Niki portfolio ishoramari, ishoramari rya portfolio 2024

Ku bantu 90% ku isi ya none, ikintu cy’ingenzi kandi gikomeye ni ukubungabunga cyangwa kongera umutungo w’amafaranga ku buntu. Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo gushora imari ibyara inyungu, ariko bumwe gusa muburyo buzwi cyane ni ugushiraho ishoramari. Mbere yo gutangira gushingwa, birakenewe kumenya ibiranga inzira. Uburyo bwiza ni uguhitamo impapuro zunguka cyane. Ugomba kandi kumenya gahunda, uburyo nuburyo bwo kubikora bibaho.

Niki portfolio ishoramari – gahunda yuburezi kubatangiye

Dukurikije ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi ku ngingo y’ishoramari, bizwi na benshi ko inyigisho zigezweho zagaragaye mu 1952 kandi kuva icyo gihe zateye imbere kandi ziratera imbere gusa, zihuza n’ibisabwa n’ibibazo by’ubukungu. Mbere yo gutangira guhitamo, birakenewe gusobanukirwa ibisobanuro byose byerekeranye nigikorwa cyishoramari icyo aricyo, nibiki biranga. Inshingano zishoramari zigomba gufatwa nkurutonde rwibikoresho byoroheje kandi byujuje ubuziranenge bizana nyirabyo inyungu ihamye kandi yizewe. Mugihe uhisemo uburyo bukwiye, birasabwa kuzirikana ikintu kimwe cyingenzi: imishinga ishoramari irashobora gutandukana ukurikije urwego rwibyago. Ugomba kandi gutekereza kubyo bateganya inyungu bafite, ni ayahe magambo yo gushora batanga. Muguhitamo neza umutungo, umushoramari (ashobora kuba umuntu usanzwe) azashobora gushyira mubikorwa neza ingamba zateguwe kugirango abone amafaranga runaka.
Ingaruka z’ingaruka [/ caption]

Inshingano zishoramari kubatangiye

Inshingano yambere yishoramari isaba umushoramari kwitondera amakuru atandukanye mugihe cyo gukusanya. Abitangira bashaka gushora imari hamwe ninyungu nini bakeneye kumenya gushiraho imishinga ishora hamwe ningingo ugomba kwitondera byumwihariko. Inzobere mu bijyanye n’ishoramari n’imari zirasaba guhitamo uburyo bukurikira bwo gushiraho ishoramari rya mbere.

Gufungura konti ya brokerage

Hagati yo guhanahana umuntu (umushoramari) hazabaho umuhuza –
umuhuza . Ubwa mbere, udafite isosiyete ikora umwuga, ntabwo izakora gushora imari. Icyakabiri, broker azagufasha guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo gushora imari, azaguha amahirwe yo gukoresha ibikoresho byimari bikenewe mubushoramari no / cyangwa gucuruza. Twakagombye kuzirikana ko mubihe byinshi abahuza batishyuza amafaranga yo gufungura konti, cyangwa amafaranga ni ikigereranyo gusa. Birasabwa kugenzura uruhushya rwibikorwa murwego rwa mbere rwimikoranire. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_11940” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “624”]
Urutonde rwabakozi ukurikije umubare wabakiriya [/ caption] Urashobora kubona ukuri kwuruhushya kurubuga rwemewe rwa Banki yUburusiya. Konti ifunguye irashobora kuba ibisanzwe cyangwa umuntu kugiti cye. Mu rubanza rwa kabiri, nyir’ubwite ahabwa inyungu z’umusoro. Amafaranga yinjira agarukira ku 52.000 ku mwaka.

Gushiraho ubundi buryo bwo gushora imari

Imiterere ya portfolio ishoramari irashobora kunganirwa ninguzanyo zitandukanye cyangwa imigabane.
Hano ibyifuzo nibi bikurikira: ugomba guhitamo ibipimo 20/20/60 ifaranga-inguzanyo-ububiko. Niba ingwate zaguzwe, isosiyete igomba gusubiza agaciro kimpapuro zingana n’amafaranga izaba ifite mu gihe cyagenwe. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_12002” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “701”]
Urugero rwo gukusanya imari ishoramari iringaniye [/ caption] Inyungu yinyongera ni ubwishyu bwo gukoresha amafaranga. Umusaruro ku nguzanyo ugereranije 9.5%. Amafaranga ya mutuelle arashobora kandi gushyirwa muburyo bw’ishoramari. Amafaranga ya mutuelle afite amafaranga kubashoramari batandukanye. Zigenewe gukurikiraho kugura imigabane na bonds, hamwe numutungo utimukanwa. Kubatangiye, birasabwa kugura igice cya portfolio – umugabane. Mugihe uhisemo gushyigikira inkwano, umuntu agomba kuzirikana ko arizo zishobora guteza akaga cyane mubijyanye nubukungu budahungabana. Ugomba kubibona, ukurikiza amategeko yo gushiraho portfolio (tanga bitarenze 20% kuri bo).

