Iichips eziluhlaza zentengiso yemasheya yaseRussia-utyalomali phi ngo-2025

Iitshiphusi eziluhlaza zentengiso yaseRussia ukusukela ngo-2022.
iitshiphusi eziluhlazaXela izabelo zezona nkampani zizinzile elizweni. Zikwabizwa ngokuba zii-stock-tier stocks. Ngokwezibalo, xa utyalo-mali kuzo, kukho umngcipheko omncinci wokulahlekelwa utyalo-mali. Kuyinto enye ukuba nezabelo ze-Sberbank, kwaye enye into engaziwayo Masihambe, ilayisensi yayo inokuthathwa nangaliphi na ixesha. Iitshiphuphu zaseRussia eziluhlaza ziinkokeli kushishino, kwaye uninzi lwazo lulawulwa ngurhulumente eRussia. Urhulumente ungoyena mnini-zabelo weGazprom – ngaphezulu kwe-50% yezabelo. Izahlulo ngumgca obalulekileyo wohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, ngoko abatyali-mali abaqinisekanga ukuba ukuba kuvela iingxaki, urhulumente uya kunika inkxaso yemali. Uninzi lweetshiphusi eziluhlaza ziinkampani ezicwangcisiweyo kweli lizwe. I-Gazprom yi-monopoly yegesi yokuthumela ngaphandle. I-Polyus yinkokeli kwimigodi yegolide. Ukuvela komntu okhuphisana naye ofanelekileyo akunakwenzeka – ukungena kule marike udinga imali eninzi.

Igama elithi “iitshiphusi eziluhlaza” livela kwi-poker kwaye kunokuba ngqongqo. Akukho migaqo icacileyo apho inkampani ihlelwa njengenkampani ye-blue chip eRashiya. Kodwa eyona ndlela iphambili inokuchongwa.

Inkampani kufuneka yaziwe ngokubanzi kweli lizwe, ibe nokukhula okuzinzileyo kwengeniso iminyaka eliqela. Izabelo kufuneka zenziwe ezinkulu kakhulu. Inkampani kufuneka ibe nemodeli yoshishino oluzinzileyo, kwaye urhulumente kufuneka abe nomdla kuphuhliso lweshishini.

Izibonelelo zezitokhwe zenqanaba lokuqala

Ziziphi iingenelo ze-chips eziluhlaza zaseRashiya

Ubumanzi

Ukuphakama kwe-liquidity yesabelo, kulula ukuthengisa izinto ezikhoyo zomthamo omkhulu. Kukwaxhomekeke kusetyenziso lwemali yokuhlawula amatyala ukuba ikufutshane kangakanani na kwixabiso lemarike intengiselwano iya kwenziwa. Iitshiphusi zaseRussia eziluhlaza zinowona manzi angcono – zithengiswa mihla le ngamakhulu abarhwebi. Ngoko ingeniso yemihla ngemihla ye-Sberbank okanye i-Gazprom ngamashumi eebhiliyoni zeeruble.

Ukuthembeka

Umtyalo-mali onezabelo zokuqala (ii-chips zaseRussia eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) unokuzithemba kutyalo-mali lwakhe. Ezi nkampani zineshishini elizinzileyo, amanqaku aphezulu amatyala, amandla angaphantsi kunye nezibonelelo ezininzi. Yingakho utyalo-mali kwezi zabelo lucetyiswa kubaqalayo.

Izahlulo

Uninzi lweenkampani eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eRashiya zihlawula izabelo. Ezi ziinkampani ezizinzileyo ezinokwabelana ngenxalenye yenzuzo nabanini zabelo. Isabelo esikhulu sohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweminye imimandla luzahlulo. Iinkampani zaseburhulumenteni eRashiya kufuneka zihlawule ubuncinane isiqingatha senzuzo yazo ngendlela yezabelo.

Hlanganisa ipotifoliyo yeetshiphusi eziluhlaza ngokwakho . Kule meko, kuyimfuneko ukuthenga izabelo ezili-15 kwizabelo ezilinganayo. Ngokusekelwe kwixabiso lesabelo esona sikhulu kakhulu se-MMC Norilsk Nickel, ubuncinci bemali yotyalo-mali yi-350,000 ruble. Ukuba awubandakanyi i-Norilsk Nickel kwaye uthenge kuphela izabelo ze-14 ezisele, ixabiso elincinci liyancitshiswa ukuya kuma-ruble ayi-85 lamawaka. Unokuthenga ipotifoliyo yonke ngexesha elinye okanye uthenge izabelo ezongezelelweyo kuluhlu ngokulinganayo kanye ngenyanga okanye kanye ngekota.

Umtyali-mali akanakho ukuthenga iphothifoliyo yesitokhwe, kodwa utyala imali kwisitokhwe esithile okanye kwizitokhwe ezininzi . Ngoko abanye abantu ababesebenza kwinkampani yaseTatneft nababona ishishini ngaphakathi bathenga izabelo nyanga zonke iminyaka emininzi.

Ukuthengiswa kwezabelo kuye kwanda kakhulu kwipension. Le ndlela iyingozi kakhulu – ukuba inkampani ayiphili ngokulindelekileyo kwaye ishiya imarike, unokulahlekelwa yi-investment. Ngokomzekelo, oku kwenzeka kubaninizabelo bakwaYukos. Ngepotfoliyo eyohlukeneyo, ilahleko ayibalulekanga kwimali eyinkunzi kwaye inokuhlawulwa zezinye izikhundla ezinengeniso. Xa utyalo-mali kwizabelo ze-1-2, umtyalo-mali ulahlekelwa yinto yonke. Kodwa inzuzo iphezulu ukuba uqikelelo luchanekile.