Kodi ma depositary risiti, America, European, global, Russian

Kodi Ma Receipt a Depository ndi chiyani ndipo amaperekedwa chifukwa chiyani?Mukamagulitsa malonda ndi ma bond pa malonda ogulitsa, muyenera kusankha zitetezo zodalirika kwambiri. Kusinthanitsa kulikonse kumapereka mwayi pankhaniyi. Komabe, nthawi zina mwayi wogula masheya akunja ndi ma bond ndi ochepa. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa chakuti sanalembedwe pakusinthana kwina kapena pali zoletsa zalamulo zogwirira nawo ntchito. Magawo sakhala ndi ogula. Ngati, mwachitsanzo, wochita malonda wapanga ndalama mu zotetezedwa, ndiye kuti sanaperekedwe kwa iye. Ndipotu, m’dera lomwe likuganiziridwa, malamulo osungiramo zinthu amafanana ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m’mabanki. Akaunti imaperekedwa kwa wogula, momwe magawo ndi ma bond omwe ali ndi ufulu wa umwini amasungidwa. [id id mawu = “attach_11785” align = “aligncenter” wide = “1024”]
Receipt ya Lukoil Depository [/ mawu] Mutha kuwagwiritsa ntchito momasuka, mkati mwa malamulo omwe akugwira ntchito pamsika. Ngati kugulitsa kukuchitika, nambala yofunikira yachitetezo idzasamutsidwa ku akaunti ya wogula. Depositories ali ndi udindo wowonetsetsa kusungidwa ndi ntchito ndi magawo ndi ma bond. [id id mawu = “attach_11789” align = “aligncenter” wide = “507”]
Kodi risiti yosungitsa ndalama ndi chiyani m’mawu osavuta [/ mawu] Mu theka loyamba la zaka za zana la 20, ma risiti osungitsa ndalama adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Monga momwe dzina lawo likusonyezera, ndi malisiti operekedwa kwa munthu wakutiwakuti kuti magawo kapena ma bond amene ali mu akaunti ya depositary alidi katundu wake. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti mapepala oterowo akhoza kugulitsidwa kapena kugulidwa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mwiniwake watsopano angagwiritse ntchito mokwanira zitetezo zofanana. Mwachitsanzo, izi zikutanthauza kulandira malipiro kapena ufulu wovota malinga ndi magawo omwe ali nawo. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma risiti osungitsa ndalama kumakulitsa mwayi wamalonda kapena wogulitsa. Chifukwa chake, amatha kugwira ntchito ndi zitetezo zomwe sangathe kuzipeza pazifukwa zina.

Zambiri, mafotokozedwe, njira zogwirira ntchito

Kuti ayambe kugwira ntchito pakusinthana kwina, kampani iyenera kudutsa mumndandanda. Kuti zotsatira zake zitheke, ndikofunikira kutsatira zofunikira zamalamulo, komanso kupanga ndalama zoyambira kuti mukope chidwi ndi magawo anu. Kusankha kusinthana komwe kungagwire ntchito, kampaniyo imaganizira osati kupezeka kwake, komanso phindu lomwe lingakhalepo. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito ma risiti osungira kumapangitsa kuti zisungidwe zawo zizidziwika kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani, mwachitsanzo, kampani yaku China. Iyenera kukonza ndi banki yake yosungiramo ndalama kuti ipereke malisiti osungira magawo ake. Pankhaniyi, womalizayo adzakhala ngati woyang’anira. Zitha kuwoneka kuti osati ku Russia kokha, komanso masheya aku Europe ndi America omwe akuimiridwa pamisika yaku Russia, komabe, pali mwayi wochepa wopeza Chijapani kapena Chitchaina. Kuti ayambe kugulitsa ma risiti osungira, woyang’anira amagula nambala yofunikira ya zitetezo ndikukhala mwini wake molingana ndi zikalata zoperekedwa. Zindikirani kuti mu chitsanzo pamwambapa, kugula kunapangidwa molingana ndi malamulo aku China ndipo sikunaganizirepo za malamulo akunja. [id id mawu = “attach_11790” align = “aligncenter” wide = “608”] kuti mu chitsanzo pamwambapa, kugula kunapangidwa molingana ndi malamulo aku China ndipo sanaganizirepo za malamulo akunja. [id id mawu = “attach_11790” align = “aligncenter” wide = “608”] kuti mu chitsanzo pamwambapa, kugula kunapangidwa molingana ndi malamulo aku China ndipo sanaganizirepo za malamulo akunja. [id id mawu = “attach_11790” align = “aligncenter” wide = “608”]
Momwe malisiti osungitsira amagwirira ntchito[/caption] Malisiti osungitsa ndalama amaperekedwa ku magawo omwe muli nawo kale. Izi zikhoza kuchitidwa ndi woyang’anira mwiniwakeyo komanso ndi banki ina yosungiramo ndalama pafupifupi m’dziko lililonse la dziko lapansi pansi pa mgwirizano ndi iye. Kugulitsa nthawi zambiri kumachitika m’maiko omwe angagwire ntchito mwalamulo ndi depository yomwe idapereka ma risiti omwe akufunsidwa. Chifukwa chake, zotetezedwa za kampani yaku China iyi, mwachitsanzo, zitha kugulitsa ku Russia stock exchange kapena m’maiko ena. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, eni ake adzatha kugwiritsa ntchito magawo omwe atchulidwawo ngati kuti adawapeza, osati ma risiti. Chifukwa chake, magawowa amakhalabe mu umwini wa woyang’anira, banki yaku China yosungitsa ndalama, koma mwiniwake wa risiti yofananirayo amalandila zabwino zonse pogwiritsa ntchito. Zotsatira zake, kampani yaku China idapeza wogulitsa watsopano, ndipo wogula masheya adatha kuyika ndalama zake mopindulitsa. [id id mawu = “attach_11791” align = “aligncenter” wide = “640”]
Ma risiti aku America ndi apadziko lonse lapansi[/ mawu]

