Iyini iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwephothifoliyo 2024

Kubantu abangu-90% emhlabeni wanamuhla, into ebalulekile nebalulekile ukugcinwa noma ukwanda kwezinsiza zezimali zamahhala. Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwenza ukutshalwa kwezimali okunenzuzo, kodwa eyodwa kuphela yezindlela ezidume kakhulu ukwakha iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwakheka kwayo, kuyadingeka ukwazi izici zenqubo. Inketho engcono kakhulu ukukhetha izibambiso ezinenzuzo kakhulu ngokwezezimali. Udinga futhi ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izikimu, izindlela nezindlela zokuyidala ezikhona.

Iyini iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali – uhlelo lokufundisa lwabaqalayo

Ngokwemiphumela yocwaningo ngesihloko sokutshalwa kwezimali, kwaziwa abaningi ukuthi inkolelo-mbono yesimanje yavela emuva ngo-1952 futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi iye yathuthukiswa futhi yathuthuka, ilungisa amaqiniso ezidingo kanye nesimo somnotho. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukukhetha, kuyadingeka ukuqonda yonke imininingwane yokuthi iyini iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali, yiziphi izici zayo. Iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali kufanele ithathwe njengesethi yamathuluzi ezezimali alula futhi asezingeni eliphezulu aletha imali engenayo ezinzile neqinisekisiwe kumnikazi wawo. Uma ukhetha inketho efanelekile, kunconywa ukuthi ucabangele isici esisodwa esibalulekile: amaphothifoliyo okutshala izimali angase ahluke ngokwezinga lengozi. Kudingeka futhi ucabangele ukuthi yiziphi izibikezelo zenzuzo abanazo, yiziphi izimo zokutshala izimali abazinikezayo. Ngokukhetha isethi efanele yezimpahla, umtshali-zimali (angase abe umuntu ojwayelekile) uzokwazi ukusebenzisa ngempumelelo isu lephothifoliyo elithuthukisiwe ukuze athole inani elithile lemali. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_12004” align = “aligncenter” wide = “450”]
I-Risk Curve[/caption]

Iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali yabaqalayo

I-investment portfolio yokuqala idinga ukuthi umtshali-zimali anake imininingwane eyahlukene ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa. Abaqalayo abafuna ukutshala izimali ngembuyiselo enkulu kakhulu badinga ukwazi ukuthi bangakha kanjani iphothifoliyo yokutshala izimali nokuthi imaphi amaphuzu okufanele banake ngokukhethekile. Ochwepheshe emkhakheni wokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nezezimali batusa ukukhetha indlela elandelayo yokwakhiwa kwephothifoliyo yokuqala yokutshala imali.

Ukuvula i-akhawunti ye-brokerage

Phakathi kokushintshisana nomuntu (umtshali-zimali) kuzoba nomxhumanisi –
umthengisi . Okokuqala, ngaphandle kwenkampani ye-brokerage, ngeke isebenze ukutshala imali ezibambiso. Okwesibili, umthengisi uzokusiza ukuthi ukhethe inketho yokutshala imali ephephile, uzokunika ithuba lokusebenzisa amathuluzi ezezimali adingekayo ekutshalweni kwezimali kanye / noma ukuhweba. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ezimweni eziningi abathengisi abayikhokhi imali yokuvula i-akhawunti, noma imali ingokomfanekiso kuphela. Kunconywa ukuthi uhlole ilayisensi yemisebenzi esigabeni sokuqala sokusebenzisana. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11940” align = “aligncenter” wide = “624”]
Isilinganiso sabathengi ngenombolo yamakhasimende [/ amazwibela] Ungabona ubuqiniso belayisense kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yeBhange LaseRussia. I-akhawunti evuliwe ingaba eyejwayelekile noma yomuntu ngamunye. Esimeni sesibili, umnikazi uthola izinzuzo zentela. Imali engenayo ikhawulelwe kuma-ruble angama-52,000 ngonyaka.

