Xa kuthelekiswa no-2020, inani labatyali-mali kwi-Moscow Exchange liphindwe kathathu. Uninzi lwabathengi ngabaqalayo abangazi kakuhle kwimarike yemasheya kwaye basebenza nabarhwebi.
Ngubani umrhwebi kwaye urhola njani
Umrhwebi ngumntu osemthethweni okanye wendalo owenza iintengiselwano zemali egameni kunye nangeendleko zomthengi. Ngeenkonzo ezinikezelweyo, ufumana ikhomishini, isixa esisekwe kwisivumelwano esigqitywe kunye nomxhasi. Umrhwebi, ngokuhambelana nomthetho weRussian Federation, kufuneka abe nelayisenisi evela kwiBhanki Ephakathi. Ukongeza kwimvume yokusebenza ye-brokerage esisiseko, kunokubakho iilayisensi kumthengisi kunye nemisebenzi yediphozithi, ulawulo lwempahla, njl. Uluhlu lweengcali ezivunyiweyo yiBhanki Ephakathi lunokufumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yomlawuli. Umsebenzi (umsebenzi) we-broker ulawulwa ngokungqongqo ngumthetho. Abanye abaqalayo babhidanisa iimbono zomthengisi kunye nomthengisi. Umrhwebi ngumntu wabucala othi, ngeendleko zenkunzi yakhe, abandakanyeke ekuthengisweni, ekuthengeni impahla. Kodwa ekubeni abantu (ngaphandle kwelayisensi) abanako ukubhida, ukwenza intengiselwano kwi-stock exchange, nabo bafuna umthetheleli osemthethweni – ngokukhethekileyo i-broker enenzuzo. 
Ikhomishini yokuthengisa
Iikomishoni zokuthengiselana zihluke kubathengi abahlukeneyo, ngaphezu koko, umrhumo unokuhlawuliswa ukugcinwa kwe-akhawunti, iinkonzo zediphozithi (ukugcinwa kwezibambiso). I-stock exchange ithatha ikhomishini eyongezelelweyo, engabandakanywa kwimali yekhomishini yomphathi. Xa kuthelekiswa namazwe angaphandle, ngakumbi iUnited States, kukho iikhomishini ezimiselweyo, ezihlawulwa kwiphepha elahlukileyo. Kwi-Russian Federation, imeko iyahluka, kwintengiselwano nganye umxhasi uya kuhlawula umrhumo wekhomishini. 
Okukhona usenza urhwebo ngakumbi, kokukhona ikhomishini ifumana i-broker – oku kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukuba kutheni kuluncedo kumthengisi ukuba umrhweba kakhulu.
Abona bathengisi badumileyo (bafunde inzuzo) eRussia ngasekupheleni kuka-2021:
| Abarhwebi abadumileyo | Ixabiso | Umrhumo wentengiselwano | Ugcino (inyanga) | Iinkonzo zogcino |
| Tinkoff | “Umrhwebi” | 0.025 – 0.05% | 290 rub. | simahla |
| Tinkoff | “Umtyalimali” | 0.3% | simahla | simahla |
| VTB | “I-Intanethi yam” | 0.05% | simahla | simahla |
| VTB | “Umgangatho wobuNgcali” | 0.015 – 0.0472% | simahla | 150 rub. |
| BCS World of Investment | “Umrhwebi” | 0.01 – 0.03% | 299 rub. | simahla |
| BCS World of Investment | “Umtyalimali” | 0.1% | simahla | simahla |
| Alfa Bank | “Umrhumo M” | 0.015 – 0.07% | 290 rub. | simahla |
| Alfa Bank | “Umrhumo S” | 0.03% | simahla | simahla |
| Sber Bank | “Umtyalimali” | 0.018 – 0.3% | simahla | simahla |
Umtyalo-mali otyalomali kwizabelo kwaye ulindele ukuba ixabiso labo liphakame alikho inzuzo kwaye alinamdla kumphathi. Okukhona isanda ingeniso kwintengiselwano, kokukhona uba mkhulu umvuzo wakhe!
Iikomishini ze-broker ezinenzuzo kakhulu-yinyani okanye intsomi?