Chip yubururu mu ishoramari

Inshingano zishoramari kubatangiye zigomba kuba zifite
ubururu – imigabane ifitwe namasosiyete manini yitwaye neza ku isoko ryimigabane. Imigabane nkiyi nigikoresho cyizewe cyizewe. Hano ugomba kuzirikana ko igiciro cyo gutangira umugabane ari byibuze 3000. .
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Ongeraho ububiko bwa kabiri murwego rwo gushora imari

Umugabane wamasosiyete kuva “murwego rwa kabiri” – barashobora kuzuza urutonde rwimigabane isanzweho. Ikiranga: bakwemerera kubona byinshi, ariko ingaruka zamafaranga muriki kibazo ziriyongera. Nigute ushobora guteranya portfolio yishoramari kubatangiye, imigabane nizindi mpapuro zigize: https://youtu.be/qiwFndRDDCM Abitangira bagomba kumenya ko hari igitekerezo cy “umushahara kubibazo” ku isoko ryimigabane. Intangiriro yibyabaye nibi bikurikira: mugihe, urugero, kugura ingwate yerekana umusaruro wa 10%, noneho amahirwe yo kubona inyungu ni 90%. Abakoresha bazagufasha kubara inyungu ku ishoramari ryawe. Kugirango ukusanyirize hamwe uburyo bwiza, ugomba kubanza gutsinda ikizamini. Abakora kandi batanga isesengura ryiza-ryiza. Ikindi cyifuzo ni ugusubiramo portfolio yumwaka. Kurema neza gushora imari muri iki gihe ntabwo byemeza ko nyuma yigihe gito bitazavamo inyungu nke. Kugenzura ku gihe bizafasha kwirinda ibibazo. Urugero: Ikusanyamakuru ryakozwe rigizwe na 20% ingwate, 20% amafaranga na 60%. Mu mwaka, imigabane yerekanye iterambere – yazamutse mu giciro kandi umugabane wabo mu nshingano, wiyongereye. Kugirango ukomeze inyungu, birasabwa kubanza kugurisha igice cyimigabane, hanyuma ukagura umutungo winyongera hamwe namafaranga yakiriwe. Muri ubu buryo, bizashoboka kugarura impirimbanyi zishoramari. Mu mwaka, imigabane yerekanye iterambere – yazamutse mu giciro kandi umugabane wabo mu nshingano, wiyongereye. Kugirango ukomeze inyungu, birasabwa kubanza kugurisha igice cyimigabane, hanyuma ukagura umutungo winyongera hamwe namafaranga yakiriwe. Muri ubu buryo, bizashoboka kugarura impirimbanyi zishoramari. Mu mwaka, imigabane yerekanye iterambere – yazamutse mu giciro kandi umugabane wabo mu nshingano, wiyongereye. Kugirango ukomeze inyungu, birasabwa kubanza kugurisha igice cyimigabane, hanyuma ukagura umutungo winyongera hamwe namafaranga yakiriwe. Muri ubu buryo, bizashoboka kugarura impirimbanyi zishoramari.

Ibyago byo gushora imari biterwa no kugabana kubitsa mubice bikaze kandi byubaka.

Urugero rwo gukusanya imigabane yamasosiyete azwi nababikora. Ntabwo ari ngombwa kwibanda ku masosiyete yo mu gihugu, nibyiza gutandukana
: kwishyiriraho intego zamafaranga zagerwaho. Niyo mpamvu ibikubiye muburyo butandukanye bwa portfolio bishobora gutandukana. Urashobora gufungura konti zitandukanye icyarimwe hanyuma ukazikora. Ingero:

1. Konti y’izabukuru . Ifungura hagamijwe kwinjiza amafaranga yinyongera nyuma yizabukuru. Muri iki kibazo, birasabwa kuyikora hashingiwe ku bubiko n’inguzanyo z’amasosiyete manini abasha kwerekana inyungu nyinshi na nyuma yimyaka 15-20. Urugero: portfolio ishoramari rya VTB cyangwa Sberbank.
2. Konti y’abana – hano ugomba kwishyiriraho intego yihariye: uburezi, kugura imitungo itimukanwa mumyaka 10-15. Ikiranga: kwibumbira hamwe bibaho ukoresheje ibyago byinshi (ibigo byikoranabuhanga).
3. Amafaranga akoreshwa mubihe byihutirwa ni ubundi buryo bwo guhitamo konti. Intego zo gufungura: kugura bito cyangwa bito, gusana, ingendo. Nibyiza guhitamo inkwano zifite igihe gito. Umusaruro n’agaciro by’izi mpapuro bigomba kumenyekana mbere.

