Kodi ndalama zogwirizanitsa ndi ziti, ndalama zogwirizanitsa bwino, momwe mungapangire ndalama

Mutual Fund (PIF) ndi mbiri ya zotetezedwa zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa ndi manejala wa anthu omwe akufuna kuyika ndalama. Mfundo ndi yakuti simukusowa kusonkhanitsa mbiri yanu nokha, ndalama zogwirizanitsa ndi akatswiri ochita nawo msika (
brokers , magulu a mabanki, makampani oyang’anira) kuchokera ku mitundu ingapo ya zida zachuma ndikupereka makasitomala kugula gawo la thumba la ndalama.

Gawo la mutual fund

Wogula akalowa muakaunti yake kuti agule thumba la ndalama, amapatsidwa mwayi wosankha magawo omwe ali ndi ma bond ndi masheya amagulu osiyanasiyana: mafuta ndi gasi, zitsulo, zopangira, IT ndi ena. Mtengo wogula wa portfolio ndi gawo la mutual fund kapena share. Itha kugulidwa, kugulitsidwa, ndipo ngakhale kubwereketsa moyenerera. Zimaganiziridwa kuti mtengo wagawo udzakula pakapita nthawi, ngati ndondomeko ya thumba ili lidzakhala loyenera, pakapita nthawi wogulitsa akhoza kugulitsa gawo lake kuposa momwe adagula ndikupanga phindu, osachepera izi ndizo. momwe zonse zimawonekera m’dziko labwino.

Omwe Ali ndi Mutual Fund

Ndalama za mutual fund zimayendetsedwa ndi kampani yoyang’anira, ndi antchito a kampani yoyang’anira omwe amasankha zida zomwe angagule ndi ndalama za omwe ali ndi masheya kuti awabweretsere phindu lazachuma. Kampani yoyang’anira ndi bungwe lazachuma. Pali pafupifupi 50 makampani akuluakulu oyang’anira ku Russia, omwe ali abwino kwambiri omwe ali m’gulu lalikulu lazachuma. Mwachitsanzo, gulu lazachuma la Sberbank, lomwe limaphatikizapo banki, kampani yobwereketsa ndi kampani yoyang’anira – Sberbank Asset Management.
Kampani yoyang’anira ili ndi udindo wopanga mutual fund, trust management ya katundu wa thumba, imapanga chisankho pa kugula, kugulitsa katundu wa thumba, ndipo ili ndi udindo wobwezera ndalama kwa omwe ali ndi masheya. Mutha kugula ndalama zothandizirana osati mwachindunji kuchokera ku kampani yoyang’anira, koma kudzera mwa wothandizira, monga ambiri, mwa njira, nthawi zambiri amatero. Agent ndi: mabanki, makampani obwereketsa, koma amatha kuchita izi mwachindunji ndi kampani yoyang’anira, chifukwa ndiye idzakhala ndi udindo kwa Investor chifukwa cha udindo wake. Makampani akuluakulu oyang’anira ku Russia potengera mtengo wamtengo wapatali, ndiye kuti, ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe kampaniyo ili nayo pakuwongolera pakadali pano, ndi: Sberbank Asset Management, VTB Capital Asset Management, Alfa Capital, Raiffeisen Capital, ndalama zapenshoni. .

Ndi ndalama ziti zomwe zilipo komanso njira yomwe ingagwirizane ndi ndani

Ngati wogulitsa akuganiza zogulitsa magawo, pali zinthu zingapo zofunika kuziganizira:

1. Ndalama zothandizirana zimasiyana potengera ndalama , ndiko kuti, pali ndalama zomwe zimagulitsa m’masheya, ma bond, ndalama, malo, zitsulo zamtengo wapatali ndi zaluso. Koma muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti ndalama zogawana magawo sizimatumiza 100 peresenti ya ndalama zonse ku magawo, monga lamulo, pali zoletsa zina, mwachitsanzo, ngati ndi thumba logwirizana la magawo, ndiye kuti 80% ya ndalamazo zimakhazikitsidwa. ndalama ziyenera kuyikidwa m’magawo, 20% ikhoza kugwera pama bond.
2. Pali ndalama zosakanikirana zomwe zimagulitsa 50% mpaka 50%. Theka limaperekedwa ku masheya, ena onse ku ma bond. Ku Russia, amagawidwa m’magulu onse a ndalama kwa omwe ali oyenerera omwe amagulitsa zinthu zilizonse, ngakhale zowopsa kwambiri, komanso ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa anthu ambiri: osunga ndalama osayenerera, kapena ogulitsa malonda. Mitundu yawo yazinthu zomwe zilipo zimangotengera zida zandalama zowopsa kwambiri.

Timakukumbutsani kuti zomangira ndizo chida chodalirika kwambiri
. Choncho, pamene Investor amvetsetsa komwe mutual fund idzawononge ndalama zake, ndi bwino kuti mudziwe zambiri za ndondomeko ya ndalama za mutual fund, chifukwa imanena momveka bwino kuti ndi gawo liti la ndalamazo komanso zomwe makampani oyang’anira ali ndi ufulu wokhazikitsa. Kuphatikiza pa zida zomwe ndalama za depositors zimapita, ndalama zogwirizanitsa zimasiyana pogula ndi kugulitsa magawo malinga ndi nthawi. Pali magulu atatu apa:

• Open mutual funds, magawo omwe amatha kugulidwa ndikuwomboledwa tsiku lililonse. Ndalama zoterezi, poganizira kuti ndalama zimatha kuchotsedwa mwamsanga, zimayika ndalama zamadzimadzi, mwachitsanzo, mu magawo a blue chips , zomwe nthawi zonse zimakhala zofunikira;
• interval funds – mayunitsi omwe amatha kugulidwa kapena kugulitsidwa pakapita nthawi. Monga lamulo, izi zikhoza kuchitika kangapo pachaka;
• Gulu lachitatu latsekedwa -ndalama zomaliza , magawo omwe amatha kugulidwa panthawi yomwe thumba likupangidwa, ndikugulitsidwa pamene thumba latsekedwa.

Mitundu yachiwiri ndi yachitatu – ndalama zapakati komanso zotsekera zimatha kuyika zida zamadzimadzi zochepa, chifukwa zimaneneratu nthawi yomwe osunga ndalama angachotsere ndalama kwa iwo. Kumbali imodzi, zida zocheperako zamadzimadzi zimakhala ndi zoopsa zambiri, koma kumbali inayo, zimakhala ndi phindu labwinoko. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuti ma Conservatives asankhe ndalama zotseguka. Ngati Investor ali wokonzeka kutenga chiopsezo, ndiye kuti pakapita nthawi kapena otsekedwa adzachita. [id id mawu = “attach_12094” align = “aligncenter” wide = “565”]
Kodi thumba la ndalama ndi chiyani m’mawu osavuta[/ mawu]

Gawo limodzi ndi ndalama zingati

Timakukumbutsani kuti mtengo wagawo umasintha tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo motero zimadalira mwachindunji mtengo wa katundu umene thumba lapeza. Zopeza zamabizinesi zidzatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mtengo wagawo. Mutha kuyang’anira kayendetsedwe ka mtengo wagawo patsamba lamakampani oyang’anira komanso m’malo ena otseguka. Ndalamazi zimasindikiza mtengo wagawo tsiku lililonse kumapeto kwa tsiku, komanso nthawi yotsekera kamodzi pamwezi. Pogula gawo, wogulitsa ndalama amalipira ndalama zambiri. Izo, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zayikidwapo, ndi wothandizira omwe amagulidwa ndi ndalama zothandizirana, amatha kufikira 5 peresenti ya kuchuluka kwa ndalama. Mukagulitsa gawo, mumatero ndi zomwe zimatchedwa kuchotsera. Zimatengera nthawi yayitali yomwe wobwereketsayo ali nayo gawolo, pamikhalidwe yeniyeni ya wothandizirayo. Monga lamulo, kuchotsera sikudutsa atatu peresenti ya mtengo wake.

1. Kupezeka . Zogulitsa m’magawo apakati zimakhala ndi malire otsika. Mutha kuyambira ma ruble 1000
2. Ukadaulo mu kasamalidwe . Akatswiri amayendetsa ndalama za osunga ndalama. M’malo mwake, mkanganowu ndi wovuta, chifukwa akatswiri amadziwa momwe angayikitsire ndalama: kutsegula akaunti, kugula zida zandalama, kukhazikitsa njira yotsegulira malonda. Koma akatswiri sakudziwa zomwe angagule kuti akhale miliyoneya mawa chifukwa, mwatsoka, misika yazachuma ndi yosayembekezereka. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zina, Paul the octopus amatha kupereka zolosera zolondola kwambiri kuposa katswiri yemwe ali ndi zaka zambiri.
3. Zokolola zambiri . Pamene ndalama zogulitsana zimagulitsidwa, wogula amauzidwa za ndalama zomwe zingatheke, zomwe zidzakhala zapamwamba kuposa ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa. Choyamba, ndalama zochokera ku mutual fund sizitsimikiziridwa mwanjira iliyonse ndipo mutual fund imayika mumtundu wina wa katundu. Ngati msika sukula panthawiyi pamene wogulitsa ndalama ali ndi ndalama zogwirizanitsa, ndiye kuti ndalamazo sizidzawonetsa phindu lililonse, pamene phindu la ndalamazo likukhazikika. Kawirikawiri, ndi bwino kufananiza zokolola za ndalama zogwirizanitsa osati ndi deposit, koma ndi index. Ndiye mutha kumvetsetsa momwe kasamalidwe kachangu kamakhala kopindulitsa – kungoyika ndalama mu index.
4. Amalankhula za otsika ma komishoni , koma zambiri sizowona nthawi zonse. Ndalama zomwe zimagwirizanitsa ndi nkhani yodula kwambiri kwa munthu amene amagula, ndipo, ndithudi, ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri kusiyana ndi kugulitsa nokha.
5. Liquidity . Magawo a ndalama zotseguka amatha kugulitsidwa nthawi iliyonse popanda kutayika kowonjezera, izi ndi zoona, koma ngati tikulankhula za magawo mu zida zamadzimadzi, ndiye kuti izi zitha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse popanda zotayika zina.
6. Misonkho yosankha . Makampani ena azachuma amanena kuti ndi kukula kwa chuma cha mutual fund, osunga ndalama akhoza kumasulidwa ku msonkho wa ndalama ngati amalandira ma ruble osachepera mamiliyoni atatu pachaka pa magawo, ngati ali ndi magawo kwa zaka zoposa zitatu. Izi ndizofanana ndi misika yokhazikika komanso yamasheya. Chifukwa chake, msonkho wachuma pakukula kwa mtengo wa katundu sulipidwa.

[id id mawu = “attach_12096” align = “aligncenter” wide = “710”]
Mutual fund infrastructure[/caption]

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa mutual fund ndi ETF?

Masiku ano, chida cha ETF chikutchuka kwambiri
, ndiko kuti, ndalama zomwe zimagulitsidwa pakusinthana, ndizodziwika kwambiri kuposa ndalama zabwino zakale za retro-grad mutual funds. Tikayerekeza ndalama ndi ETFs, ndiye ubwino wachiwiri bodza pamwamba.

1. Choyamba, zimakhala zamadzimadzi, zosavuta kugula, zimagulidwa kudzera mu akaunti ya brokerage kapena tikhoza kuzigulanso pamapulatifomu ena, palinso phindu la msonkho.
2. Ndalama zonse zimagulidwa ku ofesi ya kampani yoyang’anira, pa webusaiti yawo. Sizingatheke kugula ndalama zothandizirana kudzera mu akaunti ya brokerage ndi nsanja zina. Iyi ndi mfundo yolakwika.
3. Ndalama zogwirizanitsa zimayendetsedwa mwachangu. Oyang’anira nthawi zonse akuyesera kuti apititse patsogolo ndondomekoyi, pamene ETFs pafupifupi nthawi zonse amatsatira index index.
4. Kwa ndalama zothandizirana, ngati komitiyo ili pamtunda wa 3.5 peresenti, osawerengera ma markups ndi kuchotsera, ndiye kwa ETFs, makomiti ndi otsika. Ku Russia, izi ndi zosakwana 1 peresenti, ndipo palibe zodabwitsa zina zomwe ziyenera kuyembekezera pano.

Ena omwe ali ndi mgwirizano amakhala ndi chizolowezi chosintha mwadzidzidzi malamulo awo osunga ndalama ndikuyika ndalama zomwe amagulitsa ‘ ndalama muzinthu zina, pomwe wogulitsa sangadziwitsidwe. Musayembekezere zodabwitsa zotere kuchokera ku ETFs.

ETFs

Ndalama zogulira ndalama zimayamba kutha pang’onopang’ono zikafika pamagulu omwe amapereka ndalama zogulira zida zogulitsira. Pali njira ziwiri apa:

1. Kuyika ndalama mu ETF nthawi zambiri kumakhala njira yopindulitsa kwambiri kwa Investor kuposa mutual fund.
2. Njira ina yachiwiri ndiyo kugula paokha ma sheya, ma bond, zida zina zachuma : ku akaunti yandalama yapayekha kwa ndalama zanthawi yayitali, ndiyeno kulandila kotsatira kuchotsera msonkho.

Ngakhale Investor novice amatha
kudzipangira yekha mbiri kuposa momwe oyang’anira akatswiri amamuchitira. Chinthu china ndi chakuti pa izi muyenera kukhala ndi luso linalake, ngati wogulitsa alibe luso limeneli, ndi bwino kugula ndalama za ETF.

Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe mungapindule nazo?

Mwachitsanzo, ngati munthu akuyang’ana malo ogulitsa nyumba, ndiye kuti ndalama zogulitsa nyumba zimatha kukhala chida chapadera kwa iye. Izi kwenikweni ndi analogue yaku Russia ya mitengo yaku America. Kapena ndalama zomwe zimagulitsa zinthu zaluso, chifukwa ndizovuta kuti wochita bizinesi wopanda luso lapadera akhazikitse ndalama mumakampani a IT, ndiye kuti ndalama zolumikizana pano zimathandizira aliyense amene akufuna kuyesa m’derali kuti achite izi.

Momwe mungasungire ndalama mu mutual funds?

Kuti muthe kuyika ndalama mu thumba la ndalama, muyenera kutsegula akaunti ndi broker, ngati akauntiyo ili yotseguka, ndiye kuti imatsala kuti mupeze tabu ndi mndandanda wa ndalama zogwirizanitsa ndikusankha yoyenera. Lingaliro la akatswiri ndilabwino, koma ndilabwino kwa wogulitsa ndalama kuti amvetsetse zoyambira zachuma ndikukhala ndi lingaliro la msika, ngati kuli kotheka, funsani ndi broker. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kusankha PIF yoyenera.

Chofunika: onani kupezeka kwa layisensi patsambali: https://www.cbr.ru/registries/RSCI/activity_uk_if/

mutual fund zokolola

Ndalama zogwirizanitsa (mutual funds): ndi chiyani ndipo thumba la mutual fund limagwira ntchito bwanji, kuvotera ndalama zabwino kwambiri zogwirira ntchito limodzi ndi phindu: https://youtu.be/GB_UJvUDy_s

Ndalama zonse za Sberbank – gawo lanji ku Sberbank?

Sberbank ndi banki yodziwika komanso yodalirika yomwe yakhalapo kwa zaka zopitilira 100. Ndizomveka kuyika ndalama kubanki yotereyi, ndipo pali mitundu yambiri yandalama zomwe zimagwirizana, tidzawunikira zazikuluzikulu:

1. Bond fund – Ilya Muromets ( https://www.sberbank.ru/ru/person/investments/pifs/fund_bond_im ). Amakhala ndi boma, tauni, zomangira zamakampani za opereka odalirika aku Russia. Imalandira ndalama kuchokera kumalipiro a makuponi ndi kukula kwa mtengo wa katunduyo. Chiwongola dzanja chokhala ndi chiwopsezo chochepa cha 0-5%, ndalama zopitilira 8-10% komanso ndalama zocheperako.
2. Ndalama zamagawo ndi ma bond – Zoyenera ( https://www.sberbank.ru/ru/person/investments/pifs/fund_balanced ). Ndalama zophatikizana zimaphatikiza mitundu iwiri yachitetezo. Phindu kuchokera ku phindu lalikulu, ndalama kuchokera ku bond. Imayika makamaka mu zida zazachuma zaku Russia, zokolola za 10-20%, chiwopsezo chachikulu komanso ndalama zochepa.
3. Dobrynya Nikitich Fund ( https://www.sberbank.ru/ru/person/investments/pifs/fund_equity_dn- ) ili ndi magawo amakampani aku Russia. Zomwe zimapangitsa thumbali kukhala lowopsa kwambiri, lopindulitsa 15-20% ndikusunga ndalama zochepa.

Ndalama zomwe zimagulitsidwa ndi Sberbank: kodi ndiyenera kuyikapo ndalama – SBMX, SBSP, SBRB, SBCB ndi SBGB ndalama zothandizirana: https://youtu.be/DBrrF-z-1do

Mutual Funds Tinkoff

Imakhala ndi malo otsogola pakati pa mabizinesi odziwika bwino, omwe amakhala oyamba malinga ndi kuchuluka kwamakasitomala omwe akugwira ntchito komanso ndalama zogulira banki, imatengedwa ngati bizinesi yodalirika komanso yopindulitsa.

1. Eternal RUB portfolio ( https://www.tinkoff.ru/invest/etfs/TRUR/ ) – Ndalamayi imagwiritsa ntchito zida zitatu, masheya aku Russia ndi ma bond, golidi. Kuyika ndalama pazida zosiyanasiyana zachuma kumakupatsani mwayi woti mutenge chiwopsezo chochepa poika ndalama, koma nthawi yomweyo kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zokolola zochepa 5-10%. Mtengo wolowera 6.04 rubles.
2. Ndalama zokhazikika za USD ( https://www.tinkoff.ru/invest/etfs/TUSD/ ) – imapereka ndalama zogulira ku America, ma bond ndi golidi mu magawo atatu ofanana. Zokolola mu madola 5-10%, ndi chiopsezo chochepa. Mtengo wagawo ndi $ 0.2.
3. Ndalama zokhazikika EU R ( https://www.tinkoff.ru/invest/etfs/TEUR/ ) – imapereka ndalama zogulira katundu ku Ulaya, ma bond ndi golide mu magawo atatu ofanana. Zokolola mu euro 3-5%, chiopsezo chochepa. Mtengo wamabizinesi ndi 0.10 euros.

Mutual Funds Alfa Capital

Kampani yoyang’anira imapereka mtundu wosangalatsa wandalama m’makampani osiyanasiyana apadziko lonse lapansi ndi aku Russia. Akatswiri amasanthula kampani iliyonse ndikuyika ndalama.

• Zothandizira ( https://www.alfacapital.ru/individual/pifs/opifa_akn/ ) – woyang’anira akuyang’ana, amasanthula masheya olonjeza m’magawo amafuta ndi gasi ndi petrochemical, migodi. Zokolola ndi 15-30%.
• Magawo amadzimadzi ( https://www.alfacapital.ru/individual/pifs/opifa_akliq/ ) – opereka akuluakulu aku Russia ndi akunja amasankhidwa, ndikuchita bwino kwambiri kwachuma komanso chiyembekezo chakukula. Zokolola 15-25%.
• Balance ( https://www.alfacapital.ru/individual/pifs/opif_aks/ ) – ndalama zogulira zinthu zabwino kwambiri zaku Russia ndi ma bond. Chiwopsezo chochepa komanso kubwerera kwa 15-20%.

Ndalama zogwirizanitsa ndi chida chothandizira ndalama, monga ndalama zina, muyenera kusankha mwanzeru. Pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zogwirizanitsa ndalama, wogulitsa ndalama samabalalitsa pamagulu ang’onoang’ono, koma amaika ndalama mu gawo lazachuma kapena mafakitale, dziko, zotetezedwa za boma ndi golidi. Zosavuta komanso zothandiza omwe amavutika kudziwa bwino ndalama kapena safuna kuwononga nthawi pa izi. Ngati musankha kampani yabwino yoyang’anira yomwe ili yodalirika kwambiri, mutha kukhala odekha chifukwa chandalama zomwe zayikidwa. Kuti mugule mutual fund, ingopitani patsamba la broker ndikupita ku Investments tabu, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mutual fund mutual, mutha kuwerenganso kapangidwe ka mutual fund ndikuwerengera zokolola, komanso kuwerengera zokolola. kuopsa kwa ndalama. Kutsika pang’ono kumathandizira kukopa kwa chida chandalama. Mtengo wa mutual fund umasiyana kuchokera ku ma ruble 6 ndi kupitilira apo, nthawi zambiri broker kapena kampani yoyang’anira imasankha ma ruble 100 kapena 1000 ngati ndalama zochepa. Pa nthawi yomweyi, chiwerengero cha magawo omwe adagulidwa sichitha. [id id mawu = “attach_12092” align = “aligncenter” wide = “1628”]
Zifukwa 6 zogulira gawo[/ mawu]

Investment nthawi

Wogulitsa akhoza kugula ndikugulitsa gawo tsiku lomwelo, koma muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti ndiye ndalama zimatayika pamakomisheni. Mukakhala ndi gawo lotalikirapo, ndalamazo zimapindulitsa kwambiri, zokopa ndi manambala okongola omwe ali ndi phindu lalikulu, zikutanthauza nthawi ya zaka 3 kapena 5, kwa mwezi umodzi ndalama sizingawonjezere mtengo wagawolo.

Zowopsa

Pali magawo osiyanasiyana omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chochepa, koma ndiye zokolola zidzakhala zochepa. Kubwerera kukukwera, chiopsezo chachikulu. Popeza zida za ndalama sizimatetezedwa ku kusintha kwa msika komanso pamene msika ukugwa, mtengo wa thumba ukhoza kugwa.