Ukwakhiwa okwengeziwe kwe-investment portfolio

Isakhiwo sephothifoliyo yokutshalwa kwezimali singalekelelwa ngamabhondi ahlukahlukene noma amasheya.
Nazi izincomo zilandelayo: udinga ukukhetha izilinganiso 20/20/60 currency-bonds-stocks. Uma amabhondi ethengwa, inkampani kufanele ibuyisele inani lezibambiso ngenani ezoba nalo ekupheleni kwesikhathi esishiwo. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_12002” align = “aligncenter” wide = “701”]
Isibonelo sokuhlanganisa iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali ebhalansisiwe [/ amazwibela] Inzuzo eyengeziwe iyinkokhelo yokusetshenziswa kwezimali. Isivuno samabhondi sifinyelela ku-9.5%. Izimali ezihlanganyelwe nazo zingafakwa esakhiweni se-investment portfolio. Izimali ezihlangene zinezimali ezivela kubatshalizimali abahlukene. Zihloselwe ukutholwa okulandelayo kwamasheya namabhondi, kanye nezindlu ezithengiswayo. Kwabaqalayo, kunconywa ukuthenga ingxenye yephothifoliyo – isabelo. Uma ukhetha ukukhetha amabhondi, umuntu kufanele acabangele ukuthi ayingozi kakhulu mayelana nokuntengantenga kwezimali. Udinga ukuzithola, ugcina imithetho yokwakhiwa kwephothifoliyo (unganikezi ngaphezu kwama-20% kubo).

Ama-chips aluhlaza kuphothifoliyo yokutshala imali

Iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali yabaqalayo kufanele ibe nama
-chips aluhlaza – amasheya aphethwe izinkampani ezinkulu ezisebenze kahle emakethe yamasheya. Amasheya anjalo ayithuluzi lezezimali elithembeke kakhulu. Lapha udinga ukucabangela ukuthi intengo yokuqala ye-share ingama-ruble angu-3000. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_3454″ align=”aligncenter” wide=”1137″]
Izingcaphuno ze-chip ye-Russian blue chip[/caption]

Ukwengeza izitoko zesigaba sesibili kuphothifoliyo yokutshala imali

Amasheya ezinkampani asuka “kwisigaba sesibili” – angakwazi ukwengeza isethi ekhona kakade yezibambiso. Isici: zikuvumela ukuthi uzuze okwengeziwe, kodwa izingozi zezimali kuleli cala ziyanda. Indlela yokuhlanganisa iphothifoliyo yokutshalwa kwezimali kwabaqalayo, yiziphi izitoko nezinye izibambiso okufanele zenziwe: https://youtu.be/qiwFndRDDM Abaqalayo kufanele bazi ukuthi kunomqondo “weholo lengozi” emakethe yamasheya. Ingqikithi yalo mkhuba ilandelayo: esimweni, isibonelo, ukuthenga ibhondi ebonisa isivuno se-10%, khona-ke amathuba okwenza inzuzo angaba ngu-90%. Ama-brokers azokusiza ukubala imbuyiselo kuphothifoliyo yakho yokutshala imali. Ukuze uqoqe inketho engcono kakhulu, kufanele uqale uphumelele ukuhlolwa kobungozi. Abadayisi baphinde bahlinzeke ngezibalo nezifundo zekhwalithi ephezulu. Esinye izincomo wukubuyekeza iphothifoliyo yonyaka. Ukudalwa okulungile kwephothifoliyo yokutshala izimali namuhla akusona isiqinisekiso sokuthi ngemva kwesikhashana ngeke kube nenzuzo encane. Ukuqinisekisa ngesikhathi kuzosiza ukugwema izinkinga. Isibonelo: Iphothifoliyo ehlanganisiwe iqukethe amabhondi angu-20%, izimali ezingu-20% kanye namasheya angu-60%. Phakathi nonyaka, amasheya abonise ukukhula – akhuphuka ngamanani futhi isabelo sawo kuphothifoliyo, ngokulandelana, sanda. Ukuze kugcinwe inzuzo, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqale uthengise ingxenye yamasheya, bese uthenge izimpahla ezengeziwe ngemali etholiwe. Ngale ndlela, kuzokwazi ukubuyisela ibhalansi yephothifoliyo yokutshala imali. Phakathi nonyaka, amasheya abonise ukukhula – akhuphuka ngamanani futhi isabelo sawo kuphothifoliyo, ngokulandelana, sanda. Ukuze kugcinwe inzuzo, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqale uthengise ingxenye yamasheya, bese uthenge izimpahla ezengeziwe ngemali etholiwe. Ngale ndlela, kuzokwazi ukubuyisela ibhalansi yephothifoliyo yokutshala imali. Phakathi nonyaka, amasheya abonise ukukhula – akhuphuka ngamanani futhi isabelo sawo kuphothifoliyo, ngokulandelana, sanda. Ukuze kugcinwe inzuzo, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqale uthengise ingxenye yamasheya, bese uthenge izimpahla ezengeziwe ngemali etholiwe. Ngale ndlela, kuzokwazi ukubuyisela ibhalansi yephothifoliyo yokutshala imali.

