Ama-chips aluhlaza emakethe yamasheya yaseRussia – lapho ungatshala khona ngo-2025

Ama-chips aluhlaza emakethe yamasheya yaseRussia kusukela ngo-2022.
ama-blue chipssho amasheya ezinkampani ezizinze kakhulu ezweni. Zibizwa nangokuthi izitoko zesigaba sokuqala. Ngokwezibalo, lapho utshala imali kuzo, kunengozi encane yokulahlekelwa ukutshalwa kwezimali. Kuyinto eyodwa ukuba namasheya e-Sberbank, futhi enye into engaziwa ethi Masihambe, ilayisensi yabo ingathathwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ama-chips aseRussia aluhlaza angabaholi embonini, futhi abaningi babo balawulwa nguhulumeni eRussia. Umbuso ungumnikazi wamasheya oyinhloko weGazprom – ngaphezu kwe-50% yamasheya. Izabelo ziwumugqa obalulekile wesabelomali, ngakho abatshalizimali abangabazi ukuthi uma kuphakama izinkinga, umbuso uzohlinzeka ngosizo lwezezimali. Ama-chips amaningi aluhlaza yizinkampani zamasu ezweni. I-Gazprom iwumnikazi wegesi othunyelwa ngaphandle. UPolyus ungumholi wezimayini zegolide. Ukuvela komncintiswano ofanelekayo akunakwenzeka – ukungena kule makethe udinga imali eningi.

Igama elithi “blue chips” livela ku-poker futhi alinangqondo. Azikho izindlela ezicacile lapho inkampani ihlukaniswa njengenkampani ye-blue chip eRussia. Kodwa izindlela eziyinhloko zingabonakala.

Inkampani kumele yaziwe kabanzi ezweni, ibe nokukhula kwenzuzo okuzinzile iminyaka eminingana. Amasheya kufanele abe nosonhlamvukazi abaphezulu. Inkampani kufanele ibe nemodeli yebhizinisi esimeme, futhi umbuso kufanele ube nentshisekelo ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni.

Izinzuzo zezitoko zesigaba sokuqala

Yiziphi izinzuzo zama-chips aseRussia aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

I-Liquidity

Ukuphakama kwe-liquidity yesabelo, kuba lula ukuthengisa izimpahla ezikhona zevolumu enkulu. Kuphinde futhi kuncike emalini etholakalayo emakethe ukuthi umsebenzi uzokwenziwa eduze kangakanani nenani lemakethe. Ama-chips aseRussia aluhlaza anemali ehamba phambili – adayiswa nsuku zonke ngamakhulu abadayisi. Ngakho-ke inzuzo yansuku zonke ye-Sberbank noma i-Gazprom ingamashumi ezigidigidi zama-ruble.

Ukwethembeka

Umtshali-zimali onamasheya esigaba sokuqala (ama-chips aseRussia aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) angaqiniseka ekutshaleni kwakhe imali. Lezi zinkampani zinebhizinisi elizinzile, izilinganiso eziphezulu zezikweletu, amandla amancane kanye nezinsiza ezengeziwe. Yingakho ukutshalwa kwezimali kulawa masheya belulekwa kwabaqalayo.

Izabelo

Iningi lezinkampani eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eRussia zikhokha izinzuzo. Lezi izinkampani ezisimeme ezingabelana ngengxenye yenzuzo nabanikazi bamasheya. Ingxenye enkulu yesabelomali kwezinye izifunda izabelo. Izinkampani zikahulumeni eRussia kufanele zikhokhe okungenani ingxenye yenzuzo yazo ngendlela yezabelo. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_12310” align = “aligncenter” wide = “492”]
Isakhiwo samashiphu aluhlaza[/ amazwibela] Ezinye izitoko ezinevolumu encane yokuhweba nokusebenza okungazinzile kubizwa ngokuthi “Isigaba Sesibili”, “Isigaba Sesithathu”, njll. Ukuphakama kwe-echelon order, i-stock iyancipha uketshezi. Ngakho-ke, umtshali-zimali akatholi ubunzima ekuthengiseni isigxobo eRosneft ngama-ruble ayizigidi ezimbalwa. Umsebenzi uzokwenzeka emizuzwini embalwa. Ezabelo ze-echelon yesithathu, izinkinga ngokudayiswa kwamasheya (akukho nje abathengi) ziqala kakade ngamanani angama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-100-200. Izitoko zesigaba sesibili zingabonisa
ukuguquguquka okuphezulu okungama-20% ngosuku noma ngaphezulu. Ama-chips aluhlaza anokushintshashintsha okuphansi.
Abatshalizimali abakhulu bangaphandle kuqala bakhethe izinkampani ezinkulu nezithembekile futhi bangazithengisi ngaphandle kwezizathu ezinhle. Abatshalizimali abakhulu bakwamanye amazwe bayizikhwama zempesheni, i-hedge funds, izibonelo zobungozi ezingakuvumeli ukutshala imali esitokweni esinezinga eliphansi lesikweletu. Ngakho-ke, ukungena kokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe kuya ezinkampanini ezizinzile kakhulu zaseRussia. Izikhwama zempesheni kanye ne-hedge azikwazi ukuthenga isitokwe sesigaba sesibili nesesithathu ngenxa yemali enganele kanye/noma izilinganiso eziphansi zezikweletu. Izinguquko ezicashuni zezabelo zesigaba sesi-2 azibalulekile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokuyinhloko, ukuphakama noma ukuwa kuwukucabangela, futhi umtshali-zimali akakwazi ukuqiniseka ukuthi uma isitoko sikhuphuka ngo-20-30% namuhla, sizokwehla ngo-50-80% kusasa ngaphandle kwesizathu. Ukukhula kwezingcaphuno kuyinto yesikhathi eside futhi kusekelwa izizathu ezibalulekile. Lezi zitoko kufanele zicatshangelwe ukutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi eside. Izabelo ze-TOP-5 ze-dividend ze-Moscow Exchange ngoJanuwari 2022 – lapho ungatshala khona: https://youtu.be/L73j_Xa_lhA

