A yau, kasar Sin tana daya daga cikin kasashe mafi girma da kuma saurin bunkasar tattalin arziki a duniya. Akwai manyan kamfanoni da yawa a kasar Sin, kuma waɗannan ba manyan ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masana kaɗai ba ne kaɗai. Jimillar jarin manyan kamfanonin kasar Sin 170 a yau ya zarce dala tiriliyan 7.5. Saboda haka, sayen hannun jarin su babu shakka yana da sha’awa don
rarrabuwar ka’idojin zuba jari .
- Raba tsarin kasuwar hannun jarin kasar Sin
- Na farko echelon
- Chin shudi guntu
- Na biyu echelon
- mataki na uku
- Jerin hannun jarin shudi na kasuwar hada-hadar hannayen jari ta kasar Sin
- Kamfanonin Sinanci masu launin shuɗi da dama
- Yadda ake siyan blue chips na kasar Sin
- a kan musayar hannayen jari na Rasha
- Ta hanyar dillalan kasashen waje
- Ta hanyar zuba jari kai tsaye a kasar Sin
- Ta hanyar saka hannun jari na gama gari a cikin amintattun kasar Sin
- Fa’idodi da kasadar saka hannun jari a cikin guntun shuɗi a cikin kasuwar Sinawa
- Nawa Ya Kamata Ku Zuba Jari a Chips Blue Chips?
- Fa’idodin saka hannun jari a cikin blue chips na kasar Sin
- Fursunoni na zuba jari
- Shin yana da ma’ana don siyan “blue chips” na kasar Sin
Raba tsarin kasuwar hannun jarin kasar Sin
Hannun jari na kasar Sin, kamar sauran, kasuwannin hannayen jari sun kasu kashi uku.
Na farko echelon
Matakin farko ya haɗa da hannun jari tare da mafi girman matakin ruwa. Kamfanonin da suka ba da hannun jari suna da tsayin daka, a zahiri ba sa damuwa ga ƙananan canje-canje a kasuwa. Suna da girma sosai, kusan 90%, rabon ruwa-free da kunkuntar yaduwa. Wannan shi ne guntun shuɗi na kasar Sin.
Free-float – yawan adadin hannun jari da aka yi ciniki cikin yardar kaina a kasuwa zuwa jimillar adadin hannun jari na kamfani.
Yadawa alama ce ta bambanci tsakanin farashin siye da siyar da hannun jari a lokaci guda.
Bisa ga Hang Seng Index (HSI) (Index na Hannun Hannu na Hong Kong). Jerin guntu masu launin shuɗi a China sun haɗa da ƙwararrun masana kamar Geely Automobile, rukunin Nishaɗi na Galaxy, Lenovo da sauransu.
Chin shudi guntu
Koyaya, babban ma’anar guntu guntu na kasar Sin shine ma’aunin SSE 50. Ya hada da kamfanoni 50 da suka fi girma a kasar Sin, tare da mafi girman matakin jari, kuma hannayen jarin su na nuna kyakkyawan aiki ta fuskar dogaro da kudi. Wannan jeri ya haɗa da kamfanonin banki, masana’antu da na kasuwanci da suka shahara a kasuwannin duniya, waɗanda suka haɗa da, kamar – Bank of China, Orient Securities; Bankin Beijing; PetroChina (kamfanin farko a duniya da ya kai matakin jari na dala tiriliyan 1); Hukumar makamashin nukiliya ta kasar Sin da sauransu.
