Momwe mungatsegule akaunti yosungiramo ndalama komanso chifukwa chake IIS ikufunika

An Individual Investment Account (IIA) ndi akaunti yobwereketsa yomwe mutha kuyikamo msika wachitetezo. Koma, mosiyana ndi akaunti yobwereketsa nthawi zonse, IIS imakulolani kuti mulandire phindu / kuchotsera msonkho kuchokera ku boma.

Kodi akaunti yosungiramo munthu payekha ndi chiyani, zabwino zake zazikulu ndi zoyipa zake ndi zotani komanso momwe zimagwirira ntchito

Pakhoza kukhala akaunti imodzi yokha ya brokerage yokhala ndi phindu la msonkho. Lamulo limalola nzika kukhala ndi 2 IIS nthawi yomweyo osapitilira mwezi umodzi. Mukatsegula akaunti ndi broker m’modzi koma osatseka akaunti ndi
broker wina . Panthawi imodzimodziyo, lamulo silimapereka malire pa chiwerengero cha akaunti za brokerage wamba (zopanda ndalama). Akaunti yobwereketsa nthawi zonse siyingapangidwe kukhala akaunti yoyika ndalama. IIS iyenera kutsegulidwanso. [id id mawu = “attach_12231” align = “aligncenter” wide = “812”]
Mawonekedwe a IIS [/ mawu] M’chaka, ndizoletsedwa kubwezeretsanso IIS kwa ma ruble opitilira 1 miliyoni. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha kuchotsera msonkho ndi 52,000 rubles. Palibe zoletsa pa kuchuluka kwa zochitika pa akaunti ya brokerage wamba kapena IIS. Mwachikhazikitso, akaunti ya brokerage imagawidwa m’magawo atatu – katundu, nthawi ndi ndalama. Ogulitsa ena (Kutsegula, Finam) amapereka ntchito yophatikiza mu akaunti imodzi. Pa pempho la kasitomala mu ofesi, mukhoza kufunsira kuphatikiza mu akaunti imodzi IIS. Ntchitoyi siyingathenso. Ogulitsa okhawo omwe akaunti yawo yakhalapo kwa zaka zoposa 3 ndi omwe ali ndi ufulu wochotsa msonkho. Nzika zambiri za ku Russia zimachita mantha ndi mfundo iyi – anthu ochepa ali ndi ndalama zomwe zimasungidwa mu kukula kotero kuti ma ruble 400-1500 zikwi sizidzafunikadi kwa zaka zitatu. Koma mfundo imeneyi ndi yosavuta kuilambalala. Ndikokwanira kutsegula IIS, Sikoyenera kuyika ndalama mukatsegula akaunti. Kumapeto kwa chaka chachitatu cha akauntiyo, bweretsani akauntiyo ndi ma ruble 400,000. Mu Januwale, bweretsaninso akaunti ya 400,000, lembani msonkho wa 3-munthu muakaunti yanu ya Federal Tax Service. Ndizomwezo, akauntiyo ikhoza kutsekedwa, ntchitoyo itakonzedwa, kuchotsedwa kwa msonkho kudzasamutsidwa ku khadi. [id id mawu = “attach_12225” align = “aligncenter” wide = “708”]
Momwe osataya kuchotsera msonkho pa IIS [/ mawu] Ngati mumabwezanso IIS (monga momwe boma lidakonzera) ndipo mumafunikira ndalamazo pasanathe zaka 3, muyenera kubweza zomwe mwalandira ndikulipira khobiri kuti mugwiritse ntchito ndalama za msonkho.

Ndizosatheka kuchotsa gawo la ndalamazo ku IIS. Kuchotsa kulikonse kwandalama kumabweretsa kutsekeka kwa akauntiyo. Koma sizingagwire ntchito kutseka IIS zokha, m’malo mwake, broker amangoletsa ntchito zochotsa.