Ubungozi bephothifoliyo yokutshalwa kwezimali buncike ngokuqondile ekuhlukaniseni amadiphozithi abe yizingxenye ezinolaka nezingajwayelekile.

Isibonelo sokuqoqa amasheya ezinkampani ezaziwayo nabakhiqizi. Akudingekile ukugxila ezinkampanini zasekhaya, kungcono ukwehlukana:

Esinye isincomo kwabaqalayo ukuthi ukusetha imigomo yezezimali engafinyeleleka. Yingakho okuqukethwe kwezinketho ezahlukene zephothifoliyo kungase kuhluke. Ungavula ama-akhawunti amaningana ahlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa bese uwakha. Izibonelo:

1. I- akhawunti yomhlalaphansi . Ivulwa ngenhloso yokwenza imali eyengeziwe ngemva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi. Kulesi simo, kunconywa ukuba ukwenze ngesisekelo samasheya kanye nezibopho zezinkampani ezinkulu ezikwazi ukukhombisa ukubuyisela okuphezulu ngisho nangemva kweminyaka engu-15-20. Isibonelo: iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali ye-VTB noma i-Sberbank.
2. I-akhawunti yezingane – lapha udinga ukuzibekela umgomo othize: imfundo, ukuthenga indawo yokuhlala eminyakeni engu-10-15. Isici: ukwakheka kwenzeka kusetshenziswa isitokwe esinobungozi obukhulu (izinkampani zobuchwepheshe).
3. Izindleko zesimo esiphuthumayo zingenye inketho ye-akhawunti. Izinjongo zokuvula: ukuthengwa okuncane noma okuphakathi, ukulungisa, ukuhamba. Kungcono ukukhetha izibopho ezinokuvuthwa okufushane. Isivuno kanye nenani lalezi zibambiso kumele kwaziwe kusenesikhathi.

Isibonelo sokwakheka kwe-investment portfolio engaqala ngokushesha ukusebenzela umnikazi wayo:

Abasaqalayo ohlelweni lokwakhiwa kwamaphothifoliyo bangenza amaphutha athile. Ezimweni ezingu-90%, bafuna ukuyigcwalisa ngezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezimpahla ngesikhathi esisodwa. Abadayisi batusa ukunikeza okuncamelayo kule nketho:

• Amabhondi – 5 izinhlobo.
• Izimali – 5 izinhlobo.
• Amasheya enkampani – izinhlobo eziyi-10

Ukuhlanganisa iphothifoliyo yokutshalwa kwezimali yamasheya namabhondi – iphothifoliyo yama-ETF e-Moscow Exchange: https://youtu.be/HRwdC8eDAqA Amasheya kuphela akumele ancanywe, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kocwaningo olunzulu lwe-dynamics kanye nokuqonda kokuqala kwalokho okwenzekayo. emakethe manje. Uma usondela edabeni lokubunjwa kwephothifoliyo ngokungalungile, khona-ke izingozi zokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezimali zikhuphuka izikhathi ezingu-2-3. Ukuhweba ngemali yomthengisi nakho akunconywa kwabaqalayo. Ukuhweba nge-margin kuyinqubo yokuthenga izimpahla ngemali etholwe ngokuqondile kumthengisi. Njengoba engenaso isipiliyoni, umtshali-zimali uthatha izingozi, ngoba uma kwenzeka ukuthi ukuthengiselana kungaphumeleli, umthengisi unelungelo lokuvala izikhundla. Isibonelo lapho udinga ukulondoloza inani elibalulekile (lomhlalaphansi noma ukuthenga okukhulu):

Izimiso zokwenza iphothifoliyo yokutshala izimali – indlela yokwenza iphothifoliyo yokutshala izimali?

