Nigute umushoramari mushya ashobora gutegura akazi hamwe nigihe kizaza?

Ubucuruzi bw’ejo hazaza nuburyo bushimishije kandi bukora bwo kubona igishoro kiriho kuruta gushora imari, amafaranga, umutungo utimukanwa, nibindi. Igikoresho kiratangaje kuko gitanga amahitamo menshi yingamba. Nubwoko bwihariye bwubucuruzi, ejo hazaza harakunzwe kumasoko yimari. Bazana inyungu zikomeye hamwe nubuhanga.

Nigute isoko ryigihe kizaza ikora?

Ubucuruzi bw’ejo hazaza burimo guhanura imbaraga z’isoko kugirango ugure / kugurisha umutungo ku giciro cyiza. Ikiranga igikoresho cyimari ni:

1. Igihagararo. Kazoza ni ubwoko bwamasezerano yasinywe ku isoko ryimigabane, aho, hamwe nibisabwa byose, igiciro nigihe cyo kugemura ibicuruzwa byemejwe mbere. Mumagambo yoroshye, umuguzi yiyemeje kugura umutungo ugizwe nigiciro cyagenwe nyuma yigihe runaka. Byongeye, umushoramari afite amahirwe. Niba igiciro cyibicuruzwa kizamutse mugihe cyagenwe, azabona inyungu. Niba iguye, izaba igihombo. Mu bihe byiza, nta n’umwe mu bagize amasezerano uzagira inyungu kandi nta gihombo afite (buri wese aguma “hamwe n’uwawe”).
2. Gukora ku gahato amasezerano . Kugura no kugurisha umutungo nyuma yamasezerano arangiye ni inshingano, ntabwo ari uburenganzira, bwababuranyi. Ivunjisha rikora nk’ingwate yo kuzuza ibisabwa. Mbere yo gusoza ibikorwa, amafaranga yubwishingizi (garanti) yakusanyijwe mubitabiriye amahugurwa. Mubisanzwe ni 5% byamafaranga yamasezerano. Byongeye kandi, hari ibihano.
3. Ibintu bitandukanye. Nta buryo bwihariye bwo guhitamo ikintu cyibikorwa. Birashoboka kugura / kugurisha byemewe, igiciro cyinyungu, amafaranga, indice, nibindi.

Inzobere mu by’imari zishyira mu bucuruzi bw’ejo hazaza nk’ibitekerezo. Ishoramari nyaryo ririmo gushora amafaranga mugugura ikintu runaka. Amasezerano yigihe kizaza agereranijwe na beto, nukuvuga abitabiriye amahugurwa basabwa gutega niba igiciro cyikintu kizagabanuka cyangwa kizamuka.

Inyungu zo gucuruza ejo hazaza

Igikoresho cyimari gikoreshwa cyane nabashaka kubona amafaranga yinyongera byoroshye kandi vuba. Bamwe mu bashoramari bemeza ko ibyiza byayo biruta ibibi. Impande nziza:

1. Hariho imitungo myinshi itandukanye igera kumasoko yibicuruzwa. Gutandukanya Portfolio biroroshye.
2. Kugurisha imyanya migufi ntibigira umupaka. Igurisha ry’umutungo umugurisha adafite ryitwa “mugufi” – kugurisha mugufi. Niba ugereranije nububiko, noneho mugihe cyagenwe cyo kugurisha ibicuruzwa, birashoboka kugura / kugurisha ejo hazaza inshuro nyinshi.
3. Urwego rwo hejuru rwamazi. Kazoza nigikoresho gikomoka ku isoko. Irangizwa ryamasezerano riba mugihe gito. Amahirwe yo kuzamuka kw’ibiciro ariyongera, ni ukuvuga ko amahirwe yo kwakira amafaranga ari menshi kuruta gushora igihe kirekire.
4. Ifishi isanzwe. Abitabiriye ubucuruzi ntibakeneye kuganira ku masezerano yihariye. Ibisabwa byose bimaze gutangwa.
5. Urwinjiriro rwinjira ni ruto. Kwishura kubwumvikane ntibigomba gukorwa ako kanya. Birahagije kuzana ubwishingizi. Imipaka igera kuri 15% yumubare wuzuye wubucuruzi. Amafaranga asigaye yiteguye kwishyurwa amasezerano arangiye. Byongeye kandi, kubera ubwinshi bwikintu cyamasezerano, nta mpamvu yo kwishyura umunyabigega kubika ububiko. Amasezerano yigihe kizaza ni ukugaragaza umwanya murwego rwikigega.
6. Birashoboka gukomeza ubucuruzi nyuma yo kurangiza igice cyingenzi. Kugirango ukore ibi, hari igice cyihutirwa cyagura inzira kumasaha make.