Enyanisweni, iikomishini ezinenzuzo kumxhasi azikho nje. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, umtyalo-mali uya kuhlawula umphathi kwaye kungekhona kwinzuzo. Ingeniso yomthengisi ayiquki inzuzo yomthengi, kodwa inani lemisebenzi eyenziwa kwi-akhawunti.
Umrhwebi akayena umhlobo kumtyalo-mali, akukhathaliseki kuye ukuba intengiselwano yayinenzuzo. Uya kufumana umrhumo wakhe oqinisekisiweyo kuyo nayiphi na imeko!
Umda wokuboleka imali
Ukhuphiswano olukhulu kwiimarike zemasheya lubambe ukukhula kweerhafu, oko kuthetha ukuba kunzima ukwenza imali njengomthengisi. Ukwandisa umthamo wentengiselwano eyenziwa ngabatyali-mali, abarhwebi banikezela ngokuboleka umda. Imali okanye izibambiso zikhutshwa ngeendleko zotyalo-mali lomthengisi okanye lwabanye abathengi. Imali-mboleko enjalo ikhuselwe yimpahla yomtyali-mali. Isixa somda ngokuqhelekileyo sidlula isixa sesibambiso. Inketho yokudibanisa ngokuzenzekelayo imboleko yomda ikhona kwiiplani ezininzi zeerhafu. Ukuba akukho mpahla yaneleyo yokugqiba intengiselwano, iimali ezongezelelweyo zingeniswa ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngenxa yoko, abarhwebi bafumana inzala yabo kwimali-mboleko ngokuzisa inkunzi yabo, kunye nenzala eyongezelelweyo yentengiselwano. Ukuba imali yotyalo-mali ithathwa kwiiakhawunti zabanye abathengi, ngoko bahlawulwa ubuncinci be-0, 05% ngonyaka. Inzuzo ye-brokerage kabini icacile. Ngokomzekelo, iBhanki ye-VTB inikeza i-margin (imali) mboleko kwi-ruble ngesantya se-16.8% ngonyaka (i-LONG – isikhundla eside), ngemali yangaphandle – i-4.5%. Ukuvulwa kweBhanki ukusuka kwi-16%, ngemali yangaphandle ukusuka kwi-3.7% (kuxhomekeke kwisicwangciso serhafu kunye nokhuseleko). I-securities margin loan (REPO) – iBhanki ye-VTB (i-SHORT – isikhundla esifutshane) – i-13% kwii-ruble, ngemali yangaphandle – 4,5%. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-REPO ikhutshwa kwisithuba esifutshane.
Ukubolekwa komda yenye intshukumo enengeniso, enengeniso yorhwebo. Kuvela ukuba umphathi ubonelela ngemboleko-mali ye-margin, ufumana inzala yakhe kuyo, inzala eyongezelelweyo kwintengiselwano, kwaye yonke le misebenzi ikhuselwe yimpahla yomthengi.
Mfutshane
Mfutshane (izikhundla ezimfutshane okanye iintengiso) yenye inkonzo ebonelelwa ngabarhwebi ngengeniso eyongezelelweyo. Xa umkhwa (okulindelekileyo) wokuwa kwezabelo ezithile, umtyalo-mali unquma ukuzithengisa. Umphathi anganika iingcebiso, aboleke izabelo, azithengise, kwaye xa ixabiso labo lehla ngakumbi, uzithenge kwakhona. Umahluko kwintengiselwano enjalo iya kuba yingeniso yomtyali-mali. Umrhwebi uya kufumana izabelo zakhe njengembuyekezo yemali-mboleko + inzala yentengiselwano. Ukuba izabelo zikhula ngexabiso, ngoko umxhasi uya kufuneka athenge ixabiso eliphezulu, ukhuseleko lwentengiselwano enjalo yimpahla yakhe. Ngubani umrhwebi kwaye wenza ntoni kutshintshiselwano: https://youtu.be/9-MfgQCTxJo
Iimveliso zoTyalo-mali
Iimveliso ezigqityiweyo lutyalo-mali oluphakathi phakathi kwabazimeleyo okanye abathembekileyo. Umxhasi unokukhetha ukuba yeyiphi i-asethi oza kutyala kuyo, inqanaba lenzuzo kunye nomngcipheko, kunye nemimiselo.