Uhlu lwama-chips aluhlaza emakethe yamasheya yaseRussia lwango-2022

Ngokushintsha izingcaphuno zezinkampani ezinkulu zezwe, zithola isiphetho mayelana nesimo somnotho sisonke.
I- Moscow Exchange ibala i-
MOEXBC blue chip index . Uhlu lwamanje lwama-chips aluhlaza lushicilelwe kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Moscow Exchange. Inkomba ye-MOEXBC ayitholakali ukuthi ihwebe, iyinkomba yemakethe.
E-Russia, izinkampani ezingu-15 ziyingxenye yokuqala. Kukulezi zinkampani lapho bobabili abadayisi abanolwazi nalabo abasaqala ukuqonda ukutshalwa kwezimali kufanele batshale kuqala. Ngamasheya ezinkampani ezinkulu, umtshali-zimali unelungelo lokuthola ingxenye encane yenzuzo, futhi ngesikhathi sokulungiswa emakethe kuhle ukuthi usathola imali engenayo. Izinkampani eziningi zikhokha izabelo ezizinzile iminyaka eminingi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo semakethe sinjani. Cabangela ama-chips aluhlaza aseRussia ngokuningiliziwe:

1. I- Polyus Gold ingumholi wemboni yezimayini zegolide eRussia. Eminyakeni eyi-10, amasheya akhuphuke intengo ngo-1307%, kanti isivuno esijwayelekile sonyaka ngu-4.66%.
2. I- TCS Group iyiqembu lezezimali lezinkampani, impahla eyinhloko i-Tinkoff Bank. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Tinkoff Insurance kanye ne- Tinkoff Investments ifakiwe . Ukukhula ngeminyaka emi-3 ngu-566%, isivuno esijwayelekile sonyaka singu-0.91%.
3. I- Yandex ingukuthuthukiswa kwenjini yokusesha, ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Yandex inikeza izinsizakalo zamatekisi, ukulethwa kokudla, uhlelo lokukhokha nge-elekthronikhi, njll. Ukukhula ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10 yi-416%, inkampani ayikhokhi izabelo, ikhetha ukutshala inzuzo ekuthuthukisweni.
4. I- Novatek ingumholi ekukhiqizeni igesi eRussia. Ukukhula ngeminyaka eyi-10 ngo-375%, isivuno esimaphakathi sonyaka singu-2.4%
5. I- MMC i-Norilsk Nickel ingumvukuzi omkhulu kunayo yonke yezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi, i-palladium ne-nickel. Ukukhula ngeminyaka eyi-10 ngo-324%, isivuno esijwayelekile sonyaka singu-9.09%.
6. I- Sberbank – ibhange elikhulu laseRussia, linegatsha cishe kunoma yiliphi idolobha ezweni. Ingxenye enkulu yamasheya ingeyezwe. Ukukhula ngeminyaka eyi-10 ngo-365%, isivuno esimaphakathi sonyaka singu-6.43%
7. I- Lukoil yinkampani enkulu kunazo zonke ekhiqiza uwoyela eRussia. Uhlanganyele ekukhishweni nasekusetshenzisweni kukawoyela negesi. Ukukhula ngeminyaka eyi-10 ngo-332%, isivuno esijwayelekile singu-6.3%.
8. I- Polymetal ingumvukuzi omkhulu wezinsimbi eziyigugu eRussia. Ukukhula ngeminyaka eyi-10 ngo-319%, isivuno esijwayelekile singu-4.29%.
9. I- Tatneft iyinkampani enkulu kunazo zonke ekhiqiza uwoyela. Ukukhula ngeminyaka eyi-10 ngo-262%, isivuno esijwayelekile singu-8.04%.
10. I- NLMK yinkampani enkulu ye-metallurgical yaseRussia. Ukukhula ngeminyaka eyi-10 ngo-250%, isivuno esimaphakathi se-dividend ngu-10.9%.
11. I- Rosneft iyinkampani enkulu kawoyela e-Russian Federation. Ukukhula ngeminyaka eyi-10 ngo-199%, isivuno esijwayelekile singu-3.55%.
12. I- Magnit iwuchungechunge olukhulu kunazo zonke lwegrosa, izimonyo nezitolo zempahla yasendlini. Ukukhula eminyakeni eyi-10 ngo-125%, isivuno esijwayelekile se-dividend ngu-5.5%.
13. I- Gazprom iwumnikazi we-monopoly ekuthunyelweni kwegesi. Ingxenye enkulu yamasheya ingeyezwe. Ukukhula ngeminyaka eyi-10 ngo-114%, isivuno esijwayelekile singu-6.66%.
14. I- MTS iyi-opharetha yeselula enkulu kunazo zonke. Ukukhula ngeminyaka eyi-10 ngo-73.4%, isivuno esimaphakathi se-dividend ngu-11%.
15. I- Surgutneftegaz yinkampani yamasheya ehlangene ehlanganisa amabhizinisi akhiqiza uwoyela eRussia. Ukukhula ngeminyaka eyi-10 ngo-47.1%, isivuno esijwayelekile singu-1.89%.

