Uma kuqhathaniswa no-2020, inani labatshalizimali eMoscow Exchange liphindwe kathathu. Amakhasimende amaningi angabasaqalayo abanolwazi oluncane ngemakethe yamasheya futhi asebenza nabathengi.
Ubani umthengisi futhi uhola kanjani
Umdayisi ngumuntu osemthethweni noma wemvelo owenza imisebenzi yezezimali egameni futhi ngezindleko zeklayenti. Ngezinsizakalo ezinikeziwe, uthola ikhomishini, inani elisungulwe kwinkontileka ephethwe neklayenti. Umthengisi, ngokuhambisana nomthetho weRussian Federation, kumele abe nelayisensi evela eBhange Elikhulu. Ngaphezu kwemvume yokusebenza ye-brokerage eyisisekelo, kungase kube namalayisense omsebenzi womthengisi nowokufaka imali, ukuphathwa kwempahla, njll. Uhlu lochwepheshe abagunyazwe yiBhange Elikhulu lungatholakala kuwebhusayithi yomlawuli. Umsebenzi (umsebenzi) womthengisi ulawulwa ngokuqinile ngumthetho. Abanye abasaqalayo badida imiqondo yomthengisi nomthengisi. Umhwebi ungumuntu ozimele, ngezindleko zenhloko-dolobha yakhe, uhlanganyela ekuthengisweni, ukuthengwa kwempahla. Kodwa njengoba abantu (ngaphandle kwelayisensi) abakwazi ukubhida, ukwenza ukuthengiselana ku-stock exchange, badinga nomlamuli osemthethweni – okungcono umthengisi onenzuzo. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_287” align = “aligncenter” wide = “582”]
- stock, exchange – uchwepheshe ozuza futhi adayise izimpahla egameni leklayenti, ngemibandela evumayo kakhulu;
- isikweletu – ukhetha umkhiqizo wemalimboleko ngemibandela evumayo kakhulu;
- ukuqashisa (okufana nekhredithi ) – isebenza ikakhulukazi nezinhlangano ezisemthethweni;
- Umthengisi we-forex – umsebenzi ekuhwebeni kwe-Forex, ukuthengiselana ngemali kungenziwa kuphela ngabantu abagunyaziwe, okungukuthi, abathengisi;
- kanambambili (okufana ne-forex) – umxhumanisi phakathi kwamaklayenti ekwenzeni ukuthengiselana okukhethwa kukho kanambambili;
- ezentengiselwano (ibhizinisi) – ikhetha abaqashi, abathengi emkhakheni wezohwebo, ibhizinisi eliqalayo noma elenziwe ngomumo.
Uhola kanjani futhi ngani
Umgomo oyinhloko wanoma yiliphi ibhizinisi ukwenza inzuzo, umsebenzi womdayisi awunjalo. Abahlanganyeli bemakethe abachwepheshile bathola imali engenayo ngekhomishini, ukusebenza kwe-margin, ukwethulwa kwempahla yomuntu siqu emsebenzini. Umdayiseli wezezimali uthengisa noma uthole izibambiso emakethe yamasheya ngokuqala, ukusetshenziswa kweklayenti. Lesi yisibopho esiyinhloko, kodwa akusona sodwa, umthengisi futhi wenza futhi anikeze lezi zinsizakalo ezilandelayo:
- ukuvula nokugcina i-akhawunti;
- ukulungiswa kwemibiko mayelana nokushintshisana nokulingana kwezimpahla;
- iseluleko sezezimali ngokuhweba;
- izibalo zezimakethe zamasheya;
- ukutholwa, ukuthengiswa kwamasheya ngokwesicelo sekhasimende;
- ukukhokhwa kwezintela;
- ihambisa amafomu entela.
Isiqubulo sanoma yimuphi umthengisi sithi ikhomishini! Phela yikhomishini lapho ethola khona umholo wakhe omkhulu. Futhi ukuze uthole amakhomishini akho, udinga ukuheha amaklayenti amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka ahweba ngenkuthalo.
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Ikhomishini ye-Brokerage
Amakhomishini okwenziwayo ahlukile kubadayisi abahlukene, ngaphezu kwalokho, imali ingase ikhokhiswe ngokulungiswa kwe-akhawunti, izinsizakalo zediphozithi (ukugcinwa kwezibambiso). I-stock exchange ithatha ikhomishana eyengeziwe, engafakiwe emalini yekhomishana yomphathi. Uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe angaphandle, ikakhulukazi i-United States, kukhona amakhomishana angaguquki, akhokhelwa ephepheni elihlukile. E-Russian Federation, isimo sihlukile, ngokuthengiselana ngakunye iklayenti izokhokha imali yekhomishini. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_288″ align=”aligncenter” width=”552″]
Lapho wenza uhwebo oluningi, yilapho umthengisi ethola ikhomishini eyengeziwe – lokhu kubalulekile ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani kunenzuzo kumthengisi ukuthi umhwebe kakhulu.
