Chii chinonzi depositary risiti, American, European, global, Russian

Chii chinonzi Depository Receipts uye nei ichipihwa?Paunenge uchitengesa masheya uye mabhondi pane stock exchange, iwe unofanirwa kukwanisa kusarudza iyo yakanyanya kuvimbisa securities. Kutsinhana kwega kwega kunopa mimwe mikana mune izvi. Nekudaro, dzimwe nguva mukana wekutenga masheya ekunze uye mabhondi mashoma. Izvi zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekuti havana kunyorwa pane imwe shanduko kana kune zvirambidzo zvepamutemo pakushanda navo. Migove haina kubatwa nevatengi. Kana, semuenzaniso, mutengesi akaita mari muzvibatiso, saka ivo havana kupihwa kwaari. Muchokwadi, munzvimbo iri kutariswa, mitemo yekuchengetedza yakafanana neiyo inoshandiswa mubhangi. Nhoroondo inopiwa kune mutengi, umo iyo migove uye mabhondi ane kodzero yekuva muridzi zvinochengetwa. Marisiti edhipoziti anopihwa kune mashares agara aripo. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nemuchengeti pachake uye nerimwe bhengi rinochengeterwa mari inenge iri munyika ipi neipi yepasi pasi pechibvumirano naye. Kutengeserana kunowanzoitwa munyika idzo dzinogona kushanda zviri pamutemo nedhipoziti yakapa maresiti ari mubvunzo. Nokudaro, kuchengetedzwa kwekambani iyi yeChinese, somuenzaniso, ichakwanisa kutengesa kuRussia stock exchange kana kune dzimwe nyika. Panguva imwecheteyo, varidzi vachakwanisa kushandisa zvikamu zvakatarwa sekunge vazviwana, uye kwete marisiti. Saka, migove ichiri kuramba iri mumuridzi wemuchengeti, bhangi redhipoziti rekuChina, asi muridzi werisiti yedhipoziti inoenderana anogamuchira zvese zvakanaka kubva mukushandisa kwavo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo kambani yeChinese yakawana investor mutsva, uye mutengi wemasecurities akakwanisa kuisa mari yake zvine pundutso. Kushandiswa kwemarisiti kunogona kuve kwakakura kupfuura migove. Migove kana marisiti edhipoziti – chii mutsauko, mutero, makomisheni, mari: https://youtu.be/kjeZPKg3e-4

Ndiani anopa receipt yedhipoziti

Bhanga rinochengeta mari rinochengeta zvimwe zvibatiso rinozvitengesa kubhengi rinochengeterwa mari kune imwe nyika. Iyo yekupedzisira inoburitsa marisiti edhipoziti pavari, iyo inotengeswa pane stock exchange. Muridzi anozvitora, achiwana kodzero dzese dzinodiwa uye anove muridzi wezvibatiso zvakakodzera zvakapihwa kune imwe nyika. Saka, kuburikidza nekushandisa marisiti edhipoziti, anowedzera mikana yake, achishanda nemasecurity angadai asina kunyorwa pane yake stock exchange.

Depositary risiti: zvavari uye mashandisiro azvo, maADRs, GDRs, RDRs: https://youtu.be/Ex_m7zrc-_U

Mhando dzemarisiti edhipoziti – ADR EDR GDR RDR

Kupatsanurwa kuita mhando kunoenderana nekuti ndeapi mabhanga anoapa uye kwaanotengeserwa. Mhando dzinoverengeka dzemarisiti edhipoziti anoshandiswa:

1. ADR (American Depositary Receipt) – marisiti akabudiswa nemabhangi eAmerica. Izvo zvakagadzirirwa kushanda navo paAmerican exchange uye pamusika wemasheya wepasirese.
2. EDRs inopihwa nemabhangi eEurope uye inotengeswa pakuchinjana kweEurope.
3. GDRs marisiti epasi rose edhipoziti anotengeswa pamasheya emasheya munyika dzakati wandei.
4. Mutemo weRussian Federation unobvumira kubudiswa kweRDRs inotarisirwa kumusika weRussia, asi kushandiswa kwavo hakuna kupararira.

Kuti ipinde mune imwe musika wemuno, kambani inofanirwa kuita nzira yekubvumidzwa. Dzimwe nguva haazvioni zvichibatsira zvakakwana. Nekudaro, kana uchishandisa gwaro riri mubvunzo, vanoisa mari nevatengesi venyika ino vanozokwanisa kuwana mukana wekushanda nekambani.

Zvakanakira uye zvakaipira kushandisa vatengesi

Kushandiswa kwemarisiti ekuchengetedza kwakafanana nemabatirwo emasheya nemabhondi. Nekudaro, kushandisa kwavo kunopa mimwe mikana yevatori vechikamu mukutengeserana. Vagadziri vanogona kutora mukana weanotevera mabhenefiti:

1. Kazhinji, anogona kupa migove yake chete pane kumwe kuchinjana. Kushandiswa kwemarisiti edhipoziti kunoita kuti awanikwe kune vamwe, kusanganisira kunze kwenyika.
2. Nekuvandudza kuwanikwa, kune mimwe mikana mukutsvaga kwevanoisa mari.
3. Kuwedzera kwekugoverwa kwemasheya kunobatsira pakuvandudzwa kwemukurumbira wekambani.

Muridzi anowana mukana wekuwedzera rondedzero yezviridzwa zvaanogona kushanda nazvo. Izvi zvinovandudza mwero wekusiyana kweasset. Nerubatsiro rwemarisiti akadaro, zvinokwanisika kuwana kana kuwedzera kuwanika kune zvivimbiso kubva kune dzimwe nyika. Paunenge uchishanda nezvibatiso zvakapihwa kunze kwenyika, munhu anofanirwa kutarisana nenjodzi dzemari. Kusatarisika kwekuchinja kwekuchinjana dzimwe nguva kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya purofiti. Kushandiswa kwemarisiti edhipoziti kunogadzirisa matambudziko akadaro, sezvo misha iri munyaya iyi inoitwa mumari yenyika. Nekudaro, iwe unofanirwawo kufunga nezvekuvapo kwezvimwe zvipingamupinyi:

1. Ngozi dzemari dzinoramba dziripo kana muridzi wemugove awana mibairo.
2. Depository receipts hainyanyi kushanda pane masheya nemabhondi.

Pakusarudza zvinhu, munhu anoisa mari anofanira kufunga nezvesimba uye kusasimba kwemarisiti akadaro. .

Kupi kuwana ruzivo nezve depositary risiti paMoscow Exchange

Kana chitoro uye risiti inoenderana nedhipoziti zvichitengeswa pakuchinjana panguva imwe chete, saka zvinonyanya kubatsira kutengesa iyo yekutanga asset. Zvisinei, kazhinji mhando imwe chete inomiririrwa. Muchiitiko ichi, hapana mukana wekusarudza pakati pemhando idzi dzekuchengetedza. Kuti unzwisise kuti ndeipi asset inotengeswa pane stock exchange, unofanirwa kutarisa pane rondedzero yezviridzwa. Musoro ucharatidza zvauri kutaura. Kuvepo kwe “JSC” zvinoreva kuti tiri kutaura nezvemasheya. Kana, semuenzaniso, ADR kana GDR inotaurwa, ipapo marisiti edhipoziti anotengeswa.

Depositary risiti yemakambani eRussia, pasi rose

MuRussia, kushanda nemasiti ekuchengetedza mari kunotungamirirwa neMutemo Nhamba 39-FZ “Pamusika Wekuchengetedza”. Tsanangudzo yavo inopiwa muArt. 2, uye mitemo yebasa inogadzirwa muArt. 27:5-3 yomutemo uyu. Rondedzero yezvibatiso (kusanganisira marisiti edhipoziti) yakabvumidzwa kutengeswa kubva muna Zvita 22, 2021 paMOEX: https://www.moex.com/en/listing/securities-list.aspx Semuenzaniso, marisiti edhipoziti eanopa kunze kwenyika pamasheya (ETLN) paMoscow Exchange pane chinongedzo https://www.moex.com/en/issue.aspx?code=ETLN :
32 migove uye depositary risiti yemakambani makuru epasi rese anotengeswa paMoscow Exchange, kusanganisira Oracle. , Sony, Toyota nevamwe:
Depositary risiti uye migove yepasi rose paMOEX

Nguva Yokuisa Mari Mumarisiti

Muchokwadi, iyo yakanyanya bhenefiti kubva kumarisiti edhipoziti iripo mune zviitiko apo zvinokwanisika kuwana mukana nerubatsiro rwavo kune kuchinjana kwaimbovharwa kune investor kana mutengesi. Semuenzaniso, tinogona kutaura nezvemakambani kana maindasitiri mune dzimwe nyika anogona kunzi anokwezva kushanda nawo. Imwe bhenefiti yekushandisa marisiti ndeyekuti dhinominesheni yavo inogona kusiyana neyemugove. Uyezve, isu hatigone kutaura chete nezve gumi kana zana, asiwo nezve masheya. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anoita kuti mari iwanikwe mune zviitiko apo mugove wacho une hukuru hukuru hwezita (somuenzaniso, kana iri zviuru zvemadhora emadhora). Mitemo yekushanda nemarisiti yakafanana neiyo inoshandiswa pakutengesa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Kunyanya, iwe unofanirwa kuyeuka zvinotevera:

1. Paunenge uchitengesa kana kuisa mari, kune njodzi yakakura yakabatana nekusaziva kwekuchinja kwemutengo mune ramangwana. Iwe unogona kuzvideredza nekuita mari yepodfolio. Panguva imwecheteyo, kutenga kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuchengetedza kunoitwa maererano nehuwandu hwakarongwa hwengozi.
2. Kuti unyatsoongorora sarudzo dzekuvandudza mune ramangwana remamiriro ezvinhu, zvinodikanwa kushandisa nzira dzekuongorora kwakakosha uye kwehunyanzvi. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvakakosha kuti udzidze maitiro ekuvandudzwa kwekambani yakabudisa risiti uye kunzwisisa kuti hupfumi hwenyika huri kufamba sei.
3. Kana zvichidikanwa, unofanirwa kugadzirisa kuumbwa kweiyo portfolio. Izvi zvingave zvakakosha mumamiriro ezvinhu apo makotesheni emamwe marisiti anokura nenzira isingadikanwi.
4. Inofanira kuyeukwa kuti kushandiswa kwemariti yezvibereko zvakakwirira kunowanzobatanidzwa nenjodzi huru. Naizvozvo, hazvibviri kuisa mari yese iripo mumhando imwe chete. Diversification inoderedza njodzi uye inowedzera mikana yekuita purofiti.

Dzimwe nguva zvinonyanya kubatsira kushanda pane stock exchange kwete wega, asi kuendesa mari yekuvimba manejimendi. Muchiitiko ichi, zvichave zvichiita kushandisa masevhisi evashandi vanogona kunge vachikwanisa kupa kudzoka kwakakodzera pakudyara.

Depository risiti yeGDRs, ADRs, RDRs emakambani eRussia Tinkoff, Mail, Yandex, nezvimwewo. – mutero, njodzi, maitiro: https://youtu.be/9p2kxTo9A_U

Kuzviita sei mukuita

Mukutengeserana kwekuchinjana kunoshanda, kutengeserana kwekutenga nekutengesa kwemarisiti edhipoziti hakuna kusiyana mukuita kwavo kubva kune kunoitwa nemasheya. Mutengesi anogona kusarudza chinhu chakakodzera nemhando uye zita rechiridzwa uye kuita chiito chaunoda. Mabroker haawanzosiyanisa pakati pemhando mbiri dzezviridzwa. Kuti ujekese kana aya ari mashare kana risiti redhipoziti, unogona kuona ruzivo rwereferensi pawebhusaiti yekutsinhana.

Mutero

Mutero wemuhoro wega wega unogona kubhadharwa pamusiyano uripo pakati pemitengo yekutenga nekutengesa yemarisiti. Kudiwa kwekubhadhara uye kuverengwa chaiko kwemari kunoitwa nemutengesi. Kazhinji iye pachake anobvisa mari yakakodzera kubva muakaunti uye anokwevera mubhadharo. Pakugamuchirwa kwezvikamu kana kubhadhara makuponi, mutero wemari yemunhu unogara uchibhadharwa. Inofanira kuratidzwa mukuzivisa “3-NDFL” uye kuendeswa kumutero zvakasununguka.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro

Mubvunzo: Ndechipi chinonyanya kuvimbika: migove kana marisiti edhipoziti? Pindura: “Kuvimbika kwavo kwakada kufanana. Muchiitiko chekupedzisira, muchengeti uye bhangi rekuchengetedza mari vanobatanidzwa mukuita kwekutengeserana, asi ivo vanenge nguva dzose vanovimbika uye vanovimbika masangano.
Mubvunzo: “Ndeipi yezvinhu izvi inobatsira zvikuru kuisa nekutengesa?” Mhinduro: “Kushanda pakutsinhana kwakabatana nekuvapo kwenjodzi dzakakura, dzakasiyana siyana. Iko hakuna zvishandiso zvinovimbiswa kupa purofiti, zvisinei nemamiriro ezvinhu. Kushandiswa kwemarisiti edhipoziti kune njodzi dzavo kwakafanana nekushandiswa kweiyo migove inoenderana.