Kuyadingeka futhi ukunaka izimiso ezijwayelekile zokwenza iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali. Kubalulekile ukukwazi ukusetha kahle umgomo oyinhloko wezezimali. Umgomo wokwakheka uqukethe izigaba eziningana:

1. Cacisa inani nemibandela yokuqoqwa. Isibonelo, ama-ruble angu-4,500,000 iminyaka engu-2.5 ngokuthenga okulandelayo kwendlu yezwe.
2. Nquma ukuthi yimalini ezodonswa ngenyanga yokutshalwa kwezimali. Isibonelo, ama-5% omholo womlingani ngamunye. Lapha okuningi kuncike emgomweni obekwe ngaphambili. Indlela engcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa umshini wokubala ukubala ukuthi udinga ukulondoloza malini ngokuhlukanisa inani eliphelele ngenani lezinyanga.
3. Dlula umbhalo engcupheni. Kuzosiza ukucacisa ukuthi le nkomba iphakeme kangakanani. Ngenxa yalokho, kuzokwazi ukubala isakhiwo esifanele. Ukubunjwa kwephothifoliyo akuxhomekile kuphela olwazini olutholiwe, kodwa futhi nesimo somnotho kanye nenani lezinye izici okufanele zicatshangelwe.

Futhi, izigaba zokwenza iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali zifaka izinhlobo namasu okutshala imali. Ngemva kokudlula kuzo zonke lezi zinyathelo, ungakwazi ukuvula ama-akhawunti futhi uqoqe amafa.

Yini engafakwa ku-investment portfolio?

Njengoba ukutshalwa kwezimali kwephothifoliyo kuyisici sokutshala imali esakhiwe kahle, singaqukatha izingxenye ezihlukahlukene ezingaletha imali engenayo ethile kumnikazi wayo. Izinketho ezingenzeka lapho zingakhiwa khona zihlanganisa:

• Izibambiso ezihlukahlukene (amasheya, amabhondi).
• Amasheya ezimali zokutshalwa kwezimali.
• Imali (idola laseMelika, amaphawundi, i-euro, ne-yuan).
• Izinsimbi eziyigugu (igolide, isiliva neplatinamu).

Ukwengeza, ungatshala kumathuluzi ezezimali aphuma kokunye. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinketho noma
ikusasa . Uma izimali zivumela, khona-ke indawo ethengiswayo, kanye namadiphozithi ahlukahlukene, angafakwa kuphothifoliyo yokutshalwa kwezimali. Abathengi bahlukanisa esinye isigaba esikhethekile – amafa angaphandle. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinto zakudala, iwayini leqoqo. Okuyingozi – ukutshala imali ekuqaliseni nasekusungulweni okuhlukahlukene. Kuye ngesu elikhethiwe, ukwakheka kwephothifoliyo kuzoshintsha. Ungayenza kanjani iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali ka-2022, yiziphi izibambiso ongazithenga: https://youtu.be/qYWOBxXHUlI

Izinhlobo zamaphothifoliyo otshalomali

Iphothifoliyo ye-investment enenzuzo nenekhono ingaba yezinhlobo ezahlukene kuye ngenjongo yokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nesimo sangaphakathi nesimo somtshali-zimali. Yabela:

1. Iphothifoliyo enenzuzo noma enolaka . Umgomo wayo oyinhloko ukwenza inzuzo ephezulu. Isici: iyaguquguquka kakhulu. Kulesi simo, ukubunjwa kwakhiwa ngokuphelele kusuka ezitokisini ezinenkomba enkulu yamandla okukhula esikhathini esizayo. Inselele iwukudlula i-Moscow Exchange Index. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11991″ align=”aligncenter” wide=”450″] Iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali enolaka[/caption]
2. Iphothifoliyo yendawo yonke noma ebhalansile . Ukwakheka kwayo kuhloswe ukuhlinzeka ngezinga elimaphakathi lokukhula. Inokumelana okuphezulu nokuntengantenga kwezimakethe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuhlukahluka okubanzi ngesigaba sempahla kanye nemali esetshenziswayo.
3. Iphothifoliyo elondolozayo ihlose ukuthola imbuyiselo encane, kodwa ngobuncane bengcuphe.

Ukusatshalaliswa ngezigaba eziyinhloko zempahla kuphothifoliyo yendawo yonke yesikhathi esimaphakathi neyesikhathi eside kungahluka. Kufanele futhi ucabangele ukuthi iphothifoliyo yokutshalwa kwezimali ingahlukaniswa ngezinkomba zokukhula (ingasetshenziswa njengesibonelo sokwakheka):

• Simple – ukwakheka kuhlanganisa izibambiso ezihlukahlukene. Uma zikhula, inani lephothifoliyo ngokwalo liyanda.
• Ukukhula okuphezulu – kwakhiwe izibambiso zalezo zinkampani ezibonisa ukukhula okusheshayo nokuqhubekayo.
• Ukukhula okulingene – ukwakheka kubandakanya izibambiso zezinhlangano ezinezinkomba zokukhula okusimeme.
• Ubude obumaphakathi – kungase kube namaphepha ahlukene.