Ulawulo lwetrasti ngumyalelo kumthengisi ukuba alawule ngokupheleleyo ii-asethi. Ngokwesiqhelo, ixesha lolawulo lokuthembakala yiminyaka emi-3. Kucacile ukuba ukufunyanwa kwengeniso kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kumphathi kwaye akuqinisekiswanga kumtyalo-mali.
Ngokungafaniyo nomthengisi, intlawulo yekhomishini eqinisekisiweyo yolawulo lwempahla kunye nentengiselwano nganye eyenziwa ngumtyalo-mali, ngaphandle kokufumana ingeniso, iya kuhlawulwa kumphathi. Ukuze kutsalwe umdla wabathengi abaninzi, kwaye kungoko konyusa ingeniso yemali, abathengisi baphuhlisa iimveliso zotyalo-mali ezintsha. Njengoko ubona, i-% yeengcamango zotyalo-mali ziphezulu kakhulu kune-% yenzuzo yazo:
Indlela yokunciphisa ilahleko xa uthengisa nge-broker – ngaba kunokwenzeka
Ngaphambi kokuba wenze utyalo-mali lwe-asethi ukuze usebenze kwi-stock exchange, kufuneka ufunde imarike yezemali. Ukusebenza kwimarike yemasheya, okokuqala, awudingi eyona nzuzo inkulu, kodwa umthengisi othembekileyo kutyalo-mali. Ukusebenzisana okufanelekileyo nomphathi, kufuneka wenze isigqibo:
- yeyiphi impahla oza kuyityala kuyo (iibhondi, izitokhwe, njl.), imali;
- inzuzo enqwenelekayo yemveliso;
- imiqathango yotyalo-mali (engunaphakade, esisigxina).
Funda ngononophelo amaxwebhu:
- ngaphambi kokusayina isivumelwano, qiniseka ukuba ufunda isibhengezo somngcipheko;
- funda ikhontrakthi, fumanisa ukuba njani kwaye nini, iimeko zokurhoxisa yonke okanye inxalenye yemali (utyalo-mali aluqinisekiswanga!).
Ukuba umtyalo-mali wanelisekile yiyo yonke imiqathango, isivumelwano sisayinwe kwaye imali ifakwe kwi-akhawunti. Ukusayinwa kwekhontrakthi kunokwenziwa kude. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ngamaxesha athile ujonge ingxelo, imeko ye-akhawunti, uthathele ingqalelo ukuba bangakanani na abarhwebi kwi-stock exchange abafumana kwiintengiselwano zakho zemali. Ukuba umxhasi ucinga ukuba isicwangciso somphathi asinakuthetheleleka, ukhetho lokutshintshela kuluhlu lweerhafu olulunge ngakumbi kufuneka kuxoxwe ngalo.
Isiphelo: abarhwebi banomdla kubatyali-mali abarhweba ngakumbi nangakumbi. Umvuzo wabo uxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwinani lezivumelwano ezenziweyo.
Kwiimarike zaseRashiya, iinkampani ezidume kakhulu zokuthengisa zithatha amaqhezu epesenti yeentengiselwano ezingaqhelekanga ukuba zenziwe. Kodwa ukuba umxhasi uthengisa ngokusebenzayo, kwaye ukuthengiselana kugqitywa ngeemali ezinkulu, ngoko ikhomishini inokubaluleka. Ukuphuhliswa kweemveliso ezintsha kwandisa isiseko somthengi, kwaye ngoko ke ukuguqulwa kweemali. Nangona umthengisi onenzuzo kakhulu eRashiya usebenza ukufumana, okokuqala, inzuzo yakhe, kwaye okwesibini inzuzo yomtyali-mali. Nangona ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yenani labathengi kunye nokuthengiselana okwenziwa nguye ukuba ingeniso yakhe epheleleyo yenziwe. Umsebenzi oyintloko womthengisi kukufumana “intsingiselo yegolide”, ukutsala abathengi abathengisa ngokusebenzayo, babonelele ngengeniso ezinzileyo, ukuba kunokwenzeka, kwaye bafumane imali yabo esemthethweni.
