin isla markiiba waxay iibsadaan qayb ka mid ah saamiyada shirkadaha kala duwan ee Shiinaha. Sidaa darteed, maalgelinta maalgelinta ma aha shirkad gaar ah, laakiin dhammaan suuqyada saamiyada ee Shiinaha. ΕTF waxaa laga iibsan karaa Sarrifka Moosko. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah, AKCH, hawlwadeenka OOO MC Alfa-Capital iyo FXCN, hawlwadeenka FinEx Funds plc.
Faa’iidooyinka iyo halista maalgashiga chips buluug ee suuqa Shiinaha
Tobannaankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, Shiinuhu wuxuu ku horumaray xoojinta cajiibka ah, maantana waxaa si sax ah loo tixgeliyaa dhaqaalaha labaad (ka dib Mareykanka) dhaqaalaha adduunka. Laakiin isla mar ahaantaana, ma jiraan wax heshiis ah oo ka dhexeeya maalgashadayaasha oo ku saabsan xasilloonida dhaqaalaheeda. Taasna waxaa sabab u ah nidaamka siyaasadeed ee dalka ka jira. Intaa waxaa dheer, Maraykanku wuxuu ka soo horjeedaa balaadhinta aadka u firfircoon ee dibadda ee shirkadaha Shiinaha. Sidaa darteed, saadaasha 2022, ra’yiga ah in kobaca dhaqaalaha Shiinaha uu hoos u dhigi doono si aad ah ayaa aad iyo aad u badan. Tani ma saameyn karto qiimaha iyo faa’iidada chips buluug ee Shiinaha. Waxayna si dabiici ah u kordhisaa khataraha maalgelinta muddada dheer.
Intee in le’eg ayaad u baahan tahay inaad ku maalgeliso Chips Blue Chips?
Xaaladdan oo kale oo mugdi ah, marka la iibsanayo saamiyada shirkadaha Shiinaha, dhexdhexaadinta waa in la ilaaliyaa. Ma jiro wax hubaal ah in berrito dhalaalaya ay sugayaan dhammaan shirkadaha dalkan. Laakiin waa in aan la iska indha tirin xaqiiqda ah in dhaqaalaha Shiinaha uu ka fogaaday awoodiisa oo uu leeyahay dhammaan shuruudaha koritaanka degdegga ah ee sii socda. Sidaa darteed, xalka ugu fiican wuxuu noqon lahaa in lagu maalgeliyo Chine Chine chips 6-12% ee faylalka maalgashigaaga. Tani waxay kuu ogolaaneysaa inaad yareyso khatartaada isla markaana aad kasbato maalgashiga.
Faa’iidooyinka maalgashiga Shiinaha ee chips buluugga ah
Faa’iidooyinka aan shaki ku jirin ee maalgashiga Shiinaha waxaa ka mid ah:
- heerka kobaca GDP sare (celcelis ahaan in ka badan 8% sanadkii) dhowr sano;
- qayb sare oo wax soo saarka teknoolojiyadda sare ee dhaqaalaha dalka;
- tartanka sare ee alaabta Shiinaha ee suuqa dibadda;
- qiimaha hoose ee shaqada iyo joogitaanka tiro aad u badan oo dad karti leh;
- xakamaynta adag ee mas’uuliyiinta, taas oo si weyn u yaraynaysa suurtagalnimada wax-is-daba-marinta iyo khiyaanada maalgashadayaasha.
Qasaarooyinka maalgashiga
Laakiin oo ay weheliso faa’iidooyinka, maalgashiga Shiinaha ayaa sidoo kale leh tiro khasaare ah:
- hubanti la’aanta uu abuuray nidaamka siyaasadeed;
- Suurtagalnimada “dagaal ganacsi” oo ka yimaada Maraykanka iyo EU;
- khatarta ah in cunaqabatayn lagu soo rogo;
- sax ahayn xogta la bixiyay.
Macno ma leedahay in la iibsado Shiinaha “chips blue”
Shaki la’aan, waxaa habboon in la iibsado saamiyada shirkadaha Shiinaha. Qaar ka mid ah saamiyada saamiyada, shirkadaha Shiinaha ee ugu xiisaha badan, waa inay joogaan faylalka maalgashiga sida hantida kobaca suurtagalka ah. Laakiin isticmaalka kaydka buluuga-chip-ka ee Shiinaha si loo abuuro dakhli dadban waa wax qiimo leh.
