Chii chinonzi mutual funds, the best mutual funds, maitiro ekuita mari

A mutual fund (PIF) inzvimbo yezvibatiso inounganidzwa nemaneja kune vanhu vanoda kuisa mari. Icho chiripo ndechekuti iwe haufanire kuunganidza portfolio uri wega, iyo mutual mari ndeye nyanzvi yemusika vatori vechikamu (
vatengesi , zvikwata zvebhangi, makambani ekutungamira) kubva kune akati wandei marudzi ezviridzwa zvemari uye kupa vatengi kutenga chikamu cheiyo mutual fund.

Chikamu che mutual fund

Kana mutengi apinda muakaundi yake kuti atenge mutual fund, anopihwa sarudzo yemapotifolio ane mabhondi uye masheya ezvikamu zvakasiyana: oiri negasi, kugadzira simbi, mbishi, IT nezvimwe. Mutengo wekutenga wepodfolio chikamu che mutual fund kana share. Inogona kutengwa, kutengeswa, uye kunyange kubhadharwa maererano. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mutengo wemugove uchakura nekufamba kwenguva, kana zano rehomwe iyi rakazove rakakodzera, mushure menguva yakati mutengi anogona kutengesa mugove wake kupfuura zvaakatenga uye kuita purofiti, zvirinani izvi ndizvo. kuti zvese zvinotaridzika sei munyika yakanaka.

Mutual Fund Varidzi

Mari yemutual fund inotungamirwa nekambani manejimendi, ndivo vashandi vekambani yekutungamira vanosarudza kuti ndezvipi zviridzwa zvekutenga nemari yevagovani kuitira kuti vaunze mabhenefiti emari. Iyo manejimendi kambani inzvimbo yezvemari. Kune anenge makumi mashanu emakambani makuru ekutungamira muRussia, akanakisa ayo ari chikamu cheboka rakakura rezvemari. Semuenzaniso, boka rezvemari reSberbank, iro rinosanganisira bhangi, kambani yebrokerage uye kambani yekutarisira – Sberbank Asset Management.
Kambani yekutungamira ine basa rekugadzira mutual fund, trust management yepfuma yehomwe, inoita sarudzo pakutenga, kutengeswa kwezvinhu zvehomwe, uye ine basa rekudzorera mari kune vanogovana. Iwe unogona kutenga mutual fund kwete zvakananga kubva kune manejimendi kambani, asi kuburikidza nemumiriri, sevazhinji, nenzira, kazhinji vanoita. MaAgents ndeaya: mabhangi, makambani ebrokerage, asi ane hunyanzvi hwekuita izvi zvakananga nekambani yekutarisira, nekuti ipapo ichava nemutoro kumuridzi wezvisungo zvake. Makambani makuru ekutungamira muRussia maererano net net asset value, kureva, nehuwandu hwemari iyo kambani ine manejimendi panguva ino, ndeiyi: Sberbank Asset Management, VTB Capital Asset Management, Alfa Capital, Raiffeisen Capital, mari yepenjeni. .

Ndeapi mutual funds aripo uye ndeipi sarudzo ingakodzera ani

Kana investor ari kufunga kuisa mari mumasheya, pane akati wandei zvinhu zvekufunga nezvazvo:

1. Kudyidzana mari inosiyana munzira yekudyara , ndiko kuti, kune mari inodyidzana inodyara mumasheya, mabhondi, mari, real estate, simbi dzinokosha uye art. Asi iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti mutual fund yemasheya haitumire zana kubva muzana yemari yese muzvikamu, sekutonga, kune zvimwe zvirambidzo zvakatemwa, semuenzaniso, kana iri mutual fund yemasheya, ipapo 80% ye mari inofanira kuiswa muzvikamu, 20% inogona kuwira pamabhondi.
2. Iko kune yakasanganiswa mutual funds inodyara 50% kusvika 50%. Hafu inopiwa kumatokisi, yakasara kumabhondi. MuRussia, ivo vakakamurwa kuita mari pamwe chete kune vanokwanisa vanoisa mari mune chero zviwanikwa, kunyangwe izvo zvine njodzi zvakanyanya, pamwe nemari inowirirana inowanikwa kune vakawanda vateereri: vasina kukodzera vanoisa mari, kana vatengesi vezvitoro. Kuwanda kwavo kwezvinhu zviripo kunogumira kumidziyo yezvemari ine ngozi.

Tinokuyeuchidza kuti zvisungo ndiyo inonyanya kuvimbika chiridzwa
. Naizvozvo, kana investor anonzwisisa uko mutual fund ichaisa mari yake, zvakakosha kuti uzive nezvekudyara kwekuzivisa kwega yega mutual fund, nekuti inotaura zvakajeka kuti ndeipi chikamu chemari uye ndeapi makambani ekutungamira ane kodzero yekuisa mari mazviri. Pamusoro pezviridzwa zvinoenda kune vanoisa mari, mutual funds inosiyana maererano nekutenga nekutengesa migove maererano nenguva. Pane 3 mapoka makuru pano:

• open mutual funds, migove inogona kutengwa nekudzikinurwa zuva nezuva. Mari yakadaro, mukuona kuti mari inogona kukurumidza kutorwa kubva kwavari, inoisa mari mumidziyo yemvura, semuenzaniso, muzvikamu zveblue chips , iyo inogara ichidiwa;
• interval funds – mayuniti anogona kutengwa kana kutengeswa panguva dzakatarwa dzenguva. Sezvo mutemo, izvi zvinogona kuitwa kakawanda pagore;
• Chikamu chechitatu chakavharwa -yekupedzisira mari, iyo migove inogona kutengwa chete panguva iyo homwe iri kuumbwa, uye inotengeswa kana homwe yakavharwa.

Yechipiri neyechitatu mhando – yepakati uye yakavharwa-yekupedzisira mari inogona kukwanisa kuisa mari mumidziyo mishoma yemvura, nekuti ivo vanofanotaura apo varidzi vemari vanogona kubvisa mari kubva kwavari. Kune rimwe divi, zviridzwa zvishoma zvemvura zvine njodzi dzakawanda, asi kune rimwe divi, zvine purofiti iri nani. Naizvozvo, zviri nani kuti vanochengetedza vasarudze yakavhurika mutual funds. Kana mushambadzi akagadzirira kutora njodzi, ipapo kupindirana kana kuvharwa kuchaita.

Imarii chikamu chimwe chete

Tinokuyeuchidza kuti mutengo wemugove unoshanduka zuva rega rega, uye zvinoenderana zvakananga nekukosha kwezvinhu izvo homwe yakawana. Mari yevanodyara mari inotariswa nekuwanda kwakaita mutengo wekugovana. Iwe unogona kuteedzera masisitimu emutengo wemugove pawebhusaiti yemakambani ekutungamira uye mune mamwe akavhurika masosi. Iyi mari inoburitsa mutengo wekugoverana zuva rega rega pakupera kwezuva, uye nguva uye yakavharwa kamwechete pamwedzi. Paunenge uchitenga chikamu, investor anobhadhara mari yekutanga. Izvo, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemari yakasimwa, uye mumiririri kuburikidza nekutengwa kwemari yekutengeserana kunoitwa, inogona kusvika 5 muzana yehuwandu hwekudyara. Kana uchitengesa mugove, unoita kudaro neinonzi kuderedzwa. Zvinoenderana nekuti mutengi ane mugove kwenguva yakareba sei, pamamiriro chaiwo emumiririri. Sezvo mutemo, kuderedzwa hakupfuuri zvikamu zvitatu kubva muzana zvekukosha kwayo.

1. Kuwanikwa . Investment in mutual funds ine yakaderera yekupinda chikumbaridzo. Iwe unogona kutanga kubva ku1000 rubles
2. Professionalism in management . Nyanzvi dzinotarisira mari yevanoisa mari. Muchokwadi, gakava iri harina mhosva, nekuti nyanzvi dzinoziva nzira yekudyara: vhura account, tenga zviridzwa zvemari, isa mamiriro ekuvhura kutengeserana. Asi nyanzvi hadzizive zvekutenga kuti uve miriyoni mangwana nekuti, zvinosiririsa, misika yemari haina kufungidzira. Naizvozvo, dzimwe nguva, Paul the octopus anogona kupa kwakaringana kufembera kwemasheya kupfuura nyanzvi ine makore mazhinji echiitiko.
3. Goho repamusoro . Kana mari yekutengeserana inotengeswa, mutengi anoudzwa nezve mari inogona kuwanikwa yakawanda, iyo ichava yakakwirira kudarika mari inowanikwa pamadhipatimendi. Kutanga, mari inobva kune mutual fund haivimbiswi nenzira ipi zvayo uye mutual fund inoisa mune imwe mhando yeasset. Kana misika isingakure panguva iyoyo apo mubhadhari ane mutual fund, saka mutual fund haizoratidze chero purofiti, nepo purofiti yedhipoziti ichiri kugadziriswa. Muzhinji, zvakanaka kuenzanisa goho remari pamwe chete kwete nedhipoziti, asi ine index. Ipapo iwe unogona kunzwisisa kuti inoshanda sei manejimendi inobatsira – kungoisa mari muindex.
4. Vanotaura nezve yakaderera makomisheni , asi ruzivo haruna chokwadi nguva dzose. Kudyidzana mari inyaya inodhura kumunhu anodzitenga, uye, hongu, inodhura zvakanyanya pane kuisa mari wega.
5. Liquidity . Migove yemari yakavhurika inogona kutengeswa chero nguva pasina kuwedzera kurasikirwa, ichi ichokwadi, asi kana tikataura nezve migove mumidziyo yemvura, zvino izvi zvinogona kuitwa chero nguva pasina kumwe kurasikirwa.
6. Preferential taxation . Mamwe makambani ezvemari anoti nekukura kwemutual fund assets, vatengesi vanogona kuregererwa pamutero wemari kana vakawana mari isingasviki mamiriyoni matatu rubles pagore pazvikamu, kana vakabata migove kwemakore anopfuura matatu. Izvi zvakafanana nezvinowanzoitika uye misika yemasheya. Saizvozvo, mutero wemari pakukura kwekukosha kwezvinhu haubhadharwe.

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pemutual fund uye ETF?

Nhasi, chiridzwa che ETF chiri kuwana mukurumbira
, ndiko kuti, mari inotengeswa pakutsinhanisa, iyo inonyanya kufarirwa kupfuura yakanaka yekare retro-grad mutual funds. Kana tikaenzanisa mutual funds uye ETFs, ipapo zvakanakira wechipiri nhema pamusoro.

1. Chekutanga, iwo anowedzera mvura, ari nyore kutenga, anotengwa kuburikidza neakaundi yebrokerage kana isu tinogonawo kuitenga pane mamwe mapuratifomu, kune zvakare mutero wemutero.
2. Kudyidzana mari inotengwa kuhofisi yekambani manejimendi, pane yavo webhusaiti. Izvo hazvigoneke kutenga mutual fund kuburikidza neakaundi yebrokerage uye mamwe mapuratifomu. Iyi ipfungwa isina kunaka.
3. Mutual funds inotungamirirwa nesimba. Vatungamiri vanogara vachiedza kudarika index, asi ETFs inenge nguva dzose ichitevera stock index.
4. Kune mutual fund, kana komisheni iri muchikamu che3.5 muzana, tisingaverenge markups uye discounts, zvino kune ETFs, makomisheni ari pasi. MuRussia, izvi zvishoma pane imwe muzana, uye hapana zvimwe zvinoshamisa zvinofanira kutarisirwa pano.

Dzimwe mutual funds dzine tsika yakashata yekungoerekana vachinja mitemo yavo yekudyara nekudyara mari’ mari mune zvimwe zvinhu, nepo investor angave asina kuziviswa. Usatarisira kushamisika kwakadaro kubva kuETFs.

ETFs

Mari yekudyara iri kuita zvishoma nezvishoma kusashanda kana zvasvika kune mutual funds inopa kudyara mukuchinjana-kutengesa zviridzwa. Pane nzira mbiri pano:

1. Kuisa mari muETF inowanzova imwe nzira inobatsira kune mutengesi kupfuura mutual fund.
2. Yechipiri imwe nzira ndeyekutenga yakazvimirira yemasheya, mabhondi, zvimwe zviridzwa zvemari : kuakaundi yekudyara yega yega yekudyara kwenguva refu, uyezve risiti inotevera yekubvisa mutero.

Kunyangwe muchengeti wekutanga anogona kuzvigadzirira
portfolio isina kuipa kupfuura maneja ehunyanzvi kumuitira. Chimwe chinhu ndechokuti nokuda kweizvi unoda kuva nehumwe unyanzvi, kana mubhadhari asina unyanzvi hwakadaro, saka zviri nani kutenga mari ye ETF.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu akaita sei mutual funds inogona kufarira?

Semuenzaniso, kana munhu akatarisa real estate, saka real estate mutual fund inogona kuve yakasarudzika chishandiso kwaari. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo analogue yeRussia yemitengo yeAmerica. Kana mutual mari inodyara muzvinhu zvehunyanzvi, nekuti zvakaomera kuti investor asina hunyanzvi hwekudyara muIT indasitiri, saka mutual funds pano inobatsira munhu wese anoda kuedza munzvimbo ino kuita izvi.

Nzira yekudyara mune mutual funds?

Kuti uise mari mune mutual fund, iwe uchafanirwa kuvhura account nebroker, kana iyo account yakavhurika, zvino inosara kuwana iyo tab ine runyorwa rwemari mutual uye sarudza yakakodzera. Maonero evanyanzvi akanaka, asi zvinodikanwa kuti munhu anodyara mari anzwisise izvo zvekutanga zvehupfumi uye ave neruzivo nezvemusika wemasheya, kana zvichibvira, wobva wabvunza mutengesi. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kusarudza iyo PIF yakakodzera.

Zvakakosha: tarisa kuwanikwa kwerezinesi pane saiti: https://www.cbr.ru/registries/RSCI/activity_uk_if/

mutual fund goho rating

mutual fund	Yield	Webhusaiti
System Capital – Mobile	14.88%	https://sistema-capital.com/catalog/
URALSIB Goridhe	3.66%	https://www.uralsib.ru/investments-and-insurance/ivestitsii/paevye-investitsionnye-fondy-pif-/
Sberbank – Global chikwereti musika	2.58%	https://www.sber-am.ru/individuals/funds/
RGS-Zoloto	2.09%	https://www.rgsbank.ru/personal/investment/pif/open/
Raiffeisen – Ndarama	2.02%	https://www.raiffeisen.ru/retail/deposit_investing/funds/
Gazprombank – Ndarama	1.75%	https://www.gpb-am.ru/individual/pif
Kuvakwa kutsva	1.72%	http://pif.naufor.ru/pif.asp?act=view&id=3164
Kapital-goridhe	1.69%	http://www.kapital-pif.ru/ru/about/

Mutual funds (mutual funds): chii uye kuti mutual fund inoshanda sei, chiyero cheyakanakisa mutual funds nepurofiti: https://youtu.be/GB_UJvUDy_s

Kudyidzana mari yeSberbank – chii chikamu muSberbank?

Sberbank ibhengi rinozivikanwa uye rakavimbika rave riripo kwemakore anopfuura 100. Zvinonzwisisika kuisa mari mubhangi rakadaro, uye nokuda kweizvi kune marudzi akawanda emari, isu tichasimbisa iwo makuru:

1. Bond fund – Ilya Muromets ( https://www.sberbank.ru/ru/person/investments/pifs/fund_bond_im ). Inosanganisira nyika, kanzuru, zvisungo zvekambani zvevakavimbika Russian vanoburitsa. Inogamuchira mari kubva kukubhadhara makuponi uye kukura mukukosha kweasset. Mutual investment homwe ine yakaderera yengozi muzana ye0-5%, mari iri pamusoro pekukwira kwe8-10% uye ine mwero liquidity.
2. Mari yezvikamu nemabhondi – Yakaenzana ( https://www.sberbank.ru/ru/person/investments/pifs/fund_balanced ). A mixed mutual fund inobatanidza marudzi maviri ezvivimbiso. Profit kubva kumari inowanikwa, mari kubva kumabhondi. Inoisa zvakanyanya muRussia mari zviridzwa, 10-20% goho, njodzi yakakura uye ine mwero liquidity.
3. Iyo Dobrynya Nikitich Fund ( https://www.sberbank.ru/ru/person/investments/pifs/fund_equity_dn- ) ine zvikamu zvemakambani eRussia. Chii chinoita kuti homwe ive nenjodzi zvakanyanya, inobatsira 15-20% uye inochengetedza iri pakati nepakati.

Exchange-traded mutual funds yeSberbank: zvakakosha here kuisa mari – SBMX, SBSP, SBRB, SBCB uye SBGB mutual funds: https://youtu.be/DBrrF-z-1do

Mutual Funds Tinkoff

Iyo inobata chinzvimbo chekutungamira pakati pevakakurumbira vatengesi, inomira yekutanga maererano nehuwandu hwevatengi vanoshanda uye mainvestimenti mune inodyidzana mari yebhangi, inoonekwa sebhizimusi rakavimbika uye rine pundutso.

1. Eternal RUB portfolio ( https://www.tinkoff.ru/invest/etfs/TRUR/ ) – Homwe inoisa mari mumidziyo mitatu, masheya eRussia uye zvisungo, goridhe. Kuisa mari mumidziyo yakasiyana-siyana yemari inokubvumira kuti utore njodzi shoma paunenge uchiisa mari, asi panguva imwechete inoita kuti ive yakaderera-goho 5-10%. Mutengo wekupinda 6.04 rubles.
2. Perpetual income USD ( https://www.tinkoff.ru/invest/etfs/TUSD/ ) – inopa mari yekudyara muAmerican stocks, bonds negoridhe muzvikamu zvitatu zvakaenzana. Goho mumadhora 5-10%, ine ngozi yakaderera. Mutengo wemugove i0.2 madhora.
3. Mari isingaperi EU R ( https://www.tinkoff.ru/invest/etfs/TEUR/ ) – inopa mari yekudyara muEuropean stocks, bond and gold muzvikamu zvitatu zvakaenzana. Goho mu euro 3-5%, njodzi yakaderera. Mutengo wekudyara i0.10 euros.

Mutual Funds Alfa Capital

Iyo manejimendi kambani inopa inonakidza rudzi rwekudyara mumakambani akasiyana epasirese neRussia. Nyanzvi dzinoongorora kambani imwe neimwe vozoisa mari.

• Resource ( https://www.alfacapital.ru/individual/pifs/opifa_akn/ ) – maneja ari kutsvaga, anoongorora masheya anovimbisa mumafuta uye gasi uye petrochemical, migodhi sectors. Goho iri 15-30%.
• Liquid shares ( https://www.alfacapital.ru/individual/pifs/opifa_akliq/ ) – makuru makuru eRussia uye kunze kwenyika vanopa vanosarudzwa, vane mari yakanakisisa yekuita uye tarisiro yekukura. Goho 15-25%.
• Balance ( https://www.alfacapital.ru/individual/pifs/opif_aks/ ) – mari yekudyara mumhando dzakanakisa dzeRussia uye zvisungo. Ngozi ine mwero uye kudzoka kwe15-20%.

Kudyidzana mari chishandiso chekudyara chiri nyore, semamwe mainvesheni, iwe unofanirwa kusarudza nehungwaru. Nekudyara mumari yemubatanidzwa, mudzvanyiriri haaparadzire pazvikamu zvega, asi anodyara muchikamu chehupfumi kana indasitiri, nyika, kuchengetedzwa kwehurumende negoridhe. Yakanaka uye ichabatsira avo vanoomerwa nehunyanzvi hwekudyara kana vasingade kupedza nguva pane izvi. Kana ukasarudza yakanaka manejimendi kambani ine yakakwirira kuvimbika chiyero, unogona kudzikama kune iyo mari inoiswa. Kuti utenge mutual fund, ingoenda kuwebhusaiti yebroker woenda kune Investments tab, kazhinji pane mutual fund subheading, ipapo unogona kuverenga chimiro che mutual fund uye kuverenga goho, pamwe nekuverenga njodzi dzekudyara. Chikumbaridzo chakaderera chinobatsira pakukwezva kwemudziyo wemari. Mutengo weiyo mutual fund unosiyana kubva ku6 rubles uye pamusoro, kazhinji bhuroka kana manejimendi kambani inosarudza 100 kana 1000 rubles semari shoma. Panguva imwecheteyo, nhamba yezvikamu zvakatengwa haisi shoma.
6 zvikonzero zvekutenga mugove[/ Caption]

Investment term

Munhu anodyara mari anogona kutenga uye kutengesa mugove pazuva rimwe chete, asi iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti ipapo mari inorasika pamakomisheni. Kurebesa kwaunobata mugove, kunowedzera purofiti yekudyara, kukwezva nenhamba dzakanaka dzine kudzoka kwakakwirira, zvinoreva nguva yemakore matatu kana mashanu, kwemwedzi mari inogona kusawedzera kukosha kwemugove.

Ngozi

Kune migove yakasiyana ine ngozi yakaderera, asi ipapo goho richava rakaderera. Iyo yakakwirira kudzoka, inowedzera njodzi. Sezvo midziyo yezvemari isingadziviriri kubva pakuchinja kwemusika uye apo misika inowira, kukosha kwehomwe kunogona kudonha.