Kusiyana ndi magawo

Malisiti a Depositary amafanana kwambiri ndi magawo, koma ali ndi mawonekedwe awoawo. Iwo ali motere:

1. Iwo ndi achiwiri.
2. Amapereka mwayi kwa wogulitsa kapena wogulitsa ndalama kuti agulitse zotetezedwa zomwe mwina sangakhale nazo kwa iye.
3. Pogwira ntchito, pali mgwirizano pakati pa mabanki osungira ndalama omwe ali m’mayiko osiyanasiyana.

[id caption id = “attach_11809” align = “aligncenter” width = “617”]
Poyerekeza ndi magawo, ma risiti osungitsa ndalama achepetsa ufulu[/mawu] Kugwiritsa ntchito risiti kumatha kukhala kwakukulu kuposa magawo. Magawo kapena malisiti osungitsa – pali kusiyana kotani, misonkho, ma komisheni, mabizinesi: https://youtu.be/kjeZPKg3e-4

Amene amapereka risiti ya depositary

Banki yosungira katundu yomwe imakhala ndi zitetezo zina zimagulitsa ku banki yosungiramo ndalama m’dziko lina. Zotsirizirazi zimapereka ma risiti a depositary pa iwo, omwe amagulitsidwa pa stock exchange. Wogulitsa ndalama amawapeza, kupeza ufulu wonse wofunikira ndipo amakhala mwini wake wa zotetezedwa zomwe zimaperekedwa kudziko lina. Motero, pogwiritsira ntchito malisiti osungitsa ndalama, amakulitsa zotheka zake, kugwira ntchito ndi zitetezo zomwe sizikanalembedwa mwanjira ina pa masheya ake. [id caption id = “attach_11798” align = “aligncenter” width = “492”]
Amene amapereka RDRs, GDRs, ADRs[/caption] Malisiti osungira: zomwe ali ndi momwe angagwiritsire ntchito nawo, mawonekedwe a ADRs, GDRs, RDRs: https://youtu.be/Ex_m7zrc-_U

Mitundu yama risiti osungira – ADR EDR GDR RDR

Kugawidwa mu mitundu kumatengera mabanki omwe amawatulutsa komanso komwe amagulitsidwa. Mitundu ingapo yama risiti a depositary imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

1. ADR (American Depositary Receipt) – malisiti operekedwa ndi mabanki aku America. Amapangidwa kuti azigwira nawo ntchito pazosinthana zaku America komanso pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi. [id id mawu = “attach_11784” align = “aligncenter” wide = “760”] ADR ndi GDR[/ mawu]
2. Ma EDR amaperekedwa ndi mabanki aku Europe ndipo amagulitsidwa ku Europe.
3. Ma GDRs ndi malisiti osungitsa ndalama padziko lonse lapansi omwe amagulitsidwa pamsika wamasheya m’maiko angapo.
4. Lamulo la Chitaganya cha Russia limalola kuperekedwa kwa RDRs yopangira msika waku Russia, koma kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo sikufalikira.