[i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11996″ align=”aligncenter” width=”831″]
Investment portfolio[/caption] Ray Dalio investment portfolio – 5 ETFs azothatha indawo yayo yonke enye into: https://youtu.be/lECIUvQuf5s Okuthile okufana nalokhu kubukeka kanjalo:
Amaphothifoliyo emali engenayo, nawo, ahlukaniswe abe yizinhlobo ezilandelayo: imali engenayo engapheli (izingozi ezincane kanye nesilinganiso sokubuyiselwa kwezimali), imali engenayo ephezulu – izinga lezingozi liphakathi, inzuzo iphezulu. Amaphothifoliyo enhlanganisela ayatholakala. Kulokhu, ingxenye yezimpahla ezikhona yenza inzuzo. Lokhu kungenxa yokukhuphuka kwamanani entengo. Enye ingxenye, ngokuthola izabelo nenzalo, nayo iletha iphesenti elithile lenzuzo yezezimali. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lapho inani lengxenye ethile yezimpahla lincipha, khona-ke isinxephezelo sokulahlekelwa senziwa ngokukhuphula inani lezinye izingxenye zephothifoliyo yokutshalwa kwezimali. Iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali kaWarren Buffett – isibonelo esisebenzayo sokuhlanganisa iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali: https://youtu.be/tGKvSoxJnoQ

Izinketho zokuqoqwa kwephothifoliyo kuye ngokuthi isikhathi, izinhloso kanye nezinye izinkomba

Uma ufuna ukuthola imali eyengeziwe eqinisekisiwe, udinga ukwazi kusengaphambili ukuthi ungawakha kanjani iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali enezingozi ezincane kusukela ekuqaleni futhi ugweme amaphutha. Phakathi kwezinketho akukho okukodwa futhi jikelele kubo bonke abangaba abatshalizimali. Umuntu ngamunye ukhetha ukwakheka komuntu ngamunye, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukubikezela kusengaphambili ukuthi isimo sizoba yini emnothweni nasemkhakheni wezezimali. Izinketho zokuqoqa zincike esikhathini. Lapho kukhethwa izibambiso, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi isikhathi eside sokutshala izimali, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuncane kumasheya kuncike ekushintsheni kwesikhathi esifushane kumanani emakethe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inkomba yemali engenayo engaba khona nayo incike ezinkomba zesikhathi. Uma ukhetha inketho yokugcwalisa ngamabhondi, isimo sizoba kanje: isikhathi eside esikhishwe ngaso, okungabikezelwa kancane yimbuyiselo. Abathengi batusa ukukhetha le nketho uma ufuna ukuxazulula imisebenzi yesikhashana futhi ubeke imigomo eyinkimbinkimbi. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_12003” align = “aligncenter” wide = “623”]
Izinhlobo zezingozi ekwakhekeni kwephothifoliyo yokutshala imali – emaphakathi, ebhalansile, enolaka [/ amazwibela]

Isibonelo sephothifoliyo yokutshala imali yonyaka

Isibonelo sokuqoqwa (ithemu – unyaka ongu-1, isivuno – cishe ama-ruble angama-50,000): izibopho ze-ruble. Ngezinjongo zesikhathi esifushane (isibonelo, ukuhamba, ukuthenga izinto zikagesi zasendlini), kungcono ukwakha iphothifoliyo ikakhulukazi kusuka kumabhondi ngokuvuthwa okungaba unyaka. Lokhu kubalulekile, ngoba umuntu uzokwazi kusengaphambili inani eliqondile (kufika kumakhulu ama-ruble) elingatholwa ekugcineni. Kuyingozi ukuthenga amasheya esikhashana, ngoba uma kwenzeka ukuwa, cishe akunakwenzeka ukubuyisela ngokushesha izinkomba. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ungathenga amasheya ngenani elingekho ngaphezu kuka-10% yenani kanye nenani eliphelele lephothifoliyo yokutshala imali. Ngosizo lomthengisi, ungathenga iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali esenziwe ngomumo. Ingabuye ihlanganiswe ku-inthanethi.