Ingaruka z’ubu bwoko bw’ishoramari ni ukubura imbaraga, ni ukuvuga ko udashobora gusaba umunyabigega inguzanyo y’amafaranga cyangwa ikintu cy’ishoramari ubwacyo. Impamvu nukubura gukenera kugira amafaranga yose kuri konte icyarimwe mugitangira cyubucuruzi. Kandi ephemeralite yikintu ntabwo iguha uburenganzira bwo kwishyura ikintu kitabaho. Urundi ruhande rubi nuko umucuruzi, mugihe asaba kugura ikintu, atazi uzaba uwitabira kabiri. Ibi byongera urwego rwibyago.

Hamwe nubwinshi bwibyiza, igikoresho ntabwo gisabwa gukoreshwa nabatangiye. Ubucuruzi bw’ejo hazaza buhinduka kazino idafite ubumenyi n’uburambe bihagije ku isoko ryimari. Abitangira babona ko byoroshye “gukeka” imbaraga zo guhindagurika kw’ibiciro.

Koresha

Gutanga ibisabwa bidasanzwe kugirango hishyurwe amasezerano yigihe kizaza ntabwo yemerera gukoresha serivisi zitanga inguzanyo. Kubwibyo, ntibishoboka kuvuga kubijyanye no kuboneka kwingirakamaro kuri ubu bwoko bwishoramari. Imbaraga zasimbuwe n’ingwate. Umushoramari afite uburenganzira bwo kugura amasezerano yigihe kizaza nta nubwo afite amafaranga yose. Ivunjisha ryerekana umwishingizi wo kubahiriza amategeko, kandi risaba igice gusa cyamafaranga agomba kwishyurwa (kwishyura mbere). Iyi ni GO (ingwate cyangwa kubitsa).

Ibitekerezo mbere yo gucuruza

Mbere yo gucuruza ejo hazaza, menya neza ko usobanukiwe kandi usobanukirwe neza ingaruka zose zijyanye nubucuruzi. Ibikurikira, ugomba gufata ibikorwa byinshi: hitamo umukoresha, kugena igice cyisoko hanyuma uhitemo kugiti cyawe ubwoko bwubucuruzi buzaza wenyine.

Guhitamo Brokerage Firm

Umunyabwenge kabuhariwe muri ubu bwoko bwishoramari azaha umucuruzi urwego rwo hejuru rwa serivisi nibyifuzo. Ariko, kubashoramari bigenga, ibi birashobora kubahenze. Ihitamo ryiza ryaba guhitamo ibiciro bya serivisi kugiciro gito. Hitamo ikigo cya brokerage ukurikije ibipimo bikurikira:

• komisiyo yo gutega;
• margin ibisabwa (igipimo cyambere);
• ubwoko bwibikorwa bihari;
• porogaramu ya porogaramu;
• korohereza interineti ikurikirana uhereye kubakoresha;
• umuvuduko nubwiza bwakazi ka broker mugihe ukorera abandi bakiriya.

