Lichelete tse kopanetsoeng ke life, lichelete tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tse kopanetsoeng, mokhoa oa ho etsa chelete

The mutual fund (PIF) ke photefolio ea li-securities tse bokelloang ke mookameli bakeng sa batho ba batlang ho tsetela. Taba ke hore ha ho hlokahale hore u bokelle li-portfolio u le mong, lichelete tse kopanetsoeng ke barupeluoa ba marakeng ba litsebi (
barekisi , likarohano tsa libanka, lik’hamphani tsa tsamaiso) ho tsoa mefuteng e ‘maloa ea lisebelisoa tsa lichelete le ho fa bareki ho reka karolo ea letlole la lichelete.

Kabelo ea letlole la kopanelo

Ha moreki a kena akhaonteng ea hae ea botho ho reka letlole le kopaneng, o fuoa khetho ea li-portfolio tse nang le libonto le li-stock tsa likarolo tse fapaneng: oli le khase, mosebetsi oa tšepe, lisebelisoa tse tala, IT le tse ling. Theko ea theko ea potefolio ke karolo ea letlole la kopanelo kapa kabelo. E ka rekoa, ea rekisoa, esita le ho rekoa ka ho loketseng. Ho nahanoa hore theko ea karolo e tla hōla ha nako e ntse e ea, haeba leano la letlole lena le ne le e-na le bokhoni, ka mor’a nako e itseng motjhelete a ka rekisa karolo ea hae ho feta kamoo ae rekileng kateng ‘me a etsa phaello, bonyane sena ke kamoo tsohle li shebahalang kateng lefatšeng le loketseng.

Beng ba Lichelete tse Kopanetsoeng

Lichelete tsa mokhatlo oa lichelete li laoloa ke khamphani ea tsamaiso, ke basebetsi ba khampani ea tsamaiso ba etsang qeto ea hore na ke lisebelisoa life tse lokelang ho reka ka chelete ea ba nang le kabelo e le ho ba tlisetsa melemo ea lichelete. Khampani ea tsamaiso ke setsi sa lichelete. Ho na le lik’hamphani tse kholo tsa tsamaiso ea 50 Russia, tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tseo e leng karolo ea sehlopha se seholo sa lichelete. Ka mohlala, sehlopha sa lichelete sa Sberbank, se kenyeletsang banka, k’hamphani ea barekisi le k’hamphani ea tsamaiso – Sberbank Asset Management.
Khampani ea tsamaiso e na le boikarabelo ba ho theha mokhatlo oa lichelete, tsamaiso ea trust ea thepa ea letlole, e etsa qeto mabapi le theko, thekiso ea thepa ea letlole, ‘me e ikarabella ho khutlisetsa chelete ho ba nang le kabelo. U ka reka letlole le kopaneng eseng ka kotloloho ho tsoa ho khamphani ea botsamaisi, empa ka moemeli, joalo ka ba bangata, ka tsela, hangata ba etsa joalo. Baemeli ke: libanka, lik’hamphani tsa barekisi, empa ho na le bokhoni bo eketsehileng ba ho etsa sena ka ho toba le k’hamphani ea tsamaiso, hobane joale e tla ikarabella ho motsete bakeng sa boikarabelo ba eona. Lik’hamphani tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa tsamaiso ea Russia ho ea ka boleng ba thepa, ke hore, ka chelete eo k’hamphani e nang le eona tsamaisong hona joale, ke: Sberbank Asset Management, VTB Capital Asset Management, Alfa Capital, Raiffeisen Capital, polokelo ea penshene. .

Ho na le lichelete life tse kopanetsoeng le hore na ke khetho efe e ka tšoanelang mang

Haeba motjhelete a nahana ho tsetela ho likarolo, ho na le lintlha tse ‘maloa tse lokelang ho nahanoa:

1. Lichelete tse kopanetsoeng li fapana ka lehlakoreng la matsete , ke hore, ho na le lichelete tse kopanetsoeng tse tsetelang ho li-stock, li-bond, lichelete, thekiso ea matlo, litšepe tsa bohlokoa le bonono. Empa o hloka ho utloisisa hore lichelete tse kopanetsoeng tsa likarolo ha li romele liperesente tse lekholo tsa chelete eohle ho likarolo, joalo ka molao, ho na le lithibelo tse itseng tse tsitsitseng, mohlala, haeba e le letlole le kopaneng la likarolo, joale 80% ea chelete e lokela ho tseteloa ka likarolo, 20% e ka oela ho li-bond.
2. Ho na le lichelete tse tsoakaneng tse kopanetsoeng tse tsetelang 50% ho isa ho 50%. Halofo e fuoa li-stocks, tse ling kaofela ho li-bonds. Naheng ea Russia, li arotsoe ka lichelete tse kopanetsoeng bakeng sa batseteli ba tšoanelehang ba tsetelang matlotlo afe kapa afe, esita le a kotsi ka ho fetesisa, hammoho le lichelete tse kopanetsoeng tse fumanehang ho bamameli ba bangata: batseteli ba sa tšoaneleheng, kapa barekisi ba mabenkele. Lethathamo la thepa ea bona e fumanehang e lekanyelitsoe ho lisebelisoa tsa lichelete tse kotsi haholo.

Re u hopotsa hore litlamo ke sesebelisoa se ka tšeptjoang ka ho fetisisa
. Ka hona, ha motjhelete a utloisisa hore na letlole la kopanelo le tla tsetela chelete ea hae hokae, ho bohlokoa ho tloaelana le phatlalatso ea matsete ea letlole le leng le le leng, hobane e bolela ka ho hlaka hore na ke karolo efe ea lichelete le hore na lik’hamphani tsa taolo li na le tokelo ea ho tsetela ho eng. Ho phaella ho lisebelisoa tseo chelete ea li-depositors li eang ho tsona, lichelete tse kopanetsoeng lia fapana tabeng ea ho reka le ho rekisa likarolo ho latela nako. Ho na le mekhahlelo e 3 ea mantlha mona:

• Open mutual funds, tseo likabelo tsa tsona li ka rekoang le ho lopolloa ka tsela ea sebele letsatsi le leng le le leng. Lichelete tse joalo tse kopanetsoeng, ka lebaka la hore chelete e ka nkoa ka potlako ho bona, e kenya chelete ka thepa ea metsi, mohlala, ka likarolo tsa li-chips tse putsoa , tseo kamehla ho nang le tlhokahalo;
• interval funds – diyuniti tse ka rekoang kapa tsa rekisoa ka nako e itseng. E le molao, sena se ka etsoa ka makhetlo a ‘maloa ka selemo;
• Sehlopha sa boraro ke lichelete tse koetsoeng , tseo likarolo tsa tsona li ka rekoang feela ka nako eo letlole le ntseng le thehoa, ‘me le rekisoa ha letlole le koetsoe.

Mofuta oa bobeli le oa boraro – lichelete tsa nakoana le tse koetsoeng li ka khona ho kenya chelete ka lisebelisoa tse fokolang tsa metsi, hobane li bolela esale pele hore na batseteli ba ka ntša chelete ho bona neng. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lisebelisoa tse fokolang tsa metsi li na le likotsi tse ngata, empa ka lehlakoreng le leng, li na le monyetla o motle oa phaello. Ka hona, ho molemo hore li-conservatives li khethe lichelete tse kopanetsoeng tse bulehileng. Haeba motjhelete a se a itokiselitse ho ipeha kotsing, joale nako kapa e koetsoeng e tla etsa joalo.

Karolo e le ‘ngoe ke bokae

Re u hopotsa hore theko ea kabelo e fetoha letsatsi le leng le le leng, ‘me ho latela seo e itšetlehile ka ho toba ka boleng ba thepa eo letlole le e fumaneng. Lekeno la babeeletsi le tla laolwa ke hore na theko ya kabelo e nyolohile hakae. U ka latela matla a theko ea kabelo webosaeteng ea lik’hamphani tsa taolo le mehloling e meng e bulehileng. Lichelete tsena li phatlalatsa theko ea kabelo letsatsi le leng le le leng qetellong ea letsatsi, le nako le tse koetsoeng bonyane hang ka khoeli. Ha o reka karolo, motseteli o lefa chelete e ngata. E, ho itšetlehile ka chelete ea lichelete tse tsetelitsoeng, le moemeli eo ho rekoang lichelete tse kopanetsoeng ho etsoang ka eona, e ka fihla ho karolo ea 5 lekholong ea chelete ea matsete. Ha u rekisa karolo, u etsa joalo ka seo ho thoeng ke theolelo. Ho itšetlehile ka hore na motjhelete o na le kabelo nako e kae, ho latela maemo a khethehileng a moemeli. E le molao, theolelo ha e fete liperesente tse tharo tsa boleng ba eona.

1. Ho fumaneha . Matsete a lichelete tse kopanetsoeng a na le moeli o tlase oa ho kena. O ka qala ho tloha ho li-ruble tse 1000
2. Bohlale ba tsamaiso . Litsebi li laola chelete ea bo-ramatsete. Ha e le hantle, khang ena ha e na thuso, hobane litsebi li tseba ho tsetela: bula akhaonto, reka lisebelisoa tsa lichelete, beha boemo ba ho bula khoebo. Empa litsebi ha li tsebe hore na li reke eng hore u be milione hosane hobane, ka bomalimabe, mebaraka ea lichelete e sa lebelloa ka tlhaho. Ka hona, ka linako tse ling, Paul the octopus e ka fana ka likhakanyo tse nepahetseng tsa setoko ho feta setsebi se nang le boiphihlelo ba lilemo tse ngata.
3. Kotulo e phahameng . Ha lichelete tse kopanetsoeng li rekisoa, moreki o bolelloa ka chelete e ka bang teng e phahameng, e tla ba e phahameng ho feta chelete ea li-depositi. Ntlha ea pele, chelete e tsoang ho mutual fund ha e tiisetsoe ka tsela leha e le efe mme mutual fund e kenya chelete ka mofuta o itseng oa thepa. Haeba ‘maraka o sa hōle ka nako eo ha motjhelete a e-na le mokhatlo oa lichelete, joale mokoloko oa lichelete o ke ke oa bontša phaello leha e le efe, ha phaello ea deposit e ntse e tsitsitse. Ka kakaretso, ho loketse ho bapisa lihlahisoa tsa lichelete tse kopanetsoeng eseng ka deposit, empa ka index. Joale u ka utloisisa hore na tsamaiso e sebetsang e na le phaello e kae – ho tsetela feela ho index.
4. Ba bua ka likomishene tse tlase , empa tlhahisoleseling ha se kamehla e leng ‘nete. Chelete e kopanetsoeng ke pale e turang haholo ho motho ea e rekang, ‘me, ehlile, e theko e boima ho feta ho tsetela u le mong.
5. Mokelikeli . Likarolo tsa lichelete tse bulehileng li ka rekisoa ka nako leha e le efe ntle le tahlehelo e eketsehileng, sena ke ‘nete, empa haeba re bua ka likarolo tsa lisebelisoa tsa metsi, joale sena se ka etsoa ka nako leha e le efe ntle le tahlehelo e eketsehileng.
6. Lekhetho la khetho . Lik’hamphani tse ling tsa lichelete li re ka kholo ea thepa ea lichelete tse kopanetsoeng, bo-ramatsete ba ka lokoloha lekhethong la chelete haeba ba fumana li-ruble tse ka tlase ho limilione tse tharo ka selemo ka likarolo, haeba ba na le likarolo tse fetang lilemo tse tharo. Sena se tšoana le ka limmaraka tse tloaelehileng le tsa stock. Ka hona, lekhetho la lekeno la kholo ea boleng ba thepa ha le lefshoe.

Phapano ke efe lipakeng tsa mutual fund le ETF?

Kajeno, sesebelisoa sa ETF se ntse se tsebahala
, ke hore, lichelete tse rekisoang ka phapanyetsano, li tumme haholo ho feta chelete e ntle ea khale ea retro-grad mutual funds. Haeba re bapisa lichelete tse kopanetsoeng le li-ETF, joale melemo ea bobeli e lutse holim’a metsi.

1. Taba ea pele, li na le metsi a mangata, ho bonolo ho li reka, li rekoa ka ak’haonte ea barekisi kapa re ka e reka le li-platform tse ling, hape ho na le phaello ea lekhetho.
2. Lichelete tse kopanetsoeng li rekoa ofising ea k’hamphani ea tsamaiso, webosaeteng ea bona. Ho ke ke ha khoneha ho reka letlole la kopanelo ka ak’haonte ea barekisi le li-platform tse ling. Ena ke ntlha e mpe.
3. Lichelete tse kopanetsoeng li laoloa ka mafolofolo. Baokameli ba lula ba leka ho fetisa index, ha ETF e batla e latela index ea stock.
4. Bakeng sa letlōle la lichelete, haeba komisi e le karolo ea 3.5 lekholong, e sa bale li-markups le litheolelo, joale bakeng sa ETFs, likomishene li tlaase. Naheng ea Russia, sena se ka tlase ho karolo e le ‘ngoe, ‘me ha ho na lintho tse ling tse makatsang tse lokelang ho lebelloa mona.

Lichelete tse ling li na le mokhoa o mobe oa ho fetola melao ea matsete ka tšohanyetso le batseteli ba tsetelang’ chelete matlotlong a mang, ha motjhelete a ka ‘na a se ke a tsebisoa. U se ke ua lebella lintho tse makatsang tse tsoang ho ETFs.

Li-ETF

Chelete ea lichelete e ntse e felloa ke nako butle-butle ha ho tluoa tabeng ea lichelete tse kopanetsoeng tse fanang ka lichelete ho lisebelisoa tse rekisoang ka phapanyetsano. Ho na le likhetho tse peli mona:

1. Ho kenya chelete ho ETF hangata ke mokhoa o mong o nang le chelete e ngata bakeng sa motseteli ho feta letlole le kopaneng.
2. Mokhoa o mong oa bobeli ke theko e ikemetseng ea li-share, li-bond, lisebelisoa tse ling tsa lichelete : ho akhaonto ea motho ka mong bakeng sa letsete la nako e telele, ‘me ka mor’a moo ho fumana ho fokotsa lekhetho.

Esita le motjhelete oa li-novice a ka iketsetsa li-
portfolio ho feta kamoo baokameli ba litsebi ba mo etsetsang eona. Ntho e ‘ngoe ke hore bakeng sa sena u hloka ho ba le tsebo e itseng, haeba motjhelete a se na tsebo e joalo, joale ho molemo ho reka lichelete tsa ETF.

Ke maemong afe moo lichelete tse kopanetsoeng li ka bang thahasello?

Mohlala, haeba motho a shebile thekiso ea matlo, joale chelete ea thekiso ea matlo le meaho e ka fetoha sesebelisoa se ikhethileng ho eena. Ha e le hantle ena ke analogue ea Russia ea litekanyetso tsa Amerika. Kapa lichelete tse kopanetsoeng tse tsetelang linthong tsa bonono, hobane ho thata haholo hore motjhelete a se na litsebo tse khethehileng ho tsetela indastering ea IT, joale lichelete tse kopanetsoeng mona li thusa bohle ba batlang ho leka sebakeng sena ho etsa sena.

Mokhoa oa ho tsetela ho kopanelo ea lichelete?

E le hore u sebelise chelete ka chelete e kopanetsoeng, u tla hloka ho bula akhaonto le mofani oa chelete, haeba akhaonto e bulehile, joale e sala e le ho fumana tabo e nang le lethathamo la lichelete tse kopanetsoeng le ho khetha e loketseng. Maikutlo a litsebi a molemo, empa ke ntho e lakatsehang hore motjhelete a utloisise lintho tsa motheo tsa moruo ‘me a be le maikutlo a mabapi le’ maraka oa lichelete, haeba ho khoneha, joale a buisane le broker. Sena se nolofalletsa ho khetha PIF e nepahetseng.

Bohlokoa: hlahloba ho fumaneha ha laesense sebakeng sa marang-rang: https://www.cbr.ru/registries/RSCI/activity_uk_if/

Mutual fund chaie rating

mutual fund	Khefutsa	Webosaete
System Capital – Mobile	14.88%	https://sistema-capital.com/catalog/
Khauta ea URALSIB	3.66%	https://www.uralsib.ru/investments-and-insurance/ivestitsii/paevye-investitsionnye-fondy-pif-/
Sberbank – Mmaraka oa mekoloto ea lefats’e	2.58%	https://www.sber-am.ru/individual/funds/
RGS-Zoloto	2.09%	https://www.rgsbank.ru/personal/investment/pif/open/
Raiffeisen – Khauta	2.02%	https://www.raiffeisen.ru/retail/deposit_investing/funds/
Gazprombank – Khauta	1.75%	https://www.gpb-am.ru/individual/pif
Kaho e ncha	1.72%	http://pif.naufor.ru/pif.asp?act=view&id=3164
Khauta-khauta	1.69%	http://www.kapital-pif.ru/ru/about/

Lichelete tse kopanetsoeng (lichelete tse kopanetsoeng): ke eng, ‘me letlole le sebetsa joang, tekanyo ea lichelete tse kopanetsoeng ka ho fetisisa ka phaello: https://youtu.be/GB_UJvUDy_s

Lichelete tse kopanetsoeng tsa Sberbank – ke karolo efe ho Sberbank?

Sberbank ke banka e tsebahalang le e tšepahalang e bileng teng ka lilemo tse fetang 100. Hoa utloahala ho tsetela bankeng e joalo, ‘me bakeng sa sena ho na le mefuta e mengata ea lichelete tse kopanetsoeng, re tla totobatsa tse ka sehloohong:

1. Letlole la bond – Ilya Muromets ( https://www.sberbank.ru/ru/person/investments/pifs/fund_bond_im ). E na le ‘muso, masepala, litlamo tsa khoebo tsa bafani ba tšepahalang ba Russia. E fumana chelete ho tsoa litefong tsa setlankane le kholo ea boleng ba letlotlo. Letlole la matsete a kopaneng le liperesente tse tlase tsa kotsi ea 0-5%, chelete e kenang ka holimo ho inflation ea 8-10% le mokelikeli o itekanetseng.
2. Chelete ea likarolo le li-bond – E leka-lekane ( https://www.sberbank.ru/ru/person/investments/pifs/fund_balanced ). Letlole le kopaneng la kopanelo le kopanya mefuta e ‘meli ea matšeliso. Phaello e tsoang ho phaello ea chelete, chelete e tsoang ho li-bond. E tsetela haholo-holo lisebelisoa tsa lichelete tsa Russia, lihlahisoa tsa 10-20%, kotsi e kholo le mokelikeli o itekanetseng.
3. Letlōle la Dobrynya Nikitich ( https://www.sberbank.ru/ru/person/investments/pifs/fund_equity_dn- ) e na le likarolo tsa lik’hamphani tsa Russia. Ke eng e etsang hore letlole le be kotsi haholo, le be le chelete e ngata 15-20% mme le boloke chelete e lekaneng.

Lichelete tse kopanetsoeng tsa Sberbank: na ho bohlokoa ho tsetela – SBMX, SBSP, SBRB, SBCB le SBGB lichelete tse kopanetsoeng: https://youtu.be/DBrrF-z-1do

Lichelete tse Kopanetsoeng Tinkoff

E nka boemo bo ka sehloohong har’a barekisi ba tummeng, e maemong a pele ho latela palo ea bareki ba mafolofolo le matsete a lichelete tse kopanetsoeng tsa banka, e nkuoa e le khoebo e tšepahalang le e nang le phaello.

1. Eternal RUB portfolio ( https://www.tinkoff.ru/invest/etfs/TRUR/ ) – Letlōle le kenya chelete ka lisebelisoa tse tharo, lihlahisoa tsa Russia le li-bond, khauta. Ho kenya chelete ka lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa lichelete ho u lumella hore u nke kotsi e fokolang ha u kenya chelete, empa ka nako e ts’oanang e etsa hore e fane ka chelete e tlaase ea 5-10%. Theko ea ho kena ke li-ruble tse 6.04.
2. Chelete e sa feleng ea USD ( https://www.tinkoff.ru/invest/etfs/TUSD/ ) – e fana ka matsete a lichelete tsa Amerika, li-bond le khauta ka likarolo tse tharo tse lekanang. Hlahisa ka liranta 5-10%, ka boemo bo tlaase ba kotsi. Theko ea karolo e ka bang lidolara tse 0.2.
3. Chelete e sa feleng ea EU R ( https://www.tinkoff.ru/invest/etfs/TEUR/ ) – e fana ka matsete a lichelete tsa Europe, likoloto le khauta ka likarolo tse tharo tse lekanang. Lihlahisoa ka euro 3-5%, kotsi e tlaase. Litsenyehelo tsa matsete ke li-euro tse 0.10.

Lichelete tse kopanetsoeng Alfa Capital

Khamphani ea tsamaiso e fana ka mofuta o khahlisang oa matsete lik’hamphaning tse fapaneng tsa lefats’e le tsa Russia. Litsebi li sekaseka k’hamphani ka ‘ngoe ebe li tsetela.

• Mohloli ( https://www.alfacapital.ru/individual/pifs/opifa_akn/ ) – mookameli o batla, o hlahloba lihlahisoa tse tšepisang likarolong tsa oli le khase le petrochemical, merafo. Kotulo ke 15-30%.
• Likarolo tsa Liquid ( https://www.alfacapital.ru/individual/pifs/opifa_akliq/ ) – ho khethoa lihlahisoa tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa Russia le linaheng tse ling, tse nang le ts’ebetso e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea lichelete le tebello ea kholo. Hlahisa 15-25%.
• Ho leka- lekana ( https://www.alfacapital.ru/individual/pifs/opif_aks/ ) – matsete a lichelete tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa Russia le li-bond. Kotsi e itekanetseng le ho khutla ha 15-20%.

Chelete e kopanetsoeng ke sesebelisoa se bonolo sa ho tsetela, joalo ka matsete a mang, o hloka ho khetha ka bohlale. Ka ho tsetela licheleteng tse kopanetsoeng, motjhelete ha a hasane ka likarolo tsa motho ka mong, empa o kenya chelete karolong ea moruo kapa indasteri, naha, matšeliso a mmuso le khauta. E bonolo ebile e tla thusa ba fumanang ho le thata ho tseba matsete kapa ba sa batleng ho qeta nako ho sena. Haeba u khetha k’hamphani e ntle ea tsamaiso e nang le lintlha tse phahameng tse tšepahalang, u ka ba le khutso bakeng sa lichelete tse tsetelitsoeng. Ho reka mutual fund, e ea feela ho websaeteng ea broker ‘me u ee tabeng ea Investments, hangata ho na le sehloohoana sa mutual fund, moo u ka boela ua bala sebopeho sa mutual fund le ho bala lihlahisoa, hammoho le ho bala likotsi tsa ho tsetela. Moeli o tlase oa ho kena o kenya letsoho ho khahleheng ha sesebelisoa sa lichelete. Litsenyehelo tsa letlole la mutual li fapana ho tloha ho li-ruble tse 6 ho ea holimo, hangata morekisi kapa khamphani ea botsamaisi e khetha li-ruble tse 100 kapa 1000 joalo ka chelete e tlase. Ka nako e ts’oanang, palo ea likarolo tse rekiloeng ha e na moeli. [id-caption id = “attach_12092” align = “aligncenter” wide = “1628”]
Mabaka a 6 a ho reka karolo[/caption]

Nako ea lichelete

Motjhelete a ka reka le ho rekisa karolo ka letsatsi le le leng, empa o lokela ho utloisisa hore joale lichelete li lahleheloa ke likomishene. Ha u ntse u e-na le karolo e telele, chelete e ngata e ruisang molemo, e hohelang ka linomoro tse ntle tse nang le phaello e phahameng, li bolela nako ea lilemo tse 3 kapa tse 5, bakeng sa matsete a khoeli a ka ‘na a se ke a eketsa boleng ba kabelo.

Kotsi

Ho na le likarolo tse fapaneng tse nang le boemo bo tlaase ba kotsi, empa joale lihlahisoa li tla ba tlase. Ha phaello e phahame, kotsi e phahame. Kaha lisebelisoa tsa lichelete ha li sireletsehe ho feto-fetoha ha ‘maraka le ha’ maraka o oa, boleng ba letlole bo ka ‘na ba oa.