Na biyu echelon
Waɗannan su ne hannun jari na fairly manyan kamfanoni da cewa suna da, ko da yake kasa da na farko echelon, amma a fairly high mataki na liquidity. Hannun jari na biyu matsakaita ne cikin sharuddan kima na kisa, yawan tallace-tallace, kasada da dawowa. Yaduwar irin wannan hannun jari ya fi fadi fiye da na guntun shuɗi.
mataki na uku
Hannun jari na kamfanoni na uku suna da ƙarancin ƙarancin kuɗi, suna da mafi ƙarancin farashi da rabon ruwa kyauta. Girman ciniki na waɗannan hannun jari kadan ne. Suna ɗaukar haɗari mai girma da kuma yaduwa sosai. Hannun jarin China guda uku:
Jerin hannun jarin shudi na kasuwar hada-hadar hannayen jari ta kasar Sin
A cikin Satumba 2021, China ta buga jerin manyan kamfanoni 500 a cikin jihar. Bisa jerin sunayen da kungiyar Daraktocin Kamfanoni na kasar Sin da kungiyar hada-hadar kasuwanci ta kasar Sin suka buga tare. Jimlar kuɗin shiga na waɗannan kamfanoni ya kai tiriliyan 89.83 JPY (dala tiriliyan 13.9). kuma ya nuna karuwar riba da kashi 4.43%, idan aka kwatanta da na shekarar da ta gabata. Ribar da waɗannan kamfanoni suka samu a cikin 2020 ya kai rikodin JPY tiriliyan 4.07 (ƙara da 4.59%). Matsayin samun kudin shiga na aiki da ake buƙata don haɗawa a cikin jerin kuma ya tashi, ya kai biliyan 39.24 JPY, wanda shine biliyan 3.28 JPY fiye da na baya lokacin. Kamfanonin da kudaden shiga ya karu da fiye da JPY biliyan 100 sun zarce 200 (a zahiri kamfanoni 222) kuma 8 daga cikinsu sun wuce matakin JPY 1 tiriliyan.
| Matsayi a cikin kasuwar kasar Sin | Sunan kamfani | Watsewa | Haɓaka a cikin miliyoyin $ | Wuri bisa ga FORTUNE GLOBAL 500 |
| daya | Grid na Jiha | Beijing | 386618 | 2 |
| 2 | Man Fetur na kasar Sin | Beijing | 283958 | hudu |
| 3 | Kamfanin Sinopec | Beijing | 283728 | 5 |
| hudu | Injiniyan Gine-gine na Jihar China | Beijing | 234425 | 13 |
| 5 | Ping An Insurance | Shenzhen | 191509 | 16 |
| 6 | Bankin Masana’antu & Kasuwanci na China | Beijing | 182794 | ashirin |
| 7 | China Construction Bank | Beijing | 172000 | 25 |
| takwas | Bankin noma na kasar Sin | Beijing | 153885 | 29 |
Kamfanonin Sinanci masu launin shuɗi da dama
Wadannan kamfanoni sune mafi yawan alƙawarin zuba jari, da kuma yin aiki tare da hannun jari a kasuwannin hannayen jari. Suna da babban matakin jari, kuma suna kawo babban kudin shiga akai-akai. Hannun jarinsu yana da kyau don saka hannun jari na dogon lokaci. Don haka alal misali:
State Grid kamfani ne na kasar Sin, kamfani mafi girma a duniya wanda ke gina tashoshin makamashin nukiliya a kasashe da dama na duniya tare da rarraba wutar lantarki a duk fadin PRC. Bugu da kari, ta hanyar rassansa, tana ba da gudummawa sosai wajen haɓaka hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki da gina sabbin wurare a ƙasashen waje (Brazil, Philippines, da sauransu)
Man Fetur na kasar Sin– Kamfanin mai da iskar gas mafi girma a kasar Sin, wanda gaba daya mallakin gwamnati ne kuma ya mamaye matsayin da ya mamaye kasuwar cikin gida. Ya haɗa da wasu rassa (PetroChina, Kunlun Energy, da dai sauransu). Ya zuwa shekarar 2019, jimillar kadarorinsa sun kai JPY tiriliyan 2.732, kuma adadin ma’aikatan ya kai kusan mutane dubu 500. Farashin hannun jari na Man Fetur na kasar Sin a yau shine:
Yadda ake siyan blue chips na kasar Sin
Kwanciyar hankali da ribar da ake samu a cikin manyan tsare-tsare na blue-chip na kasar Sin ya sa su zama masu sa hannun jari masu jan hankali. Kuna iya siyan waɗannan takaddun.
