Bw’ogeraageranya n’omwaka gwa 2020, omuwendo gwa bamusigansimbi ku Moscow Exchange gweyongedde emirundi egisukka mu esatu. Bakasitoma bangi batandisi abatamanyi bulungi katale k’emigabo era nga bakola ne ba broker.
Ani broker era afuna atya
Broker muntu wa mateeka oba ow’obutonde akola emirimu gy’ebyensimbi ku lwa kasitoma era ku ssente ze. Ku mpeereza eziweebwa, afuna akakiiko, omuwendo gwako ne guteekebwawo mu ndagaano ekoleddwa ne kasitoma. Broker, okusinziira ku mateeka ga Russian Federation, alina okuba ne layisinsi okuva mu Bbanka Enkulu. Ng’oggyeeko olukusa lw’okukola emirimu gya brokerage omukulu, wayinza okubaawo layisinsi z’emirimu gya diiru n’okutereka, okuddukanya eby’obugagga n’ebirala. Olukalala lw’abakugu abakkirizibwa Bbanka Enkulu osobola okulusanga ku mukutu gwa regulator. Omulimu (omulimu) gwa broker gufugibwa nnyo mu mateeka. Abamu ku batandisi batabulatabula endowooza za broker ne trader. Omusuubuzi muntu wa bwannannyini, ku nsimbi za kapito we, yeenyigira mu kutunda, okugula eby’obugagga. Naye okuva abantu ssekinnoomu (abatalina layisinsi) bwe batasobola kugula, okukola emirimu ku katale k’emigabo, era beetaaga omutabaganya omutongole – okusinga omusuubuzi akola amagoba. 
Gy’okoma okukola emirimu mingi, broker gy’akoma okufuna akasiimo akangi – kino kikulu okutegeera lwaki kya mugaso eri broker nti osuubula ennyo.
Ba broker abasinga okwettanirwa (soma agafunamu) mu Russia okutuuka ku nkomerero ya 2021:
| Ba Brokers Abamanyiddwa ennyo | Omuwendo | Ssente z’okutunda ebintu | Okuddaabiriza (omwezi) . | Empeereza y’okutereka ebintu |
| Tinkoff nga bwe kiri | “Omusuubuzi”. | 0.025 – 0.05% ebitundu . | 290 okusiiga. | ya bwereere |
| Tinkoff nga bwe kiri | “Omusiga nsimbi”. | 0.3% . | ya bwereere | ya bwereere |
| VTB | “Eyange ku yintaneeti”. | 0.05% . | ya bwereere | ya bwereere |
| VTB | “Omutindo gw’ekikugu”. | 0.015 – 0.0472% ebitundu 0.015%. | ya bwereere | 150 okusiiga. |
| BCS Ensi y’okusiga ensimbi | “Omusuubuzi”. | 0.01 – 0.03% ebitundu . | 299 okusiiga. | ya bwereere |
| BCS Ensi y’okusiga ensimbi | “Omusiga nsimbi”. | 0.1% . | ya bwereere | ya bwereere |
| Bbanka ya Alfa | “Ebisale M”. | 0.015 – 0.07% ebitundu . | 290 okusiiga. | ya bwereere |
| Bbanka ya Alfa | “Ebisale S”. | 0.03% . | ya bwereere | ya bwereere |
| Sberbank nga bwe kiri | “Omusiga nsimbi”. | 0.018 – 0.3% ebitundu . | ya bwereere | ya bwereere |
Omusigansimbi atadde ssente mu migabo n’alinda omuwendo gwagwo okulinnya tafunamu era tanyumira maneja. Enyingiza gy’ekoma okubeera ennene ku bintu by’akola, gy’akoma okufuna ssente ennyingi!
Obukiiko bwa broker obusinga okukola amagoba – fact oba fiction?