Ibyiciro byamasoko yigihe kizaza

Iyo ucuruza ububiko, inganda nyinshi zitandukanye zirahari (kuva ikoranabuhanga kugeza kubitsa banki yamahanga). Hamwe nubukanishi busa nubucuruzi bwibyiciro byinganda, haracyari nuances kubwoko bwabo butandukanye. Ibintu bisa nubucuruzi bwigihe kizaza. Nuburyo busa nibikorwa byigihe kizaza, ibintu byinshi byagenzuwe kuburyo ari ngombwa gukurikirana ubwoko bwose bwibyiciro. Gereranya namasezerano yubucuruzi yamamaza kugirango yumve neza ibyabaye mugihe uhisemo urwego rwakazi. Wibuke ko buri soko (ibyuma, amafaranga, umutungo wingufu, nibindi) bifite imiterere iranga: itandukaniro murwego rwimikorere, ingano yamasezerano, ibisabwa.

Ubwoko bwubucuruzi ku isoko ryigihe kizaza

Kugura amasezerano cyangwa kuyigurisha, wizeye gutsinda ku izamuka / kugabanuka kw’igiciro, nuburyo bworoshye bwo gucuruza kubyumva. Nuburyo bwubucuruzi ugomba gutangira gucuruza kumasoko yigihe kizaza. Mugihe wiga kandi ukagira uruhare mubikorwa, koresha ubundi buryo bugoye. Ubwoko bwubucuruzi:

1. Byiza kumyanya kubiciro byamasezerano nibicuruzwa ubwabyo. Umucuruzi ashyiraho umwanya muremure ku isoko ryigihe kizaza kandi icyarimwe umwanya muto ku isoko ryimari. Intangiriro yo gutega ni ihindagurika ryibiciro kubicuruzwa ubwabyo nibiciro byigihe kizaza. Inyungu zose ziva kumyanya yombi ziratandukanye. Umucuruzi ashishikajwe no gufunga imyanya yombi, kuba mwirabura.
2. Byiza kumyanya yamasezerano. Intego ya beto ni uguhindura itandukaniro ryibiciro byamasezerano abiri. Imikorere logique isa niyayibanjirije.
3. Gukoresha ubucuruzi bwigihe kizaza kurwanya isoko ryimigabane. Bitabaye ibyo, uruzitiro. Mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo, bisa nkibi: umukiriya afite imigabane minini yimigabane, kandi ntashaka kuyigurisha. Isoko ryimari rirahanganye nibishoboka ko igabanuka rikabije ryibiciro. Inzira yo gusohoka izaba igurishwa ryabo muburyo bwamasezerano yigihe kizaza. Ni ukuvuga, ejo hazaza hahinduka ubwishingizi bwo kugabanuka kw’ibiciro ku isoko ryimigabane.

Ishoramari rikurura cyane ejo hazaza

Twaba tuvuga imbuga zo murugo cyangwa mumahanga, ihame ntirihinduka. Guhindagurika gukomeye (guhindagurika kw’ibiciro) no gutembera (ubushobozi bwo guhindura umutungo vuba mumafaranga ku giciro cyiza) burigihe buranga ibimenyetso byamamare kumasoko. Ifaranga ry’amafaranga (euro kugeza kumadorari, amafaranga yu Busuwisi kugeza yen yapani, nibindi) nabyo birasukuye kandi bihindagurika. Ibyingenzi byabo biragereranywa nibipimo, ariko gutega biroroshye kubyumva.
Ibicuruzwa bidafite ingaruka nke ni:

• kubona ejo hazaza kumigabane yamasosiyete manini kandi yatsinze;
• gucuruza ejo hazaza kubutare bwagaciro.

Isesengura ryambere ryisoko

Kugirango uhitemo neza amasezerano yigihe kizaza, biragaragara ko ari byiza kwiga uko ibintu bimeze ubu ku isoko. Hasi nuburyo bunoze kandi busanzwe bwo gusesengura mubacuruzi.