Abathengi abadume kakhulu (bafunde inzuzo) eRussia ngasekupheleni kuka-2021:
| Abathengi Abadumile | Linganisa | Imali yokwenziwayo | Isondlo (inyanga) | Izinkonzo zediphozithi |
| Tinkoff | “Umhwebi” | 0.025 – 0.05% | 290 rub. | imahhala |
| Tinkoff | “Umtshalizimali” | 0.3% | imahhala | imahhala |
| I-VTB | “I-inthanethi yami” | 0.05% | imahhala | imahhala |
| I-VTB | “Professional Standard” | 0.015 – 0.0472% | imahhala | 150 rub. |
| I-BCS World of Investments | “Umhwebi” | 0.01 – 0.03% | 299 rub. | imahhala |
| I-BCS World of Investments | “Umtshalizimali” | 0.1% | imahhala | imahhala |
| I-Alfa Bank | “I-Tariff M” | 0.015 – 0.07% | 290 rub. | imahhala |
| I-Alfa Bank | “I-Tariff S” | 0.03% | imahhala | imahhala |
| I-Sberbank | “Umtshalizimali” | 0.018 – 0.3% | imahhala | imahhala |
Umtshali-zimali otshale imali kumasheya futhi olindele ukuthi inani lawo likhuphuke akayona inzuzo futhi ayithakazelisi kumphathi. Uma inzuzo yemisebenzi iba nkulu, imali ayizuzayo iba nkulu!
Amakhomishana omthengisi anenzuzo kakhulu – iqiniso noma inganekwane?
Eqinisweni, amakhomishini anenzuzo eklayenti awakho nje. Kunoma yikuphi, umtshali-zimali uzokhokha umphathi hhayi ngempela inzuzo. Imali engenayo yomthengisi ayihlanganisi inzuzo yeklayenti, kodwa inani lemisebenzi eyenziwa ku-akhawunti.
Umthengisi akayena umngane kumtshali-zimali, akunandaba kuye ukuthi ukuthengiselana bekunenzuzo yini. Uzothola imali yakhe eqinisekisiwe kunoma yikuphi!
Ukuboleka kwemajini
Ukuncintisana okukhulu ezimakethe zamasheya kubambezela ukukhula kwentela, okusho ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukwenza imali njengomthengisi. Ukuze kwandiswe inani lemisebenzi eyenziwa ngabatshalizimali, abathengisi banikeza ukubolekwa kwe-margin. Ukheshi noma izibambiso zikhishwa ngezindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali komthengisi noma amanye amaklayenti. Imali mboleko enjalo ivikelwe yizimpahla zomtshali-zimali. Inani lemajini livamise ukudlula inani lesibambiso. Inketho yokuxhuma ngokuzenzakalelayo imali mboleko ye-margin ikhona ezinhlelweni eziningi ze-tariff. Uma zingekho izimpahla ezanele zokuqedela umsebenzi, izimali ezengeziwe zifakwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngenxa yalokho, abathengisi bathola inzalo yabo kumalimboleko ngokwethula imali yabo, kanye nenzalo eyengeziwe yalokho okwenziwayo. Uma izimali zokutshalwa kwezimali zithathwa kuma-akhawunti amanye amaklayenti, khona-ke akhokhelwa isilinganiso esincane esingu-0, 05% ngonyaka. Inzuzo yokudayiswa kabili iyabonakala. Isibonelo, i-VTB Bank inikeza i-margin (cash) loan ngama-ruble ngesilinganiso se-16.8% ngonyaka (isikhundla eside – eside), ngemali yangaphandle – 4.5%. Ukuvulwa kweBhange kusuka ku-16%, ngemali yangaphandle kusuka ku-3.7% (kuye ngokuthi uhlelo lwe-tariff nokuvikeleka). Securities margin loan (REPO) – VTB Bank (SHORT – short position) – 13% in ruble, ngemali yangaphandle – 4.5%. Ngokuvamile i-REPO ikhishelwa isikhundla esifushane.
Ukubolekwa kwe-Margin kungenye imnyakazo enenzuzo, enenzuzo yokuthengisa. Kuvela ukuthi umphathi uhlinzeka ngemalimboleko ye-margin, athole inzalo yakhe kuyo, inzalo eyengeziwe kulokho okwenzekile, futhi yonke le misebenzi ivikelwe yizimpahla zeklayenti.
Kufushane
Okufushane (izikhundla ezimfushane noma ukuthengisa) enye isevisi ehlinzekwa abathengisi ukuze bathole imali eyengeziwe. Lapho umkhuba (okulindelekile) wokuwa kwamasheya athile, umtshali-zimali unquma ukuwathengisa. Umphathi anganikeza iseluleko, aboleke amasheya, abadayise, futhi uma inani labo lehla kakhulu, liwathenge futhi. Umehluko kulokho okwenziwayo kuzoba yimali etholwa ngumtshali-zimali. Umdayisi uzothola amasheya akhe njengenkokhelo yemalimboleko + inzalo yokuthenga. Uma amasheya ekhula ngentengo, khona-ke iklayenti kuzodingeka lithenge ebiza kakhulu, ukuphepha kokuthengiselana okunjalo kuyimpahla yakhe. Ubani umdayisi futhi wenzani ekushintsheni: https://youtu.be/9-MfgQCTxJo
Imikhiqizo yokutshala imali
Imikhiqizo eqediwe iwukutshalwa kwezimali okuphakathi phakathi kwezizimele noma ezithenjwayo. Iklayenti lingakhetha ukuthi yiziphi izimpahla elizotshala kuzo, izinga lenzuzo nengcuphe, kanye nemibandela.
Ukuphathwa kwe-trust kuwumyalelo kumthengisi ukuthi aphathe ngokugcwele izimpahla. Ngokuvamile, isikhathi sokuphathwa kokuthembana iminyaka emi-3. Kuyacaca ukuthi ukutholwa kwemali engenayo kuncike ngokuphelele kumphathi futhi akuqinisekisiwe kumtshali-zimali.
Ngokungafani nomthengisi, imali yekhomishana eqinisekisiwe yokuphathwa kwempahla kanye nomsebenzi ngamunye owenziwe umtshali-zimali, ngaphandle kokuthola imali engenayo, izokhokhwa kumphathi. Ukuze kuhehe amakhasimende amaningi, futhi ngaleyo ndlela andise inzuzo yezimali, abathengisi bakha imikhiqizo emisha yokutshala imali. Njengoba ubona, i-% yemibono yokutshala imali iphezulu kakhulu kune-% yenzuzo yayo:
Indlela yokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa lapho uhweba ngomthengisi – kungenzeka
Ngaphambi kokutshala izimali ukuze usebenze e-stock exchange, udinga ukufunda imakethe yezezimali. Ukuze usebenze emakethe yamasheya, okokuqala, awudingi inzuzo enkulu, kodwa umthengisi onokwethenjelwa wokutshala izimali. Ukusebenzelana okufanele nomphathi, udinga ukunquma:
- yiziphi izimpahla ongatshala kuzo (amabhondi, amasheya, njll.), imali;
- inzuzo oyifunayo yomkhiqizo;
- imigomo yokutshala izimali (ehlala njalo, engaguquki).
Funda ngokucophelela amadokhumenti:
- ngaphambi kokusayina inkontileka, qiniseka ukuthi ufunda isimemezelo sengozi;
- funda inkontileka, thola ukuthi kanjani futhi nini, izimo zokuhoxisa yonke imali noma ingxenye yemali (ukutshalwa kwezimali akuqinisekisiwe!).
Uma umtshali-zimali enelisekile ngayo yonke imibandela, inkontileka isayinwa futhi izimali zifakwa ku-akhawunti. Ukusayinwa kwenkontileka kungenzeka ukude. Kudingekile ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile uhlole umbiko, isimo se-akhawunti, ucabangele ukuthi bangakanani abadayisi ku-stock exchange abahola ngokuthengiselana kwakho kwezezimali. Uma iklayenti libona ukuthi isu lomphathi alifaneleki, inketho yokushintshela emalini ekhokhwayo evumayo kufanele kuxoxwe ngayo.
Isiphetho: abathengisi banentshisekelo kubatshalizimali abahweba kaningi. Imali abayitholayo incike ngokuphelele enanini lamadili enziwe.
Emakethe yaseRussia, izinkampani zokuhweba ezidume kakhulu zithatha izingxenye zephesenti lokuthengiselana okungavamile ukwenziwa. Kodwa uma iklayenti lihweba ngenkuthalo, futhi ukuthengiselana kuqedwa ngamanani amakhulu, khona-ke ikhomishini ingaba ephawulekayo. Ukwakhiwa kwemikhiqizo emisha kwandisa isisekelo samakhasimende, futhi ngaleyo ndlela inzuzo yezimali. Ngisho nomthengisi onenzuzo kakhulu eRussia usebenza ukuthola, okokuqala, inzuzo yakhe, futhi okwesibili ukuze kuzuze abatshalizimali. Nakuba kungenxa yenani lamakhasimende kanye nokuthengiselana okwenziwa nguye ukuthi imali yakhe yonke yakhiwe. Umsebenzi oyinhloko womthengisi ukuthola “incazelo yegolide”, ukuheha amakhasimende ahweba kakhulu, awanikeze imali engenayo ezinzile, uma kungenzeka, futhi athole imali yawo esemthethweni.