Mu butuufu, obusuulu obukola amagoba eri kasitoma bumala butabeerawo. Mu ngeri yonna, omusigansimbi ajja kusasula maneja so si kituufu okuva mu magoba. Enyingiza ya broker terimu magoba ga kasitoma, wabula omuwendo gw’emirimu egikolebwa ku akawunti.
Broker si mukwano gwa yinvesita, tekimukwatako oba okutunda kwabadde kwa magoba. Ajja kufuna ssente ze ezikakasibwa mu mbeera yonna!
Okuwola ssente ku migatte
Okuvuganya okusingawo mu butale bw’emigabo kuziyiza okukula kw’emisolo, ekitegeeza nti kizibu nnyo okukola ssente nga broker. Okwongera ku bungi bw’emirimu egikolebwa bamusigansimbi, ba broker bawaayo okuwola ssente mu ngeri ey’enjawulo. Ssente enkalu oba emigabo gifulumizibwa ku nsimbi za broker oba bakasitoma abalala ze bateekamu ssente. Ebbanja ng’eryo libeera n’omusingo olw’eby’obugagga by’omusigansimbi. Omuwendo gwa margin gutera okusukka omuwendo gw’omusingo. Enkola y’okuyunga ebbanja erya margin mu ngeri ey’otoma eriwo mu nteekateeka nnyingi ez’emisolo. Singa tewabaawo bintu bimala okumaliriza okutunda, ssente endala ziyingizibwa mu ngeri ey’otoma. N’ekyavaamu, ba broker bafuna amagoba gaabwe ku looni nga baleeta kapito waabwe, wamu n’amagoba ag’enjawulo ku nkolagana. Singa ssente z’okuteeka ssente ziggyibwa ku akawunti za bakasitoma abalala, olwo basasulwa omuwendo ogutakka wansi wa 0, . 05% buli mwaka. Omugaso gwa ‘double brokerage’ gweyolekera ddala. Okugeza, VTB Bank egaba margin (cash) loan mu rubles ku muwendo gwa 16.8% buli mwaka (LONG – long position), mu ssente z’ebweru – 4.5%. Banka Okuggulawo okuva ku 16%, mu ssente z’ebweru okuva ku 3.7% (okusinziira ku nteekateeka y’emisolo n’obukuumi). Securities margin loan (REPO) – VTB Bank (SHORT – ekifo ekimpi) – 13% mu rubles, mu ssente z’ebweru – 4.5%. Ebiseera ebisinga REPO efulumizibwa ku kifo ekimpi.
Okuwola ssente ku mikutu gya yintaneeti (margin lending) kye kimu ku bintu ebirala ebikola amagoba, ebivaamu amagoba mu by’obusuubuzi. Kizuuka nti maneja awa looni ya margin, n’agifunamu amagoba ge, amagoba ag’enjawulo ku nkolagana, era emirimu gino gyonna gikuumibwa eby’obugagga bya kasitoma.
Obumpi
Short (ebifo ebimpi oba okutunda) mpeereza endala eweebwa ba broker okusobola okufuna ssente endala. Omuze (okusuubira) kw’emigabo egimu bwe gigwa, omusigansimbi asalawo okugitunda. Maneja asobola okuwa amagezi, okwewola emigabo, okugitunda, ate bbeeyi yaago bw’eyongera okukka, n’addamu okugigula. Enjawulo okuva ku nkolagana ng’eyo ejja kuba ssente omusigansimbi z’afuna. Broker ajja kufuna emigabo gye ng’okusasula looni + amagoba g’okutunda. Singa emigabo gikula mu bbeeyi, olwo kasitoma ajja kuba alina okugula eby’ebbeeyi, obukuumi bw’okutunda ng’okwo bye by’obugagga bye. Ani broker era akola ki ku exchange: https://youtu.be/9-MfgQCTxJo
Ebintu Ebiteekebwamu Ensimbi
Ebintu ebiwedde bye biteekebwamu eby’omu makkati wakati w’abo abetongodde oba abeesigika. Kasitoma asobola okulonda eby’obugagga by’anaateekamu, omutindo gw’amagoba n’akabi, n’ebisaanyizo.