Shingiro

Ubushakashatsi busuzuma ibipimo byiminzani itandukanye bigira ingaruka kubiciro byamasezerano mugihe kizaza. Kubera ko igiciro cyigihe kizaza gifitanye isano nigiciro cyumutungo wacyo wibanze, ibintu byose bishobora kugira ingaruka ku kigereranyo cy’ibisabwa-bitangwa hamwe n’umutungo shingiro birasesengurwa. Ingero:

1. Igihe kizaza. Hano, ibipimo byamasoko azwi nka FOREX, cyane cyane urwego rwinyungu, ihindagurika ryifaranga mubihugu bifite ifaranga ryigihugu rihuye, amakuru yubukungu, nibintu byizana bigira ingaruka zidasanzwe.
2. Imigabane nigihe kizaza. Uruhare runini muri uru rwego rufite uruhare mu makuru yatangajwe kuri raporo y’imikorere yose y’imari ya sosiyete itanga (gutanga impapuro). By’umwihariko hitabwa cyane ku mibare fatizo (ibipimo byerekana iterambere ryikigo, amafaranga yinjiza muri iki gihe no muri dinamike, nibindi).

Tekiniki

Isesengura rishingiye ku makuru avuye ku mbonerahamwe y’ibiciro. Ihame ryubu buryo ni ukumenya ko igiciro gihinduka mugihe icyo aricyo cyose mugihe. Nubwo nta gihinduka ku mbonerahamwe, iyo igipimo cyo kwagura imipaka cyangwa kugabanuka kwayo, uko gutuza ni ukuruhuka mbere yuko igiciro kizamuka cyangwa kigabanuka. Uruhare runini mu isesengura rufite na:

• imiterere (uburyo bwo guhindura ibiciro mubyiciro byashize);
• urwego rwo gushyigikira no kurwanya (inzitizi zidasubirwaho kubiciro mugihe kirekire).

Guhuza ibi nibindi bipimo bitanga impamvu yo kwemeza ko gucuruza bifite agaciro. Amakuru yose yubatswe ashingiye ku mbonerahamwe ihindagurika ryibiciro.

Gufungura konti yubucuruzi

Nta kurenganya, ivunjisha ryose ritanga amahirwe yo gucuruza ejo hazaza. Akazi gatangirana no gufungura konti ya brokerage:

1. Guhitamo isosiyete iciriritse mubucuruzi ishingiye ku kwiga ibikubiye mu masezerano. Reba uruhushya rwa broker kurubuga rwi Moscou Mvunja yo kuvunja amabanki (https://www.moex.com/).
2. Inyandiko zisabwa kugirango ufungure konti ziratandukanye gato bitewe nishyirahamwe ryihariye, ariko urutonde nyamukuru nuru rukurikira:
   • gusaba ukurikije icyitegererezo cyashyizweho n’umuryango;
   • pasiporo / izindi nyandiko ndangamuntu;
   • Icyemezo cya TIN;
   • SNILS.

Hitamo amafaranga yo kohereza kuri konti. Kubahuza batandukanye, byibuze kwinjira byinjira biratandukanye cyane. Ibikurikira, kora ibi bikurikira:

1. Hitamo konti yo gufungura – imwe isanzwe (umusoro wa 13%) cyangwa konti y’umuntu ku giti cye (IIA) (hano urashobora guhitamo ubwoko bw’igabanywa ry’umusoro – kumusanzu cyangwa kwinjiza).
2. Hitamo gahunda yimisoro, urebye ibikorwa byose byateganijwe.
3. Hitamo uburyo bworoshye bwo gufungura – sura ibiro byikigo imbonankubone cyangwa wiyandikishe kumurongo. Mugihe cyambere, birahagije kuzana paki yinyandiko. Inzobere izakora ibisigaye. Mugihe cya kabiri, ugomba kuzuza inkingi zose zikenewe wenyine. Kwemeza kwiyandikisha bikorwa binyuze mubiranga binyuze muri “Gosuslugi” cyangwa SMS.
4. Inyandiko zitunganywa mugihe cyiminsi 2-3. Nyuma yigihe kirangiye, ubutumwa bugufi bwoherezwa kuri nimero ya terefone yerekanwe hamwe no kumenyesha gufungura konti.
5. Konti ntabwo ikora kugeza kubitsa bwa mbere. Uzuzuze ikarita ya banki, kwimura kuri konti yo kuzigama, amafaranga.

Konti ikora yubucuruzi igufasha gutangira kugura no kugurisha ejo hazaza.

Gutondekanya amasezerano

Tekinoroji yimikoranire nayo nayo biterwa nubwoko bwamasezerano yatoranijwe. Mbere yo gutangira gucuruza, wige witonze ibiranga ubwoko bwombi.