Ama-chips aluhlaza emakethe yamasheya yaseRussia – lapho ungatshala khona imali: https://youtu.be/emCE4DldKW8

Ukutshalwa kwezimali kuma-chips aluhlaza ezinkampani zaseRussia

Inzuzo evela ekutshalweni kwezimali kuma-chips aseRussia aluhlaza yenziwa izabelo zonyaka, futhi ezinye izinkampani zikhokha izabelo kaningi – kanye ngekota futhi kuye ngokukhula kwenani lemakethe. Ukukhula okuningi kwezingcaphuno kuyinqubo ende, kungathatha iminyaka. Kodwa izabelo ezizinzile zinikeza ukuhamba kwemali ngisho nalapho izingcaphuno ziwa. Izinkampani ngeke zikhiphe izabelo kuphela uma kunesimo esibucayi esihlasele izwe lonke.

Ngemuva kwesiphithiphithi se-coronavirus, izinkampani eziningi zimemezele ukuncipha kwezabelo kanti ezinye ziphoqelekile ukuthi zingakhokhi izabelo ngo-2020.

Ukuthenga amasheya aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunenzuzo enkulu ngesikhathi sokuthengisa okuthuthumelayo. Ngemuva kokuba isimo sezomnotho sithuthukile, ama-chips aluhlaza akhula ngokushesha kune-second-tier stocks. Futhi ukwehla kwezingcaphuno akubalulekile kangako. Inani lezabelomali liyinani elingaguquki eligunyazwe Ibhodi Labanikazi Bamasheya. Kuncike enzuzweni yenkampani, hhayi enanini lamasheya. Uma izingcaphuno ziwa, isivuno se-dividend siyenyuka, okunciphisa ukwehla okuqhubekayo. Ekubuyiseleni kabusha, umtshali-zimali angathola u-20-30% wephothifoliyo ngesikhathi esifushane noma ashiye amasheya athengwe ngokunenzuzo ngokulindela ukukhula okwengeziwe. Ngokuya ngenhloko-dolobha yabatshalizimali, kunamasu amaningana okutshala imali kuma-chips aseRussia aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka:

1. Kuyenzeka uthenge i- ETF , efana ne-DIVD ETF, ehlanganisa izinkampani ezizinzile, ezikhokha izabelo. Le ndlela ifanele abatshalizimali abanemali encane, engaphansi kwama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-50. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_12042″ align=”aligncenter” wide=”800″] MICEX ETF[/caption]
2. Hlanganisa ngokwakho iphothifoliyo yama-chips aluhlaza . Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthenga amasheya angu-15 ngamasheya alinganayo. Ngokusekelwe enanini lesheya elibiza kakhulu le-MMC Norilsk Nickel, inani elincane lokutshala imali lingama-ruble angu-350,000. Uma ungafaki i-Norilsk Nickel futhi uthenge kuphela amasheya angu-14 asele, inani elincane liyancipha libe ngama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-85. Ungathenga iphothifoliyo yonke ngesikhathi esifanayo noma uthenge amasheya engeziwe ohlwini ngokulinganayo kanye ngenyanga noma kanye ngekota.
3. Umtshali-zimali angeke athenge iphothifoliyo yamasheya, kodwa atshale esitokweni esithile noma izitoko ezimbalwa . Ngakho-ke abanye abantu ababesebenza enkampanini yaseTatneft nababona ibhizinisi ngaphakathi bathenga amasheya njalo ngenyanga iminyaka eminingi.

Ukuthengiswa kwamasheya kube nokwenyuka okukhulu kwempesheni. Le ndlela iyingozi kakhulu – uma inkampani ingaphili ngokuvumelana nokulindelwe futhi ishiya imakethe, ungalahlekelwa ukutshalwa kwezimali. Isibonelo, lokhu kwenzeka kubanikazi bamasheya bakwa-Yukos. Ngephothifoliyo ehlukahlukene, ukulahlekelwa akubalulekile emalini futhi kungakhandwa ngezinye izikhundla ezinenzuzo. Lapho utshala imali kumasheya angu-1-2, umtshali-zimali ulahlekelwa yikho konke. Kodwa inzuzo iphezulu uma isibikezelo silungile.