Enzirukanya y’obwesige kiragiro eri broker okuddukanya mu bujjuvu eby’obugagga. Mu ngeri entuufu, ekisanja ky’okuddukanya obwesige kiba kya myaka 3. Kyeyoleka lwatu nti okufuna ssente zeesigamye ddala ku maneja era tekikakasibwa eri omusigansimbi.
Obutafaananako broker, ssente z’akakiiko ezikakasibwa okuddukanya eby’obugagga ne ku buli nkolagana ekolebwa yinvesita, nga tafunye ssente, zijja kusasulwa maneja. Okusobola okusikiriza bakasitoma bangi, era nga n’olwekyo okwongera ku nkyukakyuka y’ensimbi, ba broker bakola ebintu ebipya eby’okusiga ensimbi. Nga bw’olaba, % y’ebirowoozo by’okusiga ensimbi bisinga nnyo % ku magoba gaabyo:
Engeri y’okukendeeza ku kufiirwa ng’osuubula ng’oyita mu broker – kisoboka
Nga tonnaba kuteeka bintu kukola ku katale k’emigabo, olina okusoma akatale k’ebyensimbi. Okukola ku katale k’emigabo, okusookera ddala, teweetaaga asinga kukola magoba, wabula broker eyesigika okuteeka ssente. Okusobola okukolagana obulungi ne maneja, olina okusalawo:
- eby’obugagga ki eby’okuteekamu (bondi, sitoowa, n’ebirala), ssente;
- amagoba agaagala ag’ekintu ekyo;
- ebisanja by’okusiga ensimbi (eby’olubeerera, ebigere).
Weekenneenye n’obwegendereza ebiwandiiko:
- nga tonnaba kussa mukono ku ndagaano, kakasa nti osoma ekirangiriro ky’akabi;
- soma endagaano, omanye engeri ne ddi, obukwakkulizo bw’okuggyayo ddala ssente zonna oba ekitundu ku nsimbi (ebiteekeddwamu tebirina yinsuwa!).
Singa omusigansimbi aba mumativu n’obukwakkulizo bwonna, endagaano eteekebwako omukono era ssente ne ziteekebwa ku akawunti. Okussa omukono ku ndagaano kuyinza okubaawo okuva ewala. Kyetaagisa okukebera buli luvannyuma lwa kiseera lipoota, embeera ya akawunti, okulowooza ku ssente ba broker ku katale k’emigabo ze bafuna ku nkolagana yo ey’ebyensimbi. Singa kasitoma alowooza nti enkola ya maneja si ya bwenkanya, eky’okukyusa okudda ku musolo omulungi ennyo kisaana okuteesebwako.
Okumaliriza: ba broker baagala nnyo bamusigansimbi okusuubula ennyo. Enyingiza yaabwe esinziira ddala ku muwendo gwa ddiiru ezikoleddwa.
Ku katale k’e Russia, kkampuni ezisinga okwettanirwa ez’okutunda ebintu zitwala obutundutundu ku bitundu 100 ku 100 eby’ebintu ebitatera kukolebwa. Naye singa kasitoma aba asuubula nnyo, era n’okutunda ne kuggwa ku ssente ennyingi, olwo akakiiko kayinza okuba ak’amaanyi. Okukola ebintu ebipya kyongera ku bakasitoma, era nga kye kiva kikyusa ssente. Ne broker asinga okukola amagoba mu Russia akola okufuna, okusookera ddala, omugaso gwe, ate ekyokubiri okuganyula yinvesita. Wadde nga ddala olw’omuwendo gwa bakasitoma n’emirimu gy’akola, ssente ze zonna awamu ze zikolebwa. Omulimu omukulu ogwa broker kwe kunoonya “golden mean”, okusikiriza bakasitoma abasuubula ennyo, okubawa enyingiza ennywevu, bwe kiba kisoboka, n’okufuna ssente zaabwe ezituufu.
