Blue kwakwalwan kwamfuta na kasuwar hannun jari na Rasha – inda za a saka hannun jari a cikin 2024

Blue chips na kasuwar hannun jari na Rasha kamar na 2022.
blue guntusanya sunayen hannun jarin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a kasar. Ana kuma kiran su hannun jari na matakin farko. Dangane da kididdigar, lokacin da ake saka hannun jari a cikinsu, akwai ƙarancin haɗarin rasa hannun jari. Abu daya ne don mallakar hannun jari na Sberbank, kuma wani abu ne don wanda ba a sani ba Bari mu tafi, wanda za’a iya ɗaukar lasisin kowane lokaci. Chips blue na Rasha sune jagorori a cikin masana’antar, kuma yawancinsu suna ƙarƙashin ikon gwamnati a Rasha. Jihar ita ce babban mai hannun jari na Gazprom – fiye da 50% na hannun jari. Raba-rabo wani muhimmin layi ne na kasafin kudin, don haka masu zuba jari ba su da shakka cewa idan matsaloli suka taso, jihar za ta ba da tallafin kudi. Yawancin blue chips kamfanoni ne masu mahimmanci a cikin ƙasar. Gazprom shine keɓaɓɓiyar fitar da iskar gas. Polyus shine jagora a aikin hakar gwal. Bayyanar dan takara mai cancanta ba shi yiwuwa – don shiga wannan kasuwa kuna buƙatar babban jari.

Kalmar “blue chips” ta fito ne daga poker kuma yana da sabani. Babu wasu takamaiman ma’auni da aka sanya kamfani a matsayin kamfanin guntu mai shuɗi a Rasha. Amma ana iya gano ainihin ma’auni.

Dole ne a san kamfanin sosai a cikin ƙasa, yana da ci gaban riba mai ƙarfi na shekaru da yawa. Dole ne a sanya hannun jari sosai. Dole ne kamfani ya kasance da tsarin kasuwanci mai dorewa, kuma dole ne jihar ta kasance mai sha’awar ci gaban masana’antar.

Amfanin hannun jari na matakin farko

Menene fa’idodin kwakwalwan shuɗi na Rasha

Ruwa

Mafi girma yawan adadin rabon, sauƙin shine sayar da kadarorin da ke akwai na babban girma. Har ila yau, ya dogara da yawan kuɗi yadda za a yi ciniki a kusa da farashin kasuwa. Chips blue na Rasha suna da mafi kyawun kuɗi – daruruwan ‘yan kasuwa suna siyar da su kowace rana. Don haka yawan kuɗin yau da kullun na Sberbank ko Gazprom shine dubun biliyoyin rubles.

Abin dogaro

Mai saka hannun jari wanda ke da hannun jari na matakin farko (Rasha blue chips) na iya kasancewa da tabbaci a cikin jarinsa. Waɗannan kamfanoni suna da tsayayyen kasuwanci, ƙimar ƙima mafi girma, ƙarancin aiki da ƙarin albarkatu. Abin da ya sa ake ba da shawarar saka hannun jari a cikin waɗannan hannun jari ga masu farawa.

Rarraba

Yawancin kamfanonin guntu mai launin shuɗi a Rasha suna biyan riba. Waɗannan kamfanoni ne masu dorewa waɗanda za su iya raba ɓangaren ribar tare da masu hannun jari. Kaso mai yawa na kasafin kudin wasu yankuna shine rabo. Kamfanonin mallakar gwamnati a Rasha dole ne su biya aƙalla rabin ribar da suke samu ta hanyar ragi. [taken magana id = “abin da aka makala_12310” align = “aligncenter” nisa = “492”]
Tsarin guntun shuɗi [/ taken magana] Sauran hannun jari tare da ƙaramin ƙaramar ciniki da aiki mara ƙarfi ana kiransa “Mataki na Biyu”, “Tier na Uku”, da sauransu. Mafi girman tsari na echelon, ƙarancin ruwa da hannun jari. Don haka, mai saka hannun jari ba ya fuskantar matsaloli wajen siyar da hannun jari a Rosneft akan miliyoyin rubles. Ma’amalar za ta gudana cikin ‘yan mintuna kaɗan. A cikin hannun jari na echelon na uku, matsaloli tare da siyar da hannun jari (babu masu siye kawai) sun riga sun fara a adadin 100-200 dubu rubles. Hannun jari na biyu na iya nuna babban
canji na 20% kowace rana ko fiye. Blue chips suna da ƙananan juzu’i.
Manyan masu saka hannun jari na ƙasashen waje da farko sun zaɓi kamfanoni mafi girma kuma mafi aminci kuma kada ku sayar da su ba tare da kyawawan dalilai ba. Manyan masu saka hannun jari na kasashen waje sune kudaden fensho, kudaden shinge, samfuran haɗari waɗanda ba sa ba da izinin saka hannun jari a hannun jari tare da ƙarancin ƙima. Yawan zuba jarin kasashen waje don haka da farko yana zuwa ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu na Rasha. Kudaden fansho da shinge ba za su iya siyan hannun jari na biyu da na uku ba saboda rashin isasshen ruwa da/ko ƙarancin kiredit. Canje-canje a cikin ƙididdiga na hannun jari na matakin na 2 ba koyaushe ba ne na asali. Ainihin, tashin ko faɗuwar hasashe ne, kuma mai saka jari ba zai iya tabbatar da cewa idan haja ta tashi da 20-30% a yau, zai faɗi da kashi 50-80% gobe ba tare da dalili ba. Ci gaban zance yana da dogon lokaci kuma yana goyan bayan mahimman dalilai. Ya kamata a yi la’akari da waɗannan hannun jari don zuba jari na dogon lokaci. TOP-5 raba hannun jari na Musanya Moscow a cikin Janairu 2022 – inda za a saka hannun jari: https://youtu.be/L73j_Xa_lhA

Jerin guntu masu shuɗi a cikin kasuwar hannun jarin Rasha don 2022

Ta hanyar canza ƙididdiga na manyan kamfanoni a cikin ƙasa, sun zana ƙarshe game da yanayin tattalin arziki gaba ɗaya.
Canjin Mosko yana ƙididdige ma’anar
MOEXBC blue guntu . Ana buga jerin guntun shuɗi na yanzu akan gidan yanar gizon hukuma na Moscow Exchange. Ƙididdigar MOEXBC ba ta samuwa don ciniki, alama ce ta kasuwa.
A Rasha, kamfanoni 15 sun kasance na farko. A cikin waɗannan kamfanoni ne cewa ƙwararrun yan kasuwa da waɗanda ke fara fahimtar saka hannun jari yakamata su fara saka hannun jari. Tare da hannun jari na manyan kamfanoni, mai saka jari yana da hakkin ya sami karamin rabo daga ribar, kuma yayin gyara a kasuwa yana da kyau har yanzu samun kudin shiga. Kamfanoni da yawa suna biyan riba mai ƙarfi na tsawon shekaru masu yawa, ba tare da la’akari da yanayin kasuwa ba. Yi la’akari da blue chips na Rasha dalla-dalla:

1. Polyus Gold shine jagoran masana’antar hakar gwal a Rasha. Sama da shekaru 10, hannun jari ya tashi a farashi da 1307%, tare da matsakaicin rabon rabon shekara-shekara na 4.66%.
2. Rukunin TCS rukuni ne na kamfanoni na kuɗi, babban kadari shine Bankin Tinkoff. Bugu da ƙari, Inshorar Tinkoff da Tinkoff Zuba Jari an haɗa su . Girma sama da shekaru 3 566%, matsakaicin rabon rabon shekara-shekara yana samar da 0.91%.
3. Yandex shine ci gaban injin bincike, ƙari, Yandex yana ba da sabis na taksi, isar da abinci, tsarin biyan kuɗi na lantarki, da dai sauransu. Ci gaban shekaru 10 shine 416%, kamfanin ba ya biyan kuɗi, yana son saka hannun jari a cikin ci gaba.
4. Novatek shine jagoran samar da iskar gas a Rasha. Girma a kan shekaru 10 375%, matsakaicin rabon shekara-shekara yana samar da 2.4%
5. MMC Norilsk nickel shine mafi girman ma’adinan da ba na ƙarfe ba, palladium da nickel. Girma sama da shekaru 10 324%, matsakaicin rabon rabon shekara-shekara yana samar da 9.09%.
6. Sberbank – babban bankin Rasha, yana da reshe a kusan kowane birni na kasar. Babban toshe hannun jari na jihar ne. Girma a kan shekaru 10 365%, matsakaicin rabon shekara-shekara yana samar da 6.43%
7. Lukoil shi ne kamfani mafi girma da ke hako mai a Rasha. An tsunduma cikin hakar da sarrafa man fetur da iskar gas. Girma a kan shekaru 10 332%, matsakaicin rabon rabon da aka samu 6.3%.
8. Polymetal shine mafi girman ma’adinan karafa masu daraja a Rasha. Girma a kan shekaru 10 319%, matsakaicin rabon rabon da aka samu 4.29%.
9. Tatneft shine kamfani mafi girma da ke samar da mai. Girma a kan shekaru 10 262%, matsakaicin rabon rabon da aka samu 8.04%.
10. NLMK shine babban kamfani na karafa na Rasha. Girma a kan shekaru 10 250%, matsakaicin rabon rabon da aka samu 10.9%.
11. Rosneft shine babban kamfanin mai a Tarayyar Rasha. Girma a kan shekaru 10 199%, matsakaicin rabon rabon da aka samu 3.55%.
12. Magnit shine mafi girman sarkar kayan abinci, kayan kwalliya da shagunan kayan gida. Girma a kan shekaru 10 125%, matsakaicin rabon rabon da aka samu 5.5%.
13. Gazprom ne ke kan gaba wajen fitar da iskar gas. Babban toshe hannun jari na jihar ne. Girma a kan shekaru 10 114%, matsakaicin rabon rabon da aka samu 6.66%.
14. MTS shine mafi girman sadarwar wayar hannu. Girma a kan shekaru 10 73.4%, matsakaicin rabon rabon da aka samu 11%.
15. Surgutneftegaz wani kamfani ne na hadin gwiwa wanda ya hada masana’antun da ke hako mai a kasar Rasha. Girma a kan shekaru 10 47.1%, matsakaicin rabon rabon da aka samu 1.89%.

Blue chips na kasuwar hannun jari na Rasha – inda za a saka hannun jari: https://youtu.be/emCE4DldKW8

Zuba jari a cikin kwakwalwan shuɗi na kamfanonin Rasha

Riba daga saka hannun jari a cikin kwakwalwan shuɗi na Rasha yana da kaso na shekara-shekara, kuma wasu kamfanoni suna biyan riba sau da yawa – sau ɗaya a cikin kwata kuma ya danganta da haɓakar ƙimar kasuwa. Yawan girma na ƙididdiga shine tsari mai tsawo, yana iya ɗaukar shekaru. Amma tsayayyen rarraba yana samar da tsabar kuɗi koda lokacin da ƙididdiga ta faɗi. Kamfanoni ba za su biya riba ba ne kawai idan an fuskanci mummunan rikicin da ya addabi kasar baki daya.

Sakamakon rikice-rikicen coronavirus, kamfanoni da yawa sun ba da sanarwar rage rabon kuɗi kuma wasu an tilasta musu ba su biya rarar kuɗi a cikin 2020.

Siyan hannun jari na blue-chip shine mafi riba yayin tallace-tallacen firgita. Bayan yanayin tattalin arziki ya inganta, kwakwalwan kwamfuta blue suna girma da sauri fiye da hannun jari na biyu. Kuma raguwar ƙididdiga ba ta da mahimmanci. Adadin rabon kuɗi ƙayyadadden ƙima ne da kwamitin masu hannun jari ya amince da shi. Ya dogara da ribar kamfani, ba akan farashin hannun jari ba. Lokacin da ƙididdiga ta faɗi, yawan rabon rabon yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke rage raguwar raguwa. A kan sake dawowa, mai saka jari zai iya samun 20-30% na fayil ɗin a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci ko barin hannun jari da aka saya a cikin sa ran ci gaba. Dangane da babban birnin mai saka hannun jari, akwai dabaru da yawa don saka hannun jari a cikin kwakwalwan shuɗi na Rasha:

1. Yana yiwuwa a sayi ETF , kamar DIVD ETF, wanda ya haɗa da mafi kwanciyar hankali, kamfanoni masu biyan kuɗi. Wannan hanya ta dace da masu zuba jari da ƙananan jari, kasa da 50 dubu rubles. [taken magana id = “abin da aka makala_12042” align = “aligncenter” nisa = “800”] MICEX ETF[/taken magana]
2. Haɗa babban fayil na kwakwalwan shuɗi da kanku . A wannan yanayin, wajibi ne a saya 15 hannun jari a daidai rabo. Dangane da ƙimar mafi tsada rabon MMC Norilsk nickel, mafi ƙarancin adadin hannun jari shine 350,000 rubles. Idan ba ku haɗa da Norilsk Nickel ba kuma ku sayi kawai sauran 14 hannun jari, an rage mafi ƙarancin adadin zuwa 85 dubu rubles. Kuna iya siyan fayil ɗin gabaɗaya a lokaci guda ko siyan ƙarin hannun jari daga lissafin daidai da sau ɗaya a wata ko sau ɗaya a cikin kwata.
3. Mai saka hannun jari bazai sayi babban fayil na hannun jari ba, amma saka hannun jari a takamaiman haja ko hannun jari da yawa . Don haka wasu mutanen da suka yi aiki a kamfanin Tatneft kuma suka ga kasuwancin daga ciki sun sayi hannun jari kowane wata na shekaru da yawa.

[taken magana id = “abin da aka makala_12314” align = “aligncenter” nisa = “771”]
TATN[/taken magana] Siyar da hannun jari ya sami ƙaruwa sosai a cikin fansho. Wannan tsarin ya fi haɗari – idan kamfani bai cika tsammanin ba kuma ya bar kasuwa, za ku iya rasa hannun jari. Misali, wannan ya faru da masu hannun jarin Yukos. Tare da nau’in fayil daban-daban, asarar ba ta da mahimmanci ga babban jari kuma ana iya rufe shi da wasu matsayi masu riba. Lokacin zuba jari a cikin hannun jari 1-2, mai saka jari ya rasa komai. Amma riba ta fi girma idan hasashen ya yi daidai.