Isibonelo sephothifoliyo yokutshala imali iminyaka engu-3-5

Enye inketho: isikhathi esimisiwe kuleli cala iminyaka engu-3-5. Lapha ungakwazi ukunikeza okuthandayo kokubili amabhondi namasheya. Isabelo sokuba khona kwabo kuphothifoliyo ngu-50/50 noma 40/60. Isici: uma isikhathi eside, isabelo samasheya siba sikhulu kuphothifoliyo. Lapha udinga ukunaka ukuthi udinga ukwandisa inkomba yenani lamasheya ngokulingana nesikhathi. Ucwaningo emkhakheni wezomnotho lubonisa ukuthi amasheya azoqala ukwenza inzuzo esikhathini seminyaka engu-5-10. Iphothifoliyo yokutshalwa kwezimali ebhalansile Izibonelo zamaphothifoliyo okutshalwa kwezimali abhalansisiwe: Ezinye zezimali kufanele zitshalwe ezindaweni ezithengiswayo, ezinye kwezobuciko noma ezinsimbi eziyigugu. Isakhiwo simi kanje: 25% ngayinye yamasheya namabhondi, izikhwama zezindlu 15%, ezinye izindlela 20% nezinsimbi eziyigugu 15%. Iphothifoliyo yokutshalwa kwezimali: ingxenye efanele yesitoko namabhondi: https://youtu.be/seS4gI3oLqY Iphothifoliyo engu-50/50 yakhiwe kalula nje: amasheya namabhondi afakiwe ngamanani alinganayo. Isici – uhlobo ngalunye lwezibambiso kufanele luhlukaniswe ngesiRashiya nakwamanye amazwe futhi ngenani lama-50/50. Ungakwazi futhi ukuvikela ukutshalwa kwezimali uma uthenga izibambiso ezihlukile ngokwemibandela yobungozi nembuyiselo. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11999” align = “aligncenter” wide = “802”]
Iphothifoliyo ye-investimenti ehlukahlukene [/ amazwibela] Uma ukwakheka kusekelwe ekutshalweni kwezimali, lolu hlobo lwephothifoliyo lungase lubukeke kanje:

Imibuzo nezimpendulo

Iyiphi iphothifoliyo engcono kakhulu yokutshala imali? Lolu uhlobo lwenketho evumelanayo ehlangabezana nezinhloso, izinjongo kanye nokulindelwe. Inketho yesu ikhethwa ngokusekelwe esimweni somnotho, inkomba yezinga lobungozi kanye nezincomo zomthengisi. Kudingekile ukunikeza okuthandwayo izibambiso zezinkampani ezinkulu namabhizinisi angakwazi ukumelana nokubonakaliswa okuningi okungalungile emakethe.
Iyini i-direct and portfolio investment?Esimweni sokuqala, kuyisiko ukukhuluma ngokutshala izimali eziqala ukusebenza ngokushesha. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwephothifoliyo kunzima kakhulu, njengoba kuklanyelwe umphumela wesikhathi eside. Ezimweni eziningi, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwephothifoliyo kuyahluka ekutshalweni kwephothifoliyo okuqondile ngokwevolumu. Amathuluzi okutshala imali ephothifoliyo: izibambiso zezikweletu (okungafaki amabhondi kuphela, kodwa namanothi esithembiso), kanye namasheya. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwephothifoliyo kubalwa isikhathi esifushane kunaleyo eqondile. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi banemali eningi. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwephothifoliyo kuhloswe ngayo ukwenza inzuzo, eyenziwa ngokuthola inzalo noma izabelo. Kufanele futhi kucatshangelwe ukuthi umtshali-zimali akabeki njengomsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi noma iphrojekthi ethile lapho izimali zakhe zitshalwa khona. Iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali iyindlela yesimanje yokuphindaphinda izimali ezitshaliwe. Umtshali-zimali onquma ukwenza inketho enenzuzo kufanele avule ukuze afunde isimo somnotho hhayi ezweni kuphela, kodwa nasemhlabeni. Kuzodingeka enze umsebenzi ophelele futhi onekhono ngezigaba ezahlukene zemakethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzodinga amasu acatshangelwe kahle. Ngale njongo, ukukhethwa ngokucophelela kwezimpahla kwenziwa, okuhlanganisa izinketho eziningana. Kufanele bahlangabezane nezikhathi ezimisiwe nemigomo. Uma zonke izigaba zenziwa ngokuhambisana nemithetho, khona-ke iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali izoba nenzuzo. Azikho izingozi zomtshali-zimali kuleli cala. Uma singazinaki izinkomba zangempela zomnotho, ukulahlekelwa kungaba okukhulu. Abathengi bangakusiza ukhethe inketho engcono kakhulu. Kunconywa ukuthi uxhumane nabo ngaphambi kokuthenga amasheya,