a kan musayar hannayen jari na Rasha
Wasu matsayi na Securities na kasar Sin suna da isa sosai a kasuwar hannayen jari ta Rasha. Waɗannan ba hannun jari ba ne kawai, har ma da
rasidun ajiya (ADRs). Suna yawo cikin ‘yanci a kasuwar Kasuwancin St. Petersburg kuma ana kawo su a dalar Amurka. A kan musayar hannun jari na St. Petersburg za ku iya saya:
- Alibaba Group Holding Limited (BABA);
- Kamfanin Aluminum na China Li (ACH);
- Baidu Inc. girma (BIDU);
- China Eastern Airlines Corporati (CEA);
- Kamfanin Inshorar Rayuwa ta China Lim. (LFC);
- Kamfanin Jiragen Sama na Kudancin China (ZNH);
- Hello Group Inc. girma (MOMO);
- Abubuwan da aka bayar na Huaneng Power International Inc. (HNP);
- Huazhu Group Limited (HTHT);
- com, Inc. (JD);
- JOYY Inc. girma (YY);
- NetEase Inc. girma (NTES);
- Kamfanin PetroChina Limited (PTR);
- Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical (SHI);
- com Limited (SOHU);
- Kungiyar Ilimi ta TAL (TAL);
- Vipshop Holdings Limited (VIPS);
- Kamfanin Weibo (WB);
- China Mobile (Hong Kong) Ltd. girma (CHL);
- Kudin hannun jari China Telecom Corporation Limited (CHA)
Wasu kuma, a yau kusan matsayi 30 ne. A kan musayar Moscow, ana yin zance a cikin rubles kuma an gabatar da shi a cikin manyan zaɓuɓɓuka masu zuwa:
- Alibaba Group Holding Limited (BABA-RM) tashar girma
- Baidu Inc. girma (BIDU-RM)
- PetroChina Company Limited (PTR-RM) tashar girma
- com, Inc. (JD-RM)
- Li Auto Inc. girma (LI-RM)
- NIO Inc. girma (NIO-RM)
- Kungiyar Ilimi ta TAL (TAL-RM)
- Vipshop Holdings Limited (VIPS-RM) tashar girma
Koyaya, adadin zaɓuɓɓuka yana ci gaba da ƙaruwa akai-akai. Ga mafi yawan ‘yan kasuwa waɗanda ke farawa a cikin kasuwar jari, wannan yana iya isa. Ba shi da wahala a fara aiki tare da su, yana da isa sosai don buɗe
asusun saka hannun jari ɗaya (asusun musayar). Ganin cewa an jera hannun jarin a kan kasuwar hada-hadar hannayen jari ta Rasha, suna ƙarƙashin duk jerin fa’idodin haraji waɗanda suka shafi sayan hannun jari na kamfanonin cikin gida.
Ta hanyar dillalan kasashen waje
Masu saka hannun jari waɗanda ke son yin aiki tare da nau’ikan nau’ikan shuɗi na Sinanci fiye da kasuwar cikin gida za su iya buɗe asusu tare da dillalan ketare. Mafi girman adadin hannun jari na “chips blue” na kasar Sin a cikin 2021 an sayar da su akan musayar Amurka (Kasuwar Hannun Jari ta New York, NASDAQ, da sauransu). Domin fara cinikin hannun jarin kasar Sin akan wadannan mu’amala, ya kamata ku tuntubi dillalan da suka dace, kamar:
- Charles Schwab,
- E* Ciniki,
- Dillalai masu hulɗa,
- TD Ameritrade, da sauransu.
Ta hanyar zuba jari kai tsaye a kasar Sin
Zuba jari kai tsaye a kasar Sin zai zama mafi riba kuma mai amfani, wannan zai ba ka damar amfani da mafi karancin hukumar, amma adadin da za a zuba zai zama mai yawa, kuma da wuya wannan ya dace da novice masu saka hannun jari.