1. Gutanga. Izina ryubwoko bwamasezerano rivuga ibyingenzi – byitwa ko aribwo buryo bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa bushingiye kubisubizo byubucuruzi. Kubahiriza amasezerano bigenzurwa no kungurana ibitekerezo, bihana abitabiriye amande mugihe harenze kubisabwa. Ubwoko bukoreshwa, nkibisanzwe, ninganda zubuhinzi ninganda. Inyungu zisobanurwa no gukenera kugura ibikoresho fatizo ubwabyo cyangwa ibindi bicuruzwa bikenerwa mu musaruro.
2. Bigereranijwe. Ibikubiye mu masezerano yasinywe muri ubu bwoko ntibiteganya gutanga ikintu cy’amasezerano. Gucuruza bikorwa hashingiwe ku kuvunja amafaranga. Ahanini, amasezerano yo kwikiranura akorwa nabacuruzi kugirango binjize ibicuruzwa binyuze mubitekerezo.

Gucuruza algorithm

Ibicuruzwa ku isoko ryimigabane ntibikorwa bitatekerejweho. Ubucuruzi bw’ejo hazaza busaba gahunda y’ibikorwa isobanutse itandukanye bitewe n’ibihe, ariko ifite inkingi nyamukuru – algorithm y’ubucuruzi:

1. Kugena agaciro k’amasezerano muriki gihe.
2. Isuzuma ry’amafaranga y’ubwishingizi (GO).
3. Kubara umubare wamasezerano aboneka mugabanye umubare wabikijwe nubunini bwa margin.

Urugero: Urashaka kumenya umubare wamasezerano yigihe kizaza aboneka kugura ufite amafaranga ibihumbi 1, 5 na 10. Ibiharuro biragereranijwe kubera ihindagurika ryibipimo byubucuruzi. Amakuru akurikira arahari:

• igiciro cya troy ounce kuri ubu ni ibihumbi 1.268 by’amadolari;
• Genda 0.109 by’amadolari.

Kubara umubare wamasezerano yubunini butandukanye bwo kubitsa, amafaranga yo kubitsa agabanywa numubare wa GO:

Kubitsa mu bihumbi by’amadolari	imwe	5	icumi
Kubara	1000 / 0.109	5.000 / 0.109	10,000 / 0.109
Umubare w’amasezerano	9	45	91

Ugomba kumenya ingaruka. Uburyo bushyize mu gaciro ni ukugabanya ingaruka kuri 3% yo kubitsa.

Amafaranga n’ibisubizo by’amafaranga

Umwanya ufunguye nigihe cyaguzwe. Umunsi urangiye, margin ibarwa kumwanya wacyo (itandukaniro riri hagati yigiciro cyaguzwe nagaciro kanyuma yubucuruzi).

Mugihe amasezerano arangiye, iki kimenyetso kirimo amakuru kumubare wa buri munsi, kuba ikimenyetso cyibisubizo byubukungu byubucuruzi.

Abacuruzi b’inararibonye bakora ibanzirizasuzuma ry’inyungu zicuruzwa (margin margin). Ibi biragufasha kutabura umwanya mwiza wo gufunga umwanya. Inyungu ibarwa na formula: VM = (Pn – Pn-1) × N, aho:

• Pn nigiciro cyamasezerano mugihe cyubu;
• Pn-1 – agaciro k’umutungo kurangiza umunsi wubucuruzi wabanjirije;
• N numubare wamasezerano.

Ibibazo bisanzwe

Uko umubare wimari mushya winjizwa mumutwe wamushimishije, niko ibibazo biba ngombwa kuri we. Ibi byagura urwego rwubumenyi. Hano haribibazo bikunze kugaragara mubashya:

1. Nabona he urutonde rwibihe byose biri imbere? Kungurana ibitekerezo byemewe byerekana urutonde rwamasezerano yigihe kizaza mugihe nyacyo. Ihanahana ryose umucuruzi akoreramo ashishikajwe no kuvugurura igihe.
2. Nakura he amateka yavuzwe? Ku guhana kwose hari serivisi ifite archive ya cote. Kugirango ukore ibi, urashobora gukoresha ishakisha kurubuga winjiza “Quotes Archive” mumasanduku yubushakashatsi. Rimwe na rimwe, ushobora gukuramo amagambo ukoresheje serivisi ishushanya ushiraho ibipimo bya “Maximum bar” ukurikije ko umunsi 1 uhwanye niminota 1440. Mbere yo gukuramo, uyikoresha asabwa guhitamo intangiriro nimpera yigihe cyinyungu.
3. Nigute ushobora guhitamo itariki yigihe kizaza? Guhitamo itariki izarangiriraho (umunsi amasezerano arangiriraho) biterwa numutungo wimbere. Bibaho kumunsi runaka washyizweho no kungurana ibitekerezo. Guhitamo k’umucuruzi bishingiye ku kuba iyo ufashe icyemezo cyo gukora amasezerano, hakenewe isesengura rishingiye ku bwoko bw’umutungo. Ni ukuvuga, guhitamo itariki yigihe kizaza ni igice cyisesengura rusange ryibanze ryisoko, ryasobanuwe haruguru.
4. Bigenda bite kumunsi wanyuma wubucuruzi? Kuri uyumunsi, kuvunja gukora ibarwa kumyanya yose ifunguye kumasoko yigihe kizaza, nukuvuga ko uyu ariwo munsi inshingano ziteganijwe mumasezerano zuzuzwa. Ntibishoboka guhanura imyitwarire yisoko kuri uyumunsi. Abacuruzi bakeneye kuba maso cyane kumatariki yo gusoza kugirango ihindagurika ritunguranye ridatera igihombo. Mubyongeyeho, ni kumunsi wanyuma wubucuruzi ushobora “gukubita jackpot”.
5. Hoba harigihe kizaza? Nibyo, hari ejo hazaza nta tariki izarangiriraho. Muri ayo masezerano, kubara bikozwe buri saha. Abafite imyanya ndende (ndende) bishyura abafite igihe gito (ikabutura) ku gipimo cyagenwe no kuvunja. Iyi phenomenon ikesha kubaho kwayo ikeneye kugumana agaciro kazoza gahoraho idafunze umwanya. Agaciro kagomba kuba kurwego rwibiciro fatizo kubipimo.
6. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yimyanya migufi nigihe kirekire mumasezerano? Mugufi – ibisubizo byo kugurisha amasezerano. Nyir’umwanya muto afite inshingano zo kugurisha umutungo wibanze ku giciro cyumvikanyweho. Murebure – ibisubizo byo kugura amasezerano. Nyirubwite afite inshingano zo kugura umutungo wibanze kumunsi wamasezerano arangiriraho kubiciro byagenwe.
7. Abashoramari bakeneye ejo hazaza? Buri mushoramari yihitiramo niba akeneye gucuruza ku isoko ryigihe kizaza. Guhitamo ibikoresho byimari biterwa nibyifuzo byawe bwite, ubumenyi hamwe numufuka wumushoramari. Abantu bamwe ntibakoresha ubucuruzi bwigihe kizaza nkigikoresho cyonyine cyimari. Ahubwo, bafata ejo hazaza nkimwe muburyo bwo gutandukanya imari. Nigikoresho cyo kugabanya ingaruka. Igizwe nishoramari mumitungo itandukanye.

Urashobora kwiga uburyo bwo gucuruza ejo hazaza no kwinjiza amafaranga muri videwo ikurikira: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=csSZvzVJ4I0&ab_channel=RamyZaycman Futures, nkigikoresho cyo guhanahana amakuru, ntabwo yigeze igira uruhare mubitekerezo. Binyuze mubikorwa byigihe kizaza, abatanga isoko (imirima, inganda, nibindi) barinze ihinduka ryibiciro. Noneho ubucuruzi bw’ejo hazaza bwabonye intera idasanzwe no gukundwa. Nibyiza gutangira ibikorwa nkibi byimari hamwe nuburambe mubucuruzi kumasoko yimigabane.