Inyemezabwishyu ni iki, Abanyamerika, Abanyaburayi, Isi, Ikirusiya

Inyemezabwishyu ni iki kandi kuki zitangwa?Mugihe ucuruza imigabane na bonds kumigabane, ugomba kuba ushobora guhitamo impapuro zizewe cyane. Buri kungurana ibitekerezo bitanga amahirwe muriyi ngingo. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe, amahirwe yo kugura imigabane n’amahanga ni bike. Ibi birashobora guterwa nuko batashyizwe kurutonde runaka cyangwa hari amategeko abuza gukorana nabo. Imigabane ntabwo ifatwa nabaguzi. Niba, nk’urugero, umucuruzi yashora imari mu mpapuro, ntabwo bamushyikiriza. Mubyukuri, mukarere karimo gusuzumwa, amategeko yo kubika asa nayakoreshejwe murwego rwamabanki. Konti itangwa kubaguzi, aho iyo migabane na bonds afite uburenganzira bwo gutunga bibitswe. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_11785” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “1024”]
Inyemezabwishyu ya Lukoil [/ caption] Urashobora kuyikoresha mu bwisanzure, mu rwego rw’amategeko akurikizwa ku ivunjisha. Niba igurisha ribaye, umubare wimpapuro zisabwa uzoherezwa kuri konti yabaguzi. Kubitsa bifite inshingano zo kubika no gukora hamwe nimigabane na bonds. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_11789” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “507”]
Niki inyemezabuguzi yo kubitsa mumagambo yoroshye [/ caption] Mu gice cya mbere cyikinyejana cya 20, inyemezabuguzi zatangiye gukoreshwa. Nkuko izina ryabo ribivuga, ni inyemezabuguzi zahawe umuntu runaka ko imigabane cyangwa ingwate zifite kuri konti yabikijwe mubyukuri ari umutungo we. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko inyemezabwishyu zishobora kugurishwa cyangwa kugurwa. Mugihe kimwe, nyirubwite mushya arashobora gukoresha byimazeyo impapuro zijyanye. Kurugero, ibi bivuga kwakira inyungu cyangwa uburenganzira bwo gutora ukurikije imigabane ifitwe. Gukoresha inyemezabuguzi yo kwagura byagura amahirwe yumucuruzi cyangwa umushoramari. Rero, arashobora gukorana nizo mpapuro afite ubushobozi buke kubwimpamvu imwe cyangwa izindi.

Amakuru rusange, ibisobanuro, uburyo bwo gukora

Kugirango utangire gukora ku guhanahana amakuru, isosiyete igomba kunyura muburyo bwo gutondeka. Kugirango ibisubizo bigende neza, birakenewe kubahiriza ibisabwa n’amategeko byemewe, kimwe no gushora imari yambere kugirango ushishikarize imigabane yawe. Guhitamo uburyo bwo guhanahana amakuru kugirango ukore, isosiyete ntireba gusa kuboneka kwayo, ariko kandi ninyungu zishobora kuvamo. Ariko, gukoresha inyemezabuguzi yo kubitsa bituma bishoboka ko impapuro zabo zimenyekana cyane. Nkurugero, tekereza, kurugero, isosiyete yubushinwa. Igomba guteganya na banki yabikijwe gutanga inyemezabwishyu yimigabane yayo. Muri uru rubanza, aba nyuma bazakora nk’umucungamutungo. Birashobora kugaragara ko atari Ikirusiya gusa, ahubwo n’imigabane y’iburayi n’Abanyamerika ihagarariwe ku isoko ry’imigabane y’Uburusiya, ariko, hari amahirwe make cyane yo kubona abayapani cyangwa abashinwa. Kugirango utangire gucuruza inyemezabuguzi, umucungamutungo agura umubare wimpapuro zisabwa kandi aba nyirazo akurikije ibyangombwa byatanzwe. Menya ko murugero rwavuzwe haruguru, kugura byakozwe hakurikijwe amategeko yUbushinwa kandi ntibirengagije amahame ayo ari yo yose y’amategeko y’amahanga. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_11790” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “608”] ko murugero rwavuzwe haruguru, kugura byakozwe hakurikijwe amategeko yUbushinwa kandi ntibirengagije amahame ayo ari yo yose y’amategeko y’amahanga. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_11790” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “608”] ko murugero rwavuzwe haruguru, kugura byakozwe hakurikijwe amategeko yUbushinwa kandi ntibirengagije amahame ayo ari yo yose y’amategeko y’amahanga. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_11790” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “608”]
Uburyo inyemezabuguzi ikora [/ caption] Inyemezabwishyu yatanzwe kubigabane bimaze gutunga. Ibi birashobora gukorwa haba mubashinzwe ubwe ndetse nindi banki yo kubitsa hafi mugihugu icyo aricyo cyose cyisi ku masezerano na we. Ubucuruzi busanzwe bukorerwa muri ibyo bihugu bishobora gukorana byemewe nububiko bwatanze inyemezabuguzi zivugwa. Rero, impapuro z’iyi sosiyete y’Abashinwa, urugero, zizashobora gucuruza ku isoko ry’imigabane y’Uburusiya cyangwa mu bindi bihugu. Muri icyo gihe, ba nyir’ubwite bazashobora gukoresha imigabane yagenwe nkaho bayiguze, ntabwo ari inyemezabwishyu. Niyo mpamvu, imigabane iracyakomeza kuba iy’umucungamutungo, banki yo kubitsa mu Bushinwa, ariko nyir’inyemezabwishyu ihuye nayo abona inyungu zose ziva mu mikoreshereze yazo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ikigo cyabashinwa cyabonye umushoramari mushya, kandi umuguzi wimpapuro zashoboye gushora imari ye inyungu.
Inyemezabwishyu zabanyamerika nisi yose [/ caption]

Itandukaniro ryimigabane

Inyemezabwishyu yo kubitsa isa cyane cyane n imigabane, ariko ifite imiterere yihariye. Ni aba bakurikira:

1. Ni aba kabiri.
2. Batanga amahirwe kubucuruzi cyangwa umushoramari gucuruza impapuro zagaciro bitashoboka kuri we.
3. Mubikorwa byakazi, hariho ubufatanye hagati ya banki zibitsa ziri mubihugu bitandukanye.

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Umugabane cyangwa inyemezabuguzi – ni irihe tandukaniro, imisoro, komisiyo, ishoramari: https://youtu.be/kjeZPKg3e-4

Ninde utanga inyemezabwishyu

Banki ishinzwe kubika impapuro zimwe na zimwe igurisha muri banki yo kubitsa mu kindi gihugu. Iheruka itanga inyemezabuguzi kuri bo, igurishwa ku isoko ryimigabane. Umushoramari arabibona, akabona uburenganzira bwose bukenewe kandi mubyukuri aba nyir’impapuro zibishinzwe zitangwa mu kindi gihugu. Niyo mpamvu, binyuze mu gukoresha inyemezabuguzi yo kubitsa, yagura ubushobozi bwe, akorana n’impapuro zaba zitari ku rutonde rw’imigabane ye.
Ninde utanga RDRs, GDRs, ADRs https: / /youtu.be/Ex_m7zrc-_U

Ubwoko butandukanye bwo kwishura – ADR EDR GDR RDR

Igabana mu bwoko rishingiye ku mabanki ayatanga n’aho acururizwa. Ubwoko butandukanye bwo kubitsa bukoreshwa:

1. ADR (Inyemezabwishyu y’Abanyamerika) – inyemezabwishyu yatanzwe na banki zo muri Amerika. Bagenewe gukorana nabo kungurana ibitekerezo byabanyamerika no ku isoko ryimigabane yisi. ADR na GDR [/ caption]
2. EDRs zitangwa na banki zi Burayi kandi zigurishwa ku kuvunja i Burayi.
3. GDRs ni inyemezabuguzi yo kubitsa ku isi igurishwa ku ivunjisha mu bihugu byinshi.
4. Amategeko ya Federasiyo y’Uburusiya yemerera itangwa rya RDR igenewe isoko ry’Uburusiya, ariko imikoreshereze yayo ntabwo ikwirakwira.

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Rimwe na rimwe, ntabwo abona inyungu zihagije. Ariko, mugihe ukoresheje inyandiko ivugwa, abashoramari nabacuruzi bo muri iki gihugu bazashobora kubona akazi hamwe nisosiyete. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_11783” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “600”]
RDR [/ caption]

Ibyiza n’ibibi byo gukoresha abashoramari

Gukoresha inyemezabuguzi yo kubitsa bisa nuburyo ububiko na bonds bikorwa. Ariko, imikoreshereze yabo itanga amahirwe yinyongera kubitabiriye ibikorwa. Abatanga isoko barashobora kwifashisha inyungu zikurikira:

1. Mubisanzwe, arashobora gutanga imigabane ye gusa muguhana. Gukoresha inyemezabwishyu zibitsa kubandi, harimo no mumahanga.
2. Mugutezimbere, hari amahirwe yinyongera mugushakisha abashoramari.
3. Kwiyongera kw’itangwa ry’imigabane bigira uruhare mu kuzamura izina rya sosiyete.

Umushoramari abona amahirwe yo kwagura urutonde rwibikoresho ashobora gukorana. Ibi bizamura urwego rwo gutandukanya umutungo. Hifashishijwe izo nyemezabwishyu, birashoboka kubona cyangwa kwagura uburyo bwo kubona impapuro ziva mubatanze hanze. Iyo ukorana nimpapuro zitangwa hanze, umuntu agomba guhura ningaruka zamafaranga. Ihinduka ry’ivunjisha ritateganijwe rishobora rimwe na rimwe kugabanya cyane inyungu. Gukoresha inyemezabuguzi ikemura ibibazo nkibi, kubera ko gukemura muri uru rubanza bikorwa mu ifaranga ry’igihugu. Ariko, ugomba kandi kuzirikana ko hari ibibi bimwe:

1. Ingaruka zifaranga zigumaho mugihe umunyamigabane yakiriye inyungu.
2. Inyemezabwishyu yo kubitsa ntigikora cyane kuruta ububiko na bonds.

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Ni he ushobora kubona amakuru yerekeye inyemezabuguzi zabitswe ku Isoko rya Moscou

Niba igicuruzwa hamwe ninyemezabwishyu ijyanye no kubitsa bigurishwa mugihe kimwe, noneho nibyiza cyane gucuruza umutungo wibanze. Nyamara, akenshi usanga ubwoko bumwe gusa bugaragara. Muri uru rubanza, nta mahirwe yo guhitamo hagati yubwoko bwimigabane. Kugira ngo wumve umutungo ucuruzwa ku isoko ryimigabane, ugomba kureba kurutonde rwibikoresho. Umutwe uzerekana icyo ari cyo. Kubaho “JSC” bivuze ko tuvuga imigabane. Niba, nkurugero, ADR cyangwa GDR ivugwa, noneho inyemezabuguzi zabitswe.

Inyemezabwishyu yo kubitsa ibigo byu Burusiya, kwisi yose

Mu Burusiya, gukorana n’inyemezabwishyu bigengwa n’Itegeko No 39-FZ “Ku isoko ry’imigabane”. Ibisobanuro byabo byatanzwe mubuhanzi. 2, kandi amategeko yakazi yashyizweho mubuhanzi. 27: 5-3 y’iri tegeko. Urutonde rwimpapuro zuzuye (harimo inyemezabwishyu zabitswe) zemerewe gucuruza guhera ku ya 22 Ukuboza 2021 kuri MOEX: https://www.moex.com/en/listing/securities-list.aspx Urugero, inyemezabuguzi zabitswe n’umunyamahanga watanze ku migabane .
_ , Sony, Toyota n’abandi:
Inyemezabwishyu yo kubitsa n’imigabane mpuzamahanga kuri MOEX

Igihe cyo gushora imari mu nyemezabuguzi

Mubyukuri, inyungu nini ziva mu nyemezabuguzi zibaho mu gihe bishoboka ko umuntu ashobora kubona ubufasha bwabo bwo guhanahana amakuru yari yarafunzwe mbere ku mushoramari cyangwa umucuruzi. Kurugero, turashobora kuvuga kubyerekeye ibigo cyangwa inganda mubihugu bimwe na bimwe bishobora gufatwa nkibyiza gukorana nabyo. Iyindi nyungu yo gukoresha inyemezabuguzi ni uko amadini yabo ashobora gutandukana n’umugabane. Byongeye kandi, ntidushobora kuvuga imigabane igera ku 10 cyangwa 100 gusa, ahubwo dushobora no kuvuga imigabane. Ibi bihe bituma ishoramari ryoroha mugihe aho umugabane ufite agaciro kanini ugereranije (urugero, niba ari amadorari ibihumbi byinshi).
Gutanga inyemezabuguzi yo kubitsa [/ caption] Amahame yo gukorana ninyemezabwishyu asa nayakoreshejwe mubucuruzi hamwe nimpapuro zitandukanye. By’umwihariko, ugomba kwibuka ibi bikurikira:

1. Iyo ucuruza cyangwa ushora imari, harikibazo gikomeye kijyanye no kutamenya ihinduka ryigihe kizaza. Urashobora kugabanya ukora ishoramari rya portfolio. Muri icyo gihe, kugura ubwoko butandukanye bwimpapuro zakozwe hakurikijwe urwego rwateganijwe.
2. Kugirango dusuzume neza amahitamo yiterambere ryigihe kizaza, birakenewe gukoresha uburyo bwisesengura ryibanze na tekiniki. Muri icyo gihe, ni ngombwa kwiga ibiranga iterambere ry’isosiyete yatanze inyemezabuguzi no kumva uburyo iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’igihugu cyacyo rigenda.
3. Nibiba ngombwa, ugomba guhindura ibice bigize portfolio. Ibi birashobora gukenerwa mugihe aho amagambo yatanzwe yakiriwe atera imbere muburyo butifuzwa.
4. Tugomba kwibuka ko gukoresha inyemezabuguzi zitanga umusaruro mwinshi akenshi bifitanye isano ningaruka zikomeye. Kubwibyo, ntibishoboka gushora amafaranga yose aboneka muburyo bumwe gusa. Gutandukana bigabanya ingaruka kandi byongera amahirwe yo kubona inyungu.

Rimwe na rimwe, ni byiza cyane gukora ku isoko ryimigabane atari wenyine, ahubwo kohereza amafaranga yo gucunga ikizere. Muri iki gihe, bizashoboka gukoresha serivisi zinzobere zishobora kuba zishobora gutanga inyungu ikwiye ku ishoramari.

Inyemezabwishyu ya GDRs, ADRs, RDRs yamasosiyete yo muburusiya Tinkoff, Mail, Yandex, nibindi. – gusoresha, ingaruka, ibiranga: https://youtu.be/9p2kxTo9A_U

Nigute wabikora mubikorwa

Mu bucuruzi bufatika, ibikorwa byo kugura no kugurisha inyemezabuguzi ntibitandukanye muburyo bwabo nibikorwa byakozwe nimigabane. Umucuruzi arashobora guhitamo umutungo ukwiranye nubwoko nizina ryigikoresho hanyuma agakora ibikorwa yifuza. Abakoresha ntibakunze gutandukanya ubu bwoko bubiri bwibikoresho. Kugirango usobanure niba iyi ari imigabane cyangwa inyemezabuguzi yo kubitsa, urashobora kureba amakuru yerekanwe kurubuga rwo guhana.

Umusoro

Umusoro ku nyungu ku giti cye urashobora kwishyurwa ku itandukaniro riri hagati yo kugura no kugurisha ibicuruzwa byinjira. Gukenera kwishura no kubara neza amafaranga bikorwa na broker. Mubisanzwe we ubwe akuramo amafaranga akwiye kuri konti agakuramo ubwishyu. Iyo umaze kubona inyungu cyangwa kwishyura kuri coupon, umusoro ku nyungu uhora wishyurwa. Igomba kwerekanwa mumatangazo “3-NDFL” kandi ikoherezwa mumisoro yigenga.

Ibibazo n’ibisubizo

Ikibazo: “Ninde wizewe cyane: imigabane cyangwa inyemezabwishyu?” Igisubizo: “Kwizerwa kwabo ni bimwe. Mugihe cyanyuma, umucungamutungo na banki yo kubitsa bafite uruhare mubikorwa byo gucuruza, ariko hafi buri gihe ni imiryango yizewe kandi yizewe.
Ikibazo: “Ninde muri uyu mutungo wunguka gushora imari no gucuruza?” Igisubizo: “Gukora kungurana ibitekerezo bifitanye isano no kuba hari ingaruka zikomeye, zitandukanye muri kamere. Nta bikoresho byemezwa gutanga inyungu, tutitaye ku bihe. Gukoresha inyemezabuguzi yo kubitsa kubibazo byabo birasa cyane no gukoresha imigabane ijyanye.