Osati aliyense wogwira ntchito angathe kutseka IIS ngakhale palibe katundu pa akaunti ya brokerage. Komanso:

1. Ma ruble okha ndi omwe angasungidwe mu akaunti ya IIS.
2. Pa akaunti yandalama ya munthu, mutha kugula zida zilizonse zomwe zimagulitsidwa ku Moscow Exchange , kuphatikiza ma ETF ndi zotumphukira zamtsogolo ndi zosankha.
3. Mutha kugulitsa pa IIS ku Moscow ndi St. Petersburg stock exchange.
4. Kugulidwa kwa magawo akunja (kupatula magawo ogulitsidwa ku St. Petersburg Stock Exchange) sikuloledwa. Makasitomala omwe akufuna kuchita malonda m’misika yaku US, China kapena India mwachindunji sangathe kulandira kuchotsera msonkho pazochita zotere.
5. Ma broker ena (mwachitsanzo, VTB) amakulolani kuti mutenge zopindulitsa ndi makuponi a bondi ku akaunti yakubanki. Ngati mubweza ndalamazi ku akaunti ya brokerage, izi zidzatengedwa ngati kubwezeretsanso ndipo mutha kuchotsera msonkho kuchokera ku ndalamazi. Ngati makuponi ndi zopindula zidzabwera ku akaunti ya brokerage ngati kubwezeretsanso, izi sizimaganiziridwa.
6. Mutha kugula masheya kutsala masiku 1-2 kuti gawoli liperekedwe, kapena ma bond angongole ku federal masiku owerengeka ndalama za kuponi zisanachitike. Daredevils amawagula ngakhale ndi ndalama. Kuti muwonjezere malipiro a makuponi. Chifukwa chake, mutha kuchotsa mpaka 50% ya akaunti ya IIS pachaka kupita ku akaunti yakubanki. Chilichonse chiyenera kuwerengedwa kuti zisawonongeke. Kupatula apo, pambuyo pa kudulidwa kwa magawo, magawo amatsika ndi kuchuluka kwa zopindula. Wogulitsayo amalipira chindapusa popereka mwayi, zomwe sizingakulipire ngati mutakhala ndi malo otayika kwa nthawi yayitali.
7. Lamulo silikhazikitsa nthawi yayitali kwambiri ya IIS. Mutha kupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito pakatha zaka zitatu, chaka chilichonse mumalandira zochotsera. Pankhaniyi, mukhoza kutseka nthawi iliyonse.
8. Ndalama pa akaunti ya brokerage (iliyonse) sizikhala ndi inshuwaransi ya DIA. Kuyika ndalama kumaphatikizapo chiopsezo chotaya ndalama.
9. Katundu (masheya ndi ma bond) samasungidwa ndi broker, koma mu depository ndipo adzakhalabe anu ngakhale broker atasokonekera. Ndalama mu akaunti ya brokerage ilibe chitetezo ichi.

Kodi IIS ndi chiyani – zomveka bwino komanso zopezeka pa akaunti yandalama: https://youtu.be/zKkgnJLil1s

Mitundu yochotsera msonkho

Pali mitundu iwiri yochotsera msonkho yomwe ingalandilidwe pa IIS.

Mtundu wochotsera msonkho A

Kubwerera kwa 13% ya ndalama zomwe zasungidwa ku akaunti ya brokerage, koma osapitirira 52 zikwi pachaka. Kuti mulembetse kuti muchotsedwe, muyenera kugonjera oyang’anira misonkho (odzazidwa ndi zamagetsi kudzera muakaunti yanu ya Federal Tax Service):

• satifiketi 2-msonkho waumwini wanthawi ya msonkho;
• mgwirizano ndi kampani ya brokerage yosunga akaunti;
• chitsimikiziro cha kubwezeretsanso akaunti ya brokerage – chiphaso kapena chiphaso chochokera ku banki;
• 3-NDFL (yodzazidwa ndi akaunti yaumwini ya Federal Tax Service).

