Tchipisi ta buluu pamsika waku Russia – komwe mungasungire ndalama mu 2024

Tchipisi ta buluu pamsika wamasheya waku Russia kuyambira 2022.
blue chipstchulani magawo amakampani okhazikika kwambiri mdziko muno. Amatchedwanso masitoko amtundu woyamba. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, poika ndalama mwa iwo, pali chiopsezo chochepa chotaya ndalama. Ndi chinthu chimodzi kukhala ndi magawo a Sberbank, ndi chinanso kwa osadziwika Tiyeni Tipite, omwe chilolezo chawo chikhoza kuchotsedwa nthawi iliyonse. Tchipisi zabuluu zaku Russia ndi atsogoleri pamakampani, ndipo ambiri aiwo amalamulidwa ndi boma ku Russia. Boma ndilo gawo lalikulu la Gazprom – zoposa 50% za magawo. Zogawana ndizofunika kwambiri pa bajeti, kotero osunga ndalama sakayikira kuti ngati mavuto abuka, boma lidzapereka thandizo la ndalama. Ambiri mwa tchipisi ta buluu ndi makampani anzeru mdziko muno. Gazprom ndi gawo limodzi lokha lagasi. Polyus ndi mtsogoleri wa migodi ya golide. Kuwonekera kwa mpikisano woyenera sikungatheke – kuti mulowe mumsikawu mukufunikira ndalama zambiri.

Mawu oti “tchipisi ta buluu” amachokera ku poker ndipo amakhala osasinthasintha. Palibe njira zomveka bwino zomwe kampani imayikidwa ngati kampani ya blue chip ku Russia. Koma mfundo zazikuluzikulu zikhoza kudziwika.

Kampaniyo iyenera kudziwika kwambiri mdziko muno, kukhala ndi phindu lokhazikika kwazaka zingapo. Zogawana ziyenera kukhala zazikulu kwambiri. Kampaniyo iyenera kukhala ndi bizinesi yokhazikika, ndipo boma liyenera kukhala ndi chidwi ndi chitukuko chamakampani.

Ubwino wa masitoko a gawo loyamba

Kodi ubwino wa Russian blue chips ndi chiyani

Liquidity

Kukwera kwamadzimadzi kwa gawoli, ndikosavuta kugulitsa zinthu zomwe zilipo za voliyumu yayikulu. Zimatengeranso kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zingachitike pafupi ndi mtengo wamsika. Tchipisi zabuluu zaku Russia zili ndi ndalama zabwino kwambiri – zimagulitsidwa tsiku lililonse ndi mazana amalonda. Chifukwa chake, kubweza kwatsiku ndi tsiku kwa Sberbank kapena Gazprom ndi ma ruble mabiliyoni ambiri.

Kudalirika

Wogulitsa ndalama yemwe ali ndi magawo oyamba (tchipisi cha buluu cha ku Russia) akhoza kukhala ndi chidaliro pazachuma chake. Makampaniwa ali ndi bizinesi yokhazikika, ma ratings apamwamba angongole, ocheperako komanso zinthu zambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndalama zamagawo awa zimalangizidwa kwa oyamba kumene.

Zogawana

Makampani ambiri a blue chip ku Russia amapereka malipiro. Awa ndi makampani okhazikika omwe amatha kugawana gawo la phindu ndi eni ake. Gawo lalikulu la bajeti ya zigawo zina ndi zopindula. Makampani omwe ali ndi boma ku Russia ayenera kulipira osachepera theka la phindu lawo monga malipiro. [id id mawu = “attach_12310” align = “aligncenter” wide = “492”]
Kapangidwe ka tchipisi ta buluu[/ mawu] Masheya ena onse okhala ndi voliyumu yaying’ono yogulitsira komanso magwiridwe antchito osakhazikika amatchedwa “Second Tier”, “Third Tier”, etc. Kukwera kwa echelon kumapangitsa kuti katundu wake akhale wotsika kwambiri. Choncho, Investor sakumana ndi mavuto kugulitsa mtengo Rosneft kwa rubles mamiliyoni angapo. Kugulitsa kudzachitika mkati mwa mphindi zochepa. Mu magawo a echelon yachitatu, mavuto ndi kugulitsa magawo (palibe ogula) amayamba kale pamtengo wa 100-200 zikwi rubles. Masheya achiwiri amatha kuwonetsa
kusakhazikika kwakukulu kwa 20% patsiku kapena kupitilira apo. Tchipisi za buluu zili ndi kusinthasintha kochepa.
Ogulitsa akuluakulu akunja choyamba amasankha makampani akuluakulu komanso odalirika ndipo musawagulitse popanda zifukwa zomveka. Ogulitsa akuluakulu akunja ndi ndalama za penshoni, hedge funds, zitsanzo zowopsa zomwe sizimalola kuyika ndalama m’matangadza okhala ndi ngongole yochepa. Kuchuluka kwa ndalama zakunja kotero kumapita kumakampani okhazikika kwambiri aku Russia. Pension and hedge funds sangagule magawo achiwiri ndi achitatu chifukwa chosowa ndalama zokwanira komanso/kapena kutsika kwangongole. Zosintha pamagawo agawo lachiwiri sizofunikira nthawi zonse. Kwenikweni, kukwera kapena kugwa ndikongopeka, ndipo wogulitsa ndalama sangakhale wotsimikiza kuti ngati katundu wakwera ndi 20-30% lero, adzagwa ndi 50-80% mawa popanda chifukwa. Kukula kwa mawu ndi kwanthawi yayitali ndipo kumathandizidwa ndi zifukwa zazikulu. Masheya awa ayenera kuganiziridwa kuti awononge nthawi yayitali. TOP-5 magawo agawidwe a Moscow Exchange mu Januware 2022 – komwe mungasungire ndalama: https://youtu.be/L73j_Xa_lhA

Mndandanda wamatchipisi abuluu pamsika waku Russia wa 2022

Posintha mawu amakampani akulu kwambiri mdziko muno, amafika pachimake pazachuma chonse.
Moscow Exchange imawerengera
MOEXBC blue chip index . Mndandanda wamakono wa tchipisi tabuluu umasindikizidwa patsamba lovomerezeka la Moscow Exchange. Mndandanda wa MOEXBC supezeka pa malonda, ndi chizindikiro cha msika.
Ku Russia, makampani 15 ali a echelon yoyamba. Ndi m’makampani awa omwe amalonda odziwa zambiri komanso omwe angoyamba kumene kumvetsetsa ndalama ayenera kuyikapo ndalama. Ndi magawo a makampani akuluakulu, wogulitsa ndalama ali ndi ufulu wopeza gawo laling’ono la phindu, ndipo panthawi yokonza msika ndi bwino kulandirabe ndalama. Makampani ambiri amapereka malipiro okhazikika kwa zaka zambiri, mosasamala kanthu za msika. Ganizirani za tchipisi ta buluu zaku Russia mwatsatanetsatane:

1. Polyus Gold ndiye mtsogoleri wamakampani opanga migodi ku Russia. Pazaka 10, magawo adakwera mtengo ndi 1307%, ndi zokolola zapachaka za 4.66%.
2. TCS Group ndi gulu lazachuma lamakampani, chuma chachikulu ndi Tinkoff Bank. Kuphatikiza apo, Inshuwalansi ya Tinkoff ndi Investment ya Tinkoff ikuphatikizidwa . Kukula pazaka 3 566%, pafupifupi zokolola zapachaka zimapeza 0.91%.
3. Yandex ndi chitukuko cha injini yofufuzira, kuwonjezera apo, Yandex imapereka ma taxi, kutumiza chakudya, njira yolipirira zamagetsi, etc. Kukula kwa zaka 10 ndi 416%, kampaniyo sipereka malipiro, imakonda kuyika phindu pa chitukuko.
4. Novatek ndiye mtsogoleri pakupanga gasi ku Russia. Kukula pazaka 10 375%, avareji pachaka gawo lopeza 2.4%
5. MMC Norilsk Nickel ndiye mgodi wamkulu wazitsulo zopanda chitsulo, palladium ndi faifi tambala. Kukula pazaka 10 ndi 324%, pafupifupi zokolola zapachaka zimapeza 9.09%.
6. Sberbank – banki yaikulu ya Russia, ali ndi nthambi pafupifupi mzinda uliwonse mu dziko. Gawo lalikulu la magawo ndi la boma. Kukula kwazaka 10 ndi 365%, pafupifupi zokolola zapachaka zimapeza 6.43%
7. Lukoil ndiye kampani yayikulu kwambiri yopanga mafuta ku Russia. Kuchita nawo m’zigawo ndi kukonza mafuta ndi gasi. Kukula kwazaka 10 ndi 332%, pafupifupi zokolola zamagulu ndi 6.3%.
8. Polymetal ndiye mgodi waukulu kwambiri wazitsulo zamtengo wapatali ku Russia. Kukula kwazaka 10 ndi 319%, pafupifupi zokolola zamagulu ndi 4.29%.
9. Tatneft ndi kampani yayikulu kwambiri yopanga mafuta. Kukula kwazaka 10 ndi 262%, pafupifupi zokolola zamagulu ndi 8.04%.
10. NLMK ndiye kampani yayikulu kwambiri yaku Russia yopanga zitsulo. Kukula kwazaka 10 ndi 250%, pafupifupi zokolola zamagulu ndi 10.9%.
11. Rosneft ndiye kampani yayikulu kwambiri yamafuta ku Russia. Kukula kwa zaka 10 ndi 199%, pafupifupi zokolola zamagulu ndi 3.55%.
12. Magnit ndiye sitolo yayikulu kwambiri yamagolosale, zodzoladzola ndi zinthu zapakhomo. Kukula kwa zaka 10 ndi 125%, pafupifupi gawo lililonse limapereka 5.5%.
13. Gazprom ndi yekhayo amene amatumiza gasi kunja. Gawo lalikulu la magawo ndi la boma. Kukula kwazaka 10 ndi 114%, pafupifupi zokolola zamagulu ndi 6.66%.
14. MTS ndiye woyendetsa wamkulu kwambiri wam’manja. Kukula kwazaka 10 ndi 73.4%, pafupifupi zokolola zamagulu ndi 11%.
15. Surgutneftegaz ndi kampani yolumikizana yamasheya yomwe imagwirizanitsa mabizinesi opangira mafuta ku Russia. Kukula kwazaka 10 ndi 47.1%, pafupifupi zokolola zamagulu ndi 1.89%.

Tchipisi za buluu zamsika waku Russia – komwe mungasungire ndalama: https://youtu.be/emCE4DldKW8

Kuyika ndalama mu tchipisi tabuluu tamakampani aku Russia

Phindu kuchokera kuzinthu zamabizinesi abuluu aku Russia amapangidwa ndi magawo apachaka, ndipo makampani ena amalipira magawo nthawi zambiri – kamodzi kotala komanso kutengera kukula kwa msika. Kukula kochulukira kwa mawu ndi njira yayitali, imatha kutenga zaka. Koma malipiro okhazikika amapereka ndalama zoyendetsera ndalama ngakhale pamene ma quotes akugwa. Makampani sangapereke malipiro pokhapokha pakagwa mavuto aakulu omwe akhudza dziko lonse.

Chifukwa cha chipwirikiti cha coronavirus, makampani ambiri alengeza zochepetsera magawo ndipo ena amakakamizidwa kuti asapereke zopindulitsa mu 2020.

Kugula masheya a blue-chip ndikopindulitsa kwambiri pakugulitsa mantha. Zinthu zikayamba kuyenda bwino, tchipisi tabuluu tikukula mwachangu kuposa masitoko amtundu wachiwiri. Ndipo kutsika kwa ma quotes sikuli kofunikira. Kuchuluka kwa zopindula ndi mtengo wokhazikika wovomerezedwa ndi Board of Shareholders. Zimatengera phindu la kampaniyo, osati pamtengo wagawo. Pamene ma quotes akugwa, zokolola zamagulu zimakwera, zomwe zimachepetsanso kuchepa. Pakubwezanso, wogulitsa ndalama atha kupeza 20-30% ya mbiriyo munthawi yochepa kapena kusiya magawo ogulidwa mopindulitsa poyembekezera kukula kwina. Kutengera likulu la Investor, pali njira zingapo zopangira ndalama ku Russia tchipisi ta buluu:

1. Ndizotheka kugula ETF , monga DIVD ETF, yomwe ili ndi makampani okhazikika, omwe amapereka malipiro. Njira iyi ndi yoyenera kwa osunga ndalama omwe ali ndi ndalama zazing’ono, zosakwana ma ruble 50 zikwi. [id id mawu = “attach_12042” align = “aligncenter” wide = “800”] MICEX ETF[/caption]
2. Sonkhanitsani nokha mbiri ya tchipisi tabuluu . Pankhaniyi, m’pofunika kugula magawo 15 mu magawo ofanana. Kutengera mtengo wagawo lokwera mtengo kwambiri la MMC Norilsk Nickel, ndalama zocheperako ndi 350,000 rubles. Ngati simukuphatikiza Norilsk Nickel ndikugula magawo 14 otsala, ndalama zochepa zimachepetsedwa mpaka ma ruble 85 zikwi. Mutha kugula mbiri yonse nthawi imodzi kapena kugula magawo owonjezera pamndandanda womwewo kamodzi pamwezi kapena kamodzi kotala.
3. Wogulitsa ndalama sangagule mbiri ya masheya, koma azigulitsa muzinthu zinazake kapena masheya angapo . Choncho anthu ena amene ankagwira ntchito pakampani ya Tatneft ndipo ankaona bizinesiyo mkati mwake ankagula masheya mwezi uliwonse kwa zaka zambiri.

Kugulitsa ma sheya kwakwera kwambiri penshoni. Njirayi ndiyowopsa kwambiri – ngati kampaniyo sichita zomwe zikuyembekezeka ndikusiya msika, mutha kutaya ndalama. Mwachitsanzo, izi zidachitikira eni ake a Yukos. Ndi mbiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, kutayika sikofunikira pazachuma ndipo kumatha kulipidwa ndi maudindo ena opindulitsa. Mukayika ndalama mu magawo 1-2, wogulitsa ndalama amataya chilichonse. Koma phindu ndilokwera ngati zoneneratu zili zolondola.