Ta hanyar saka hannun jari na gama gari a cikin amintattun kasar Sin
Wata hanyar samun fallasa hannun jarin China shine ta hanyar siyan ΕTF. Ta hanyar saka hannun jari a cikin ΕTF, mai saka hannun jari ba ya siyan hannun jari guda ɗaya, amma nan da nan ya sayi katangar hannun jari a wasu kamfanoni na kasar Sin. Don haka, saka hannun jari ba a cikin takamaiman kamfani ba, amma a duk kasuwannin hannayen jari na kasar Sin. Ana iya siyan ΕTF akan musayar Mosko. Waɗannan sun haɗa da, AKCH, ma’aikacin OOO MC Alfa-Capital da FXCN, ma’aikacin FinEx Funds plc.
Fa’idodi da kasadar saka hannun jari a cikin guntun shuɗi a cikin kasuwar Sinawa
A cikin ‘yan shekarun nan, kasar Sin ta samu ci gaba da karfi mai ban mamaki, kuma a yau ana daukarta a matsayin kasa ta biyu (bayan Amurka) tattalin arzikin duniya. Amma a sa’i daya kuma, babu wata matsaya tsakanin masu zuba jari game da daidaiton tattalin arzikinta. Hakan ya faru ne saboda tsarin siyasar da ake yi a kasar. Bugu da kari, Amurka na adawa da fadada harkokin waje na kamfanonin kasar Sin fiye da kima. Don haka, a hasashen da aka yi a shekarar 2022, ra’ayin cewa, bunkasuwar tattalin arzikin kasar Sin za ta ragu matuka da yawa. Wannan ba zai iya shafar ƙima da ribar guntun shuɗi na kasar Sin ba. Kuma a zahiri yana ƙara haɗarin saka hannun jari na dogon lokaci.
Nawa Ya Kamata Ku Zuba Jari a Chips Blue Chips?
A cikin irin wannan yanayi mai cike da rudani, yayin da ake sayen hannun jari na kamfanonin kasar Sin, dole ne a kiyaye daidaito. Babu tabbas cewa gobe mai haske na jiran dukkan kamfanoni a wannan ƙasa. Amma bai kamata a yi watsi da gaskiyar cewa, tattalin arzikin kasar Sin ya yi nisa da gajiyar karfinsa ba, kuma yana da dukkan sharuddan ci gaba cikin sauri. Sabili da haka, mafi kyawun mafita shine saka hannun jari a cikin guntun shuɗi na China 6-12% na jakar hannun jarin ku. Wannan yana ba ku damar rage haɗarin ku kuma a lokaci guda ku sami kan saka hannun jari.
Fa’idodin saka hannun jari a cikin blue chips na kasar Sin
Babu shakka fa’idodin saka hannun jari a cikin amintattun Sinawa sun haɗa da:
- babban ci gaban GDP (a matsakaita fiye da 8% a kowace shekara) na yawan shekaru;
- babban kaso na samar da fasahar zamani a cikin tattalin arzikin kasar;
- babban gasa na kayayyakin kasar Sin a kasuwannin waje;
- ƙananan farashin aiki da kasancewar ɗimbin adadin masu iya aiki;
- tsauraran matakan da hukumomi ke dauka, wanda ke rage yiwuwar magudi da yaudarar masu zuba jari.
Fursunoni na zuba jari
Amma tare da fa’idodi, saka hannun jari a kasar Sin shima yana da illoli da dama:
- rashin tabbas da tsarin siyasa ya haifar;
- yuwuwar “yakin ciniki” daga Amurka da EU;
- hadarin sanya takunkumi;
- rashin daidaiton bayanan da aka bayar.
Shin yana da ma’ana don siyan “blue chips” na kasar Sin
Babu shakka, yana da kyau a sayi hannun jarin kamfanonin kasar Sin. Wasu kaso na hannun jari, kamfanoni masu ban sha’awa na kasar Sin, ya kamata su kasance a cikin kundin zuba jari a matsayin kadari na yuwuwar haɓaka. Amma yin amfani da hannun jari na blue-chip na kasar Sin don samar da kudin shiga ba shi da amfani.