Kuti mulowe mumsika wina wapafupi, kampani ikuyenera kutsata njira zovomerezeka. Nthawi zina sapeza phindu mokwanira. Komabe, pogwiritsa ntchito chikalata chomwe chikufunsidwa, osunga ndalama ndi amalonda adziko lino azitha kupeza mwayi wogwira ntchito ndi kampaniyo. [id id mawu = “attach_11783” align = “aligncenter” wide = “600”]
RDR[/ mawu]

Ubwino ndi kuipa kogwiritsa ntchito osunga ndalama

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa ma risiti osungitsa ndalama kumafanana ndi momwe masheya ndi ma bond amasamaliridwa. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumapereka mwayi wowonjezera kwa omwe akutenga nawo gawo pazogulitsa. Opereka angagwiritse ntchito mwayi wotsatira zotsatirazi:

1. Nthawi zambiri, amatha kupereka magawo ake pazosinthana zina. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma risiti osungitsa kumapangitsa kuti azitha kupezeka kwa ena, kuphatikiza kunja.
2. Pakuwongolera kupezeka, pali mwayi wowonjezera pakufufuza kwa osunga ndalama.
3. Kuwonjezeka kwa masheya kumathandizira kukweza mbiri ya kampaniyo.

Wogulitsa ndalama amapeza mwayi wowonjezera mndandanda wa zida zomwe angagwiritse ntchito. Izi zimakweza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mothandizidwa ndi ma risiti oterowo, ndizotheka kupeza kapena kukulitsa mwayi wopeza zotetezedwa kuchokera kwa opereka akunja. Pogwira ntchito ndi zitetezo zoperekedwa kunja, munthu amayenera kukumana ndi zoopsa zandalama. Kusintha kosayembekezeka kwa ndalama zosinthira nthawi zina kumatha kuchepetsa kwambiri phindu. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma risiti osungitsa ndalama kumathetsa mavuto otere, popeza kukhazikikako pankhaniyi kumachitika ndi ndalama zadziko. Komabe, muyenera kuganizira za kukhalapo kwa zovuta zina:

1. Zowopsa zandalama zimakhalabe pomwe wogawana nawo alandila zopindulitsa.
2. Malisiti osungira sagwira ntchito kwambiri kuposa masheya ndi ma bond.

Posankha katundu, wopereka ndalama ayenera kuganizira za mphamvu ndi zofooka za malisiti oterowo. .

Kumene mungapeze zambiri za malisiti osungira pa Moscow Exchange

Ngati masheya ndi risiti yofananira ya depository ikugulitsidwa pakusinthana nthawi yomweyo, ndiye kuti ndizopindulitsa kwambiri kugulitsa katundu woyamba. Komabe, nthawi zambiri mtundu umodzi wokha umaimiridwa. Pankhaniyi, palibe mwayi wosankha pakati pa mitundu iyi yachitetezo. Kuti mumvetse kuti ndi katundu wotani amene akugulitsidwa pamsika wogulitsa, muyenera kuyang’ana mndandanda wa zida. Mutuwu ukuwonetsa zomwe zikunenedwa. Kukhalapo kwa “JSC” kumatanthauza kuti tikukamba za magawo. Ngati, mwachitsanzo, ADR kapena GDR imatchulidwa, ndiye kuti ma risiti osungitsa ndalama amagulitsidwa.

Malisiti osungiramo makampani aku Russia, padziko lonse lapansi

Ku Russia, ntchito ndi ma risiti osungira ndalama imayendetsedwa ndi Lamulo No. 39-FZ “Pa Msika Wotetezedwa”. Kutanthauzira kwawo kumaperekedwa mu Art. 2, ndipo malamulo a ntchito amapangidwa mu Art. 27:5-3 la lamulo ili. Mndandanda wa zotetezedwa (kuphatikiza malisiti osungitsa) omwe adavomerezedwa kuti agulitsidwa kuyambira pa Disembala 22, 2021 pa MOEX: https://www.moex.com/en/listing/securities-list.aspx Mwachitsanzo, malisiti osungitsa a wopereka wakunja pamagawo (ETLN) pa Moscow Exchange pa ulalo https://www.moex.com/en/issue.aspx?code=ETLN :
magawo 32 ndi malisiti osungira makampani akuluakulu apadziko lonse omwe amagulitsidwa ku Moscow Exchange, kuphatikizapo Oracle , Sony, Toyota ndi ena:
Malisiti a Depositary ndi magawo apadziko lonse pa MOEX

Nthawi Yomwe Mungasungire Ndalama Pamalipiro

M’malo mwake, phindu lalikulu kuchokera kumalisiti osungitsa ndalama limakhalapo nthawi zomwe ndizotheka kupeza mwayi ndi thandizo lawo kusinthanitsa komwe kudatsekedwa kale kwa Investor kapena wamalonda. Mwachitsanzo, tingalankhule za makampani kapena mafakitale m’mayiko ena amene angaoneke kuti ndi osangalatsa kugwira nawo ntchito. Ubwino wina wogwiritsa ntchito malisiti ndikuti chipembedzo chawo chingakhale chosiyana ndi chagawo. Komanso, sitingathe kulankhula za magawo 10 kapena 100 okha, komanso za magawo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zizipezeka mosavuta ngati gawolo liri ndi mtengo wocheperako (mwachitsanzo, ngati ndi madola masauzande angapo). [id id mawu = “attach_11807” align = “aligncenter” wide = “882”]
Zokolola pamalisiti osungira[/ mawu] Mfundo zogwirira ntchito ndi malisiti ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita malonda ndi zitetezo zosiyanasiyana. Makamaka, muyenera kukumbukira zotsatirazi:

1. Pochita malonda kapena kupanga ndalama, pali chiopsezo chachikulu chokhudzana ndi kusatsimikizika kwa kusintha kwamitengo yamtsogolo. Mutha kuzichepetsa popanga ndalama za portfolio. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kugula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitetezo kumapangidwa motsatira mlingo wokonzekera chiopsezo.
2. Kuti muwone bwino zomwe mungachite kuti chitukuko chamtsogolo chichitike, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira zofunikira komanso luso. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndikofunika kuti muphunzire za chitukuko cha kampani yomwe inapereka ma risiti ndikumvetsetsa momwe chitukuko cha zachuma cha dziko lake chikuyendera.
3. Ngati ndi kotheka, muyenera kusintha zikuchokera mbiri. Izi zitha kukhala zofunikira ngati mawu amalisiti ena amakula m’njira yosayenera.
4. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zokolola zapamwamba nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu. Choncho, n’zosatheka kuyika ndalama zonse zomwe zilipo mumtundu umodzi wokha. Kusiyanasiyana kumachepetsa zoopsa ndikuwonjezera mwayi wopeza phindu.

Nthawi zina zimakhala zopindulitsa kugwira ntchito pa stock exchange osati nokha, koma kusamutsa ndalama zoyendetsera trust. Pankhaniyi, zidzatheka kugwiritsa ntchito mautumiki a akatswiri omwe angathe kupereka phindu loyenera pa ndalama.

Malisiti osungira a GDRs, ADRs, RDRs amakampani aku Russia Tinkoff, Mail, Yandex, etc. – misonkho, zoopsa, mawonekedwe: https://youtu.be/9p2kxTo9A_U

Momwe mungachitire muzochita

Pochita malonda osinthana, kugulitsa ndi kugulitsa ma risiti osungitsa sikusiyana munjira zawo ndi zomwe zimachitika ndi magawo. Wogulitsa akhoza kusankha chinthu choyenera ndi mtundu ndi dzina la chidacho ndikuchita zomwe akufuna. Ogulitsa samakonda kusiyanitsa pakati pa zida ziwirizi. Kuti mumveketse ngati awa ndi magawo kapena risiti yosungitsa ndalama, mutha kuwona zambiri zamakalata patsamba losinthira.

Misonkho

Misonkho ya munthu aliyense payekha ikhoza kulipidwa pa kusiyana pakati pa mitengo yogula ndi yogulitsa ya malisiti. Kufunika kwa malipiro ndi kuwerengera kwenikweni kwa ndalamazo kumachitidwa ndi broker. Kawirikawiri iye mwini amachotsa ndalama zoyenerera kuchokera ku akaunti ndikujambula malipirowo. Mukalandira zopindula kapena malipiro a makuponi, msonkho waumwini umaperekedwa nthawi zonse. Iyenera kuwonetsedwa mu chilengezo “3-NDFL” ndikusamutsidwa ku msonkho paokha.

Mafunso ndi mayankho

Funso: “Nchiyani chomwe chili chodalirika: magawo kapena malisiti osungitsa?” Yankho: “Kudalirika kwawo kuli pafupifupi kofanana. Pamapeto pake, woyang’anira ndi banki yosungiramo ndalama akukhudzidwa ndi zochitika, koma pafupifupi nthawi zonse ndi mabungwe odalirika komanso odalirika.
Funso: “Ndizinthu ziti mwazinthu izi zomwe zimapindulitsa kwambiri kugulitsa ndi kugulitsa?” Yankho: “Kugwira ntchito pakusinthana kumalumikizidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa zoopsa zazikulu, zomwe ndizosiyana m’chilengedwe. Palibe zida zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa kupereka phindu, mosasamala kanthu za zochitika. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa ma risiti osungitsa paziwopsezo zawo kumakhala kofanana kwambiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito magawo ofanana.