Zolemba ziyenera kutumizidwa pasanathe zaka zitatu kuyambira chaka chomwe ngongole yamisonkho imanenedwa. Akuluakulu amisonkho amasamutsa ndalama kuzomwe zafotokozedwa muzofunsira mkati mwa miyezi 4 – miyezi 3 kuti zitsimikizidwe ndi mwezi umodzi wotumizira ndalama. Mutha kuchotsera msonkho ngakhale kulibe malipiro ovomerezeka – 2-msonkho waumwini ukhoza kulandiridwa, mwachitsanzo, ndi malonda abwino pa akaunti yobwereketsa wamba. Chifukwa chake, mutha kuchepetsa misonkho yomwe imaperekedwa popanda zoletsa pakuchotsa gawo landalama kuchokera ku akaunti ya brokerage. Komanso, kudzera mu kuchotsera msonkho wa IIS, mutha kubweza msonkho womwe unaperekedwa pakugulitsa malo, chiwongola dzanja pamadipoziti kapena msonkho woperekedwa pamalipiro. Odzilemba ntchito (msonkho umalipidwa pamlingo wa 4 kapena 6%) sangathe kubweza misonkho kudzera mu IIS.

Mtundu wochotsera msonkho B

Nzika siyimalipira msonkho pa ndalama zonse zomwe akauntiyo ili nayo. Kupatulapo zopindula, msonkho umachotsedwa mosasamala mtundu wa akaunti. Muyeneranso kulipira msonkho pakugulitsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali ndi ndalama. Nzika ikhoza kusankha mtundu wa ngongole ya msonkho yomwe ingasankhe mpaka tsiku lotseka akauntiyo. Koma mutalandira kuchotsedwa kwa msonkho, sikudzakhala kothekanso kusintha mtundu wa phindu la msonkho. Kusintha mtundu wa kuchotsera, ndikofunikira kuti mutsegule IIS yatsopano pakatha zaka zitatu. Pa akaunti yatsopano, padzakhalanso chisankho chochotsera. Lamulo silipereka malire pa chiwerengero cha akaunti zomwe zatsegulidwa kumene panthawi ya moyo wa nzika.

Lamulo lokonzekera likukonzedwa pamtundu wachitatu wochotsa msonkho – nthawi ya akauntiyo ndi zaka 10, ndikuwonjezeranso kuposa 1 miliyoni pachaka. Akuluakulu a boma amanena kuti mwanjira imeneyi nzika zidzasunga ndalama zogulira malo.

[id id mawu = “attach_12229” align = “aligncenter” wide = “1026”]
Mtundu wochotsera msonkho A ndi B pa IIS[/caption]

Kodi ndingatsegule bwanji akaunti yosungiramo ndalama – zomwe zimafunika komanso kuchuluka kwa IIS kutsegulidwa

Kuti mutsegule akaunti yosungiramo ndalama, pasipoti yokha ndiyofunika. Nthawi zina, amatha kufunsa SNILS kapena TIN. Ma broker ambiri amapereka ntchitoyi patali. Kusintha broker mutatsegula IIS ndi njira yotsika mtengo, chifukwa chake kusankha kwa broker kuyenera kufikidwa mosamala – phunzirani mitengo patsamba la broker, dutsani m’mabwalo, werengani ndemanga zamakasitomala. IIS Investments Kutsegula https://open-broker.ru/invest/:
Kutsegula IIS yopitilira imodzi sikungagwire ntchito:
Ndi bwino kusankha broker kuchokera ku TOP-20 yofalitsidwa pa webusaiti ya Moscow Exchange (VTB, Finam , Sberbank, Otkritie, BCS ndi ena) . [id id mawu = “attach_515” align = “aligncenter” wide = “1127”]
Mabroker okhala ndi layisensi[/ mawu] Misonkho ya IIS nthawi zambiri simasiyana ndi tarifi ya akaunti yobwereketsa wamba ngati kasitomala asankha kuyang’anira IIS payekha. Pa akaunti yogulitsa munthu payekha, muyenera kusankha broker wodalirika, ngakhale atakhala ndi mitengo yampikisano. Ngakhale simunayambe mwagulitsapo ndipo simumvetsa zