Sɛ wɔde toto afe 2020 ho a, wɔn a wɔde wɔn sika hyɛ Moscow Exchange no mu no dodow abu abɔ ho bɛboro mprɛnsa. Adetɔfo pii yɛ wɔn a wɔrefi ase a wonnim sikakorabea no yiye na wɔne aguadifo yɛ adwuma.
Hena na ɔyɛ broker na ɔkwan bɛn so na onya
Broker yɛ mmara kwan so anaa honam fam nipa a ogyina obi a ɔregye no ananmu yɛ sikasɛm ho nkitahodi na ɔbɔ ho ka. Wɔ nnwuma a wɔde ma no ho no, onya sika bi, a wɔde sika dodow no asi hɔ wɔ apam a wɔne nea wɔrehwehwɛ no no yɛe no mu. Ɛsɛ sɛ aguadifo no, sɛnea Russia Ɔman no mmara kyerɛ no, nya tumi krataa a efi Sikakorabea Kɛse no hɔ. Wɔ mfitiaseɛ brokerage adwuma tumi krataa no akyi no, tumi krataa wɔ hɔ ma dealer ne depositary dwumadiɛ, agyapadeɛ sohwɛ, ne nea ɛkeka ho. Wobetumi ahu animdefo a Sikakorabea Kɛse no agye wɔn atom no din wɔ mmarahyɛ bagua no wɛbsaet so. Mmara na ɛhyɛ aguadifo dwumadi (adwuma) ho mmara katee. Ebinom a wɔrefi ase no ma nsusuwii ahorow a ɛfa aguadifo ne aguadifo ho no yɛ basaa. Oguadifo yɛ kokoam nipa a ɔde ne sika kɛse no ka a ɔde ne ho hyɛ agyapade tɔn, adetɔ mu. Nanso esiane sɛ ankorankoro (a wonni tumi krataa) ntumi mmɔ ka nti, . sɛ wɔbɛyɛ nnwuma wɔ stock exchange no so a, wohia aban ntamgyinafoɔ nso – sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yie a, wɔbɛyɛ broker a ɔnya mfasoɔ. 
Dodow a woyɛ aguadi no, dodow no ara na broker no nya commission – eyi ho hia ma ntease a enti a ɛyɛ mfaso ma broker no sɛ wodi gua pii.
Brokers a agye din sen biara (kenkan mfaso) wɔ Russia de besi afe 2021 awiei:
| Brokers a Agye Din | Hyehyɛ | Aguadi ho ka | Nsiesiei (ɔsram) . | Nnwuma a wɔde nneɛma gu mu |
| Tinkoff a ɛwɔ hɔ | “Aguadifo”. | 0.025 – 0.05% na ɛwɔ hɔ. | 290 a wɔde petepete so. | yɛ nea wontua hwee |
| Tinkoff a ɛwɔ hɔ | “Sikakorafo”. | 0.3% na ɛwɔ hɔ. | yɛ nea wontua hwee | yɛ nea wontua hwee |
| VTB na ɛwɔ hɔ | “Me intanɛt so”. | 0.05% na ɛwɔ hɔ. | yɛ nea wontua hwee | yɛ nea wontua hwee |
| VTB na ɛwɔ hɔ | “Adwumayɛfoɔ Gyinapɛn”. | 0.015 – 0.0472% na ɛwɔ hɔ. | yɛ nea wontua hwee | 150 a wɔde petepete so. |
| BCS Wiase a Ɛfa Sikasɛm Ho | “Aguadifo”. | 0.01 – 0.03% na ɛwɔ hɔ. | 299 rub no. | yɛ nea wontua hwee |
| BCS Wiase a Ɛfa Sikasɛm Ho | “Sikakorafo”. | 0.1% na ɛwɔ hɔ. | yɛ nea wontua hwee | yɛ nea wontua hwee |
| Alfa Sikakorabea | “Tariff M” na ɛwɔ hɔ. | 0.015 – 0.07% na ɛwɔ hɔ. | 290 a wɔde petepete so. | yɛ nea wontua hwee |
| Alfa Sikakorabea | “Tariff S” na ɛwɔ hɔ. | 0.03% na ɛwɔ hɔ. | yɛ nea wontua hwee | yɛ nea wontua hwee |
| Sber Sikakorabea | “Sikakorafo”. | 0.018 – 0.3% na ɛwɔ hɔ. | yɛ nea wontua hwee | yɛ nea wontua hwee |
Obi a ɔde ne sika ahyɛ mu a ɔde ne sika ahyɛ kyɛfa mu na ɔretwɛn sɛ ne bo bɛkɔ soro no nyɛ nea mfaso wɔ so na ɛnyɛ nea ɔpanyin no ani gye ho. Dodow a sika a onya fi nnwuma mu no yɛ kɛse no, dodow no ara na sika a onya no yɛ kɛse!
Broker commissions a mfaso wɔ so sen biara – nokwasɛm anaasɛ ayɛsɛm?
Nokwarem no, sika a wɔde hyɛ obi nsa a mfaso wɔ so ma nea ɔrehwehwɛ no no nni hɔ ara kwa. Sɛnea ɛte biara no, nea ɔde ne sika bɛto mu no betua ɔpanyin no ka na ɛnyɛ mfaso a wobenya no ankasa. Broker no sika a wonya no nyɛ mfaso a ɛwɔ adetɔfo no so, na mmom ɛyɛ adwuma dodow a wɔayɛ wɔ akontaabu no so.
Broker no nyɛ adamfo ma investor no, ɛnyɛ hwee mma no sɛ ebia na mfaso wɔ asɛm no mu anaa. Ɔbɛnya ne sika a wɔahyɛ ho bɔ no ɔkwan biara so!
Margin boseabɔ
Sikasɛm mu akansi kɛse a ɛkɔ so wɔ sikakorabea ahorow mu no siw tow a wɔbɔ no nkɔso kwan, na ɛno kyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ den kɛse sɛ wobenya sika sɛ aguadifo. Nea ɛbɛyɛ na nnwuma a wɔn a wɔde wɔn sika hyɛ mu no yɛ no ayɛ kɛse no, aguadifo de bosea a wɔde ma wɔ sika a wɔde di dwuma ho no ma. Wɔde sika anaa ahobammɔ ho nkrataa ma a wɔde sika a broker no anaa afoforo a wɔde wɔn ho to wɔn so no ankasa sika a wɔde ahyɛ mu no ho ka. Wɔde nea ɔde ne sika ahyɛ mu no agyapade na ɛbɔ bosea a ɛte saa no ho ban. Mpɛn pii no, margin dodow a wɔde ma no boro nea wɔde bɛbɔ bosea no so. Ɔkwan a wɔfa so de bosea a wɔde ma a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ mu no bata ho ankasa no wɔ towtua ho nhyehyɛe pii mu. Sɛ agyapade a ɛdɔɔso nni hɔ a wɔde bewie asɛm no a, wɔde sika foforo hyɛ mu ara kwa. Ne saa nti, aguadifo nya wɔn mfɛntom wɔ bosea no ho denam wɔn ankasa sika kɛse a wɔde bɛba no so, ne mfɛntom foforo a wɔde bɛbɔ bosea no. Sɛ wogye sika a wɔde bɛto mu no fi afɛfo afoforo akontaabu mu a, ɛnde wotua wɔn ka a anyɛ yiye koraa no ɛyɛ 0, . 05% afe biara. Mfaso a ɛwɔ brokerage abien so no da adi pefee. Sɛ nhwɛso no, VTB Sikakorabea de margin (sika) bosea ma wɔ rubles mu wɔ rate a ɛyɛ 16.8% afe biara (LONG – gyinabea tenten), wɔ amannɔne sika mu – 4.5%. Sikakorabea Wobue firi 16%, wɔ amannɔne sika mu firi 3.7% (ɛgyina toɔ nhyehyɛeɛ ne ahobanbɔ so). Securities margin bosea (REPO) – VTB Bank (SHORT – gyinabea tiawa) – 13% wɔ rubles mu, wɔ amannɔne sika mu – 4.5%. Mpɛn pii no, wɔde REPO ma ma dibea tiawa bi.
Margin boseabɔ yɛ ade foforo a mfaso wɔ so, a ɛyɛ aguadi mu mfaso wɔ aguadi mu. Ɛbɛdaa adi sɛ ɔpanyin no de bosea a wɔde ma no ma, onya n’ankasa mfɛntom fi mu, mfɛntom foforo wɔ asɛm no ho, na wɔde nea ɔregye no no agyapade na ɛbɔ saa dwumadi ahorow yi nyinaa ho ban.
Tiawa
Short (gyinabea tiawa anaa adetɔn) yɛ adwuma foforo a aguadifo de ma de nya sika foforo. Sɛ su (akwanhwɛ) a ɛne sɛ kyɛfa bi bɛhwe ase a, nea ɔde ne sika hyɛ mu no si gyinae sɛ ɔbɛtɔn. Ɔpanyin no betumi de afotu ama, abɔ bosea, atɔn, na sɛ ne bo kɔ fam kɛse a, wasan atɔ bio. Nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ asɛm a ɛte saa mu no bɛyɛ sika a nea ɔde ne sika ahyɛ mu no benya. Broker no benya ne kyɛfa sɛ bosea a wotua + mfɛntom a wɔde tua asɛm no. Sɛ kyɛfa no bo kɔ soro a, ɛnde ɛsɛ sɛ nea ɔregye nneɛma no tɔ nea ne bo yɛ den, ahobammɔ a ɛwɔ asɛm a ɛte saa mu ne n’agyapade. Hena na ɔyɛ broker na dɛn na ɔyɛ wɔ exchange no so: https://youtu.be/9-MfgQCTxJo
Nneɛma a wɔde to gua
Nneɛma a wɔawie yɛ sika a wɔde hyɛ wɔn a wɔde wɔn ho anaasɛ wogye wɔn di ntam ntam. Ɔdetɔfo no betumi apaw agyapade a ɔde ne sika bɛto mu, mfaso ne asiane dodow a wobenya, ne nsɛm a wɔde bɛhyɛ mu.
Ahotoso sohwɛ yɛ akwankyerɛ a wɔde ma broker sɛ ɔnhwɛ agyapade so koraa. Mpɛn pii no, bere a wɔde hwɛ ahotoso so no yɛ mfe 3. Ɛda adi pefee sɛ sika a wobenya no gyina ɔpanyin no so koraa na ɛnyɛ nea wɔde bɛto gua no ho bɔhyɛ.
Nea ɛnte sɛ aguadifo no, wobetua commission fee a wɔahyɛ ho bɔ a wɔde bɛhwɛ agyapade so ne asɛm biara a ɔde ne sika ahyɛ mu no bɛyɛ, a onnya sika no, bɛma adwuma sohwɛfo no. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛtwetwe adetɔfo pii, na ɛnam so ama sika a wɔde di dwuma no akɔ soro no, aguadifo reyɛ nneɛma foforo a wɔde bɛto mu. Sɛnea wubetumi ahu no, % a ɛfa sikasɛm mu adwene ho no korɔn sen % a wonya fi wɔn mfaso mu:
Sɛnea wobɛtew adehwere so bere a woredi gua denam broker so – so ebetumi aba
Ansa na wode agyapade bɛto sikakorabea de ayɛ adwuma wɔ sikakorabea no, ɛsɛ sɛ wusua sikasɛm ho gua no ho ade. Sɛ wopɛ sɛ woyɛ adwuma wɔ stock gua so a, nea edi kan koraa no, enhia sɛ wunya mfaso sen biara, na mmom wuhia aguadifo a wotumi de ho to wɔn so ma sika a wode bɛto mu. Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wo ne ɔpanyin no bedi nkitaho yiye a, ɛsɛ sɛ wusi gyinae sɛ:
- agyapade bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde wɔn sika hyɛ mu (bonds, stocks, ne nea ɛkeka ho), sika;
- mfaso a wɔpɛ sɛ wonya fi ade no so;
- sika a wɔde bɛto mu ho nsɛm (daa, a wɔahyɛ da ahyɛ da).
Sua nkrataa no yiye:
- ansa na wode wo nsa ahyɛ apam no ase no, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkenkan asiane ho mpaemuka no;
- sua apam no, hwehwɛ ɔkwan a wɔbɛfa so ne bere bɛn, tebea horow a ɛbɛma woatumi ayi sika no nyinaa anaa ne fã bi ankasa (wɔmfa sika a wɔde ahyɛ mu no nyɛ insurance!).
Sɛ nea ɔde ne sika ahyɛ mu no ani gye tebea horow no nyinaa ho a, wɔde wɔn nsa hyɛ apam no ase na wɔde sika gu akontaabu no mu. Apam no a wɔde wɔn nsa bɛhyɛ ase no betumi akɔ so wɔ akyirikyiri. Ɛho hia sɛ bere ne bere mu hwɛ amanneɛbɔ no mu, akontaabu no tebea, susuw sika dodow a brokers a wɔwɔ stock exchange no nya wɔ wo sikasɛm mu nkitahodi mu no ho. Sɛ nea ɔrehwehwɛ mmoa no susuw sɛ ɔpanyin no nhyehyɛe no nyɛ nea ɛfata a, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔka ɔkwan a wɔbɛfa so adan akɔ towtua a eye kɛse so no ho asɛm.
Awiei: aguadifo ani gye ho sɛ wɔn a wɔde wɔn sika hyɛ mu no di gua mpɛn pii. Wɔn sika a wonya no gyina nkitahodi dodow a wɔyɛ so koraa.
Wɔ Russia gua so no, nnwumakuw a wɔtɔn nneɛma a agye din sen biara no gye nnwuma a wɔntaa nyɛ no ɔha biara mu nkyem kakraa bi. Nanso sɛ nea ɔretɔ nneɛma no de nsi redi gua, na wɔde nnwuma ahorow ba awiei wɔ sika pii ho a, ɛnde sika a wɔde bɛma no betumi ayɛ nea ɛho hia kɛse. Nneɛma foforo a wɔyɛ no ma wɔn a wɔkra nneɛma no dɔɔso, na ɛno nti na sika a wɔtɔn no kɔ soro. Ɔdetɔnfo a onya mfaso sen biara wɔ Russia mpo yɛ adwuma de nya, nea edi kan koraa no, n’ankasa mfaso, na nea ɛto so abien no, ɛma nea ɔde ne sika hyɛ mu no nya so mfaso. Ɛwom sɛ ɛyɛ afɛfo dodow ne nnwuma a ɔyɛe no nti pɛpɛɛpɛ na wɔhyehyɛ ne sika a onya nyinaa de. Adwuma titiriw a broker no yɛ ne sɛ ɔbɛhwehwɛ “sika kɔkɔɔ kwan”, atwetwe adetɔfo a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ aguadi mu denneennen, ama wɔanya sika a ɛyɛ den, sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yiye a, na wanya wɔn sika a ɛfata.