Urugero rwo gushiraho ishoramari rishobora guhita ritangira gukorera nyiraryo:
[/ caption] Abitangira mugikorwa cyo gushiraho portfolios barashobora gukora amakosa amwe. Muri 90% by’imanza, bashaka kuzuza ubwoko butandukanye bw’umutungo icyarimwe. Abakora umwuga batanga inama yo guhitamo:

• Ingwate – ubwoko 5.
• Amafaranga – ubwoko 5.
• Imigabane yisosiyete – ubwoko 10

Gukusanya portfolio yishoramari ryimigabane na bonds – portfolio ya ETFs ku Isoko rya Moscou: https://youtu.be/HRwdC8eDAqA Ububiko bwonyine ntibukwiye guhitamo, cyane cyane utabanje kwiga neza kubyerekeranye ningaruka no gusobanukirwa ibibera ku isoko ubu. Niba wegereye ikibazo cyo gushinga portfolio nabi, noneho ibyago byigihombo kinini cyamafaranga byiyongera inshuro 2-3. Gucuruza namafaranga ya broker nabyo ntibisabwa kubatangiye. Gucuruza inyungu ni inzira yo kugura umutungo hamwe namafaranga yakiriwe neza na broker. Kuba adafite uburambe, umushoramari agira ibyago, kuko mugihe ibikorwa bitagenze neza, umunyabigenge afite uburenganzira bwo gufunga imyanya. Urugero mugihe ukeneye kuzigama umubare wingenzi (kuri pansiyo cyangwa kugura byinshi):

Amahame yo gushinga portfolio – nigute wakora portfolio?

Birakenewe kandi kuzirikana amahame rusange yo gushinga imari. Ni ngombwa gushobora gushyiraho neza intego nyamukuru yubukungu. Ihame ryo gushinga rigizwe nibyiciro byinshi:

1. Kugaragaza umubare n’amabwiriza yo kwegeranya. Kurugero, 4.500.000 byamafaranga mumyaka 2.5 yo kugura inzu yigihugu nyuma.
2. Hitamo amafaranga azakurwa buri kwezi kugirango ashore imari. Kurugero, 5% yumushahara wa buri wese mubashakanye. Hano byinshi biterwa nintego yashyizweho mbere. Inzira nziza nugukoresha calculatrice kugirango ubare amafaranga ukeneye kuzigama mugabanye umubare rusange numubare wamezi.
3. Hisha inyandiko iri mu kaga. Bizafasha kumenya uko iki kimenyetso kiri hejuru. Nkigisubizo, bizashoboka kubara imiterere myiza. Ibigize portfolio ntibiterwa gusa namakuru yakiriwe, ahubwo biterwa nubukungu ndetse nibindi bintu byinshi bigomba kwitabwaho.

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_ Nyuma yo kunyura muri izi ntambwe zose, urashobora gufungura konti no gukusanya umutungo.

Niki gishobora gushyirwa mubikorwa byishoramari?

Kubera ko portfolio ishoramari ari ikintu cyashizweho neza, gishobora kuba kigizwe nibice bitandukanye bishobora kuzana nyirabyo amafaranga runaka. Amahitamo ashoboka ashobora gushingwa arimo:

• Impapuro zinyuranye (ububiko, ingwate).
• Umugabane w’amafaranga y’ishoramari.
• Ifaranga (amadorari y’Amerika, pound, euro, na Yuan).
• Ibyuma by’agaciro (zahabu, ifeza na platine).

. _
Ibi birimo amahitamo cyangwa
ejo hazaza . Niba amafaranga abemerera, noneho imitungo itimukanwa, kimwe nububiko butandukanye, irashobora gushirwa mubikorwa byishoramari. Abakora umwuga batandukanya ikindi cyiciro kidasanzwe – umutungo udasanzwe. Harimo ibya kera, vino yo gukusanya. Risky – gushora imari mu gutangiza no guhanga udushya. Ukurikije ingamba zatoranijwe, ibigize portfolio bizahinduka. Nigute ushobora gukora portfolio yishoramari muri 2022, impapuro zo kugura: https://youtu.be/qYWOBxXHUlI

Ubwoko bw’ishoramari

Ishoramari ryunguka kandi rifite ubushobozi rishobora kuba ubwoko butandukanye bitewe nintego yishoramari hamwe na leta yimbere hamwe nimiterere yumushoramari. Tanga:

1. Inyungu cyangwa ubukana portfolio . Intego yacyo nyamukuru ninyungu zishobora kuba inyungu. Ikiranga: irahinduka cyane. Muri iki kibazo, ibihimbano byakozwe rwose mububiko bufite ikimenyetso kinini cyerekana ubushobozi bwo gukura mugihe kizaza. Ikibazo ni ukurenga igipimo cy’ivunjisha rya Moscou. Inshingano zishoramari zikaze [/ caption]
2. Inshingano rusange cyangwa iringaniye . Ibigize bigamije gutanga umuvuduko muke witerambere. Ifite imbaraga zo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’isoko. Ibi biterwa no gutandukana kwinshi kurwego rwumutungo nifaranga ryakoreshejwe.
3. Inshingano yibikorwa bigamije kugaruka byibuze, ariko hamwe ningaruka nkeya.

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_ Ugomba kandi kuzirikana ko inshingano zishoramari zishobora kugabanywa nibipimo byiterambere (birashobora gukoreshwa nkurugero rwo gushinga):

• Byoroshye – ibihimbano birimo impapuro zitandukanye. Niba bakuze, agaciro ka portfolio ubwako nako kariyongera.
• Iterambere ryinshi – rigizwe nimpapuro zibyo bigo byerekana iterambere ryihuse kandi rihamye.
• Iterambere rito – ibigize birimo impapuro zimiryango ifite ibipimo byiterambere rirambye.
• Uburebure buringaniye – bushobora kuba bugizwe nimpapuro zitandukanye.

portfolio ishoramari nkibyo:
Inshingano zinjiza, nazo, zigabanijwe muburyo bukurikira: amafaranga yinjiza (ingaruka nkeya hamwe nimpuzandengo yimari yimari), amafaranga menshi – urwego rwibyago ni ruto, inyungu ni nyinshi. Guhuza ibikorwa nabyo birahari. Muri uru rubanza, igice cyumutungo uriho cyunguka. Ibi biterwa no kuzamuka kw’ibiciro. Ikindi gice, binyuze mu kwakira inyungu ninyungu, nacyo kizana ijanisha runaka ryinyungu zamafaranga. Tugomba kuzirikana ko iyo agaciro k’igice runaka cy’umutungo kagabanutse, noneho indishyi z’igihombo zitangwa no kongera agaciro k’ibindi bice bigize ishoramari. Warren Buffett ishoramari – urugero rufatika rwo gukusanya imishinga ishora imari: https://youtu.be/tGKvSoxJnoQ

Amahitamo yo gukusanya Portfolio ukurikije igihe, intego nibindi bipimo

Niba ushaka kwakira amafaranga yinyongera yizewe, ugomba rero kumenya hakiri kare uburyo bwo gukora portfolio yishoramari hamwe ningaruka nkeya ziva kandi ukirinda amakosa. Mubihitamo ntanumwe numwe uhuriweho nabashoramari bose. Buri muntu ahitamo ibihimbano ku giti cye, kubera ko bidashoboka guhanura hakiri kare uko ibintu bizaba bimeze mu bukungu no mu rwego rw’imari. Amahitamo yo gukusanya biterwa nigihe. Mugihe uhisemo impapuro zagaciro, hakwiye kuzirikanwa ko igihe kinini cyishoramari, ishoramari rito mumigabane riterwa nimpinduka zigihe gito kubiciro byisoko. Mugihe kimwe, ibipimo byinjiza bishobora nanone guterwa nibipimo byigihe. Niba uhisemo uburyo bwo kuzuza inkwano, noneho ibintu bizaba gutya: igihe kirekire igihe batangiriye, bike biteganijwe ni kugaruka. Abakora umwuga basaba guhitamo iyi nzira niba ushaka gukemura imirimo yigihe gito no gushyiraho intego zigoye. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_12003” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “623”]
Ubwoko bw’ingaruka zo gushiraho ishoramari – biringaniye, biringaniye, birakaze [/ caption]

Urugero rwumushinga wo gushora umwaka

Urugero rwo gukusanya (manda – umwaka 1, umusaruro – hafi 50.000): inkwano. Ku ntego z’igihe gito (urugero, ingendo, kugura ibikoresho byo murugo), nibyiza kubaka portfolio cyane cyane mububiko bufite igihe kingana numwaka. Ibi ni ngombwa, kubera ko umuntu azamenya hakiri kare umubare nyawo (kugeza ku magana) ushobora kwakirwa amaherezo. Nibyago kugura ububiko bwigihe gito, kuko mugihe haguye, ntibizashoboka kugarura byihuse ibipimo. Mugihe gikabije, urashobora kugura imigabane muburyo butarenze 10% byagaciro nubunini bwuzuye bwishoramari. Hamwe nubufasha bwa broker, urashobora kugura portfolio yiteguye. Irashobora kandi gukusanywa kumurongo.

Urugero rwumushinga wishoramari kumyaka 3-5

Ubundi buryo: igihe cyagenwe muriki kibazo ni imyaka 3-5. Hano urashobora gutanga ibyifuzo byombi hamwe nububiko. Umugabane wo kuboneka kwabo ni 50/50 cyangwa 40/60. Ikiranga: igihe kirekire, niko umugabane wimigabane muri portfolio ushobora kuba. Hano ugomba kuzirikana ko ukeneye kongera igipimo cyumubare wimigabane ugereranije nigihe. Ubushakashatsi mubijyanye nubukungu bwerekana ko ububiko buzatangira kubona inyungu mugihe cyimyaka 5-10. Ingano ishoramari iringaniye Ingero zishoramari riringaniye: Amafaranga amwe agomba gushorwa mubintu bitimukanwa, bimwe mubuhanzi cyangwa ibyuma byagaciro. Imiterere niyi ikurikira: 25% buri umwe mubigega na bonds, amafaranga yimitungo itimukanwa 15%, ubundi buryo 20% nibyuma byagaciro 15%. Inshingano z’ishoramari: igipimo gikwiye cyimigabane na bonds: https://youtu.be/seS4gI3oLqY Inshingano ya 50/50 yashizweho muburyo bworoshye: imigabane na bonds bishyirwa muburyo bungana. Ikiranga – buri bwoko bwimpapuro zigomba kugabanywa muburusiya n’amahanga nazo zingana na 50/50. Urashobora kongeraho gushora imari niba uguze impapuro zinyuranye mubijyanye ningaruka no kugaruka. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_11999” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “802”]
Inzego zinyuranye zishoramari [/ caption] Niba ishingwa rishingiye ku ishoramari, ubwo bwoko bwa portfolio bushobora kumera gutya:

Ibibazo n’ibisubizo

Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwo gushora imari? Ubu ni ubwoko bwibintu byujuje intego, intego n’ibiteganijwe. Ihitamo ry’ingamba ryatoranijwe hashingiwe ku miterere y’ubukungu, igipimo cy’urwego rw’ibyago hamwe n’ibyifuzo bya broker. Birakenewe guha agaciro impapuro zamasosiyete manini ninganda zishobora kwihanganira byinshi mubigaragara ku isoko.
Ishoramari ritaziguye na portfolio ni iki?Mugihe cyambere, biramenyerewe kuvuga kubyerekeye ishoramari ritangira gukora ako kanya. Ishoramari rya Portfolio riragoye, kuko ryateguwe kugirango bigire ingaruka ndende. Mubihe byinshi, ishoramari rya portfolio ritandukanye nishoramari ritaziguye mubijyanye nubunini. Ibikoresho byishoramari bya portfolio: impapuro zimyenda (harimo na bonds gusa, ariko inoti zisezerana), hamwe n imigabane. Portfolio ishoramari ibarwa mugihe gito ugereranije nicyerekezo. Bikwiye kuzirikanwa ko bafite umuvuduko mwinshi. Ishoramari rya portfolio rigamije gushaka inyungu, bikorwa no kwakira inyungu cyangwa inyungu. Hagomba kandi kuzirikanwa ko umushoramari adashyiraho nkinshingano ze nyamukuru imicungire yikigo cyangwa umushinga runaka ushora imari ye. Inshingano zishoramari nuburyo bugezweho bwo kugwiza amafaranga yashowe. Umushoramari uhisemo gukora amahitamo yunguka agomba guhuza no kwiga uko ubukungu bwifashe mu gihugu gusa, ndetse no ku isi. Azagomba gukora umurimo wuzuye kandi ubishoboye hamwe nibice bitandukanye byisoko. Byongeye, bizakenera ingamba zifatika. Kubwiyi ntego, guhitamo neza umutungo bikorwa, bigizwe namahitamo menshi. Bagomba kubahiriza igihe ntarengwa n’intego. Niba ibyiciro byose bikozwe hakurikijwe amategeko, noneho ishoramari rizunguka. Nta ngaruka zaba umushoramari muriki kibazo. Niba tutirengagije ibipimo nyabyo byubukungu, igihombo kirashobora kuba kinini. Abakora umwuga barashobora kugufasha guhitamo inzira nziza. Birasabwa kuvugana nabo mbere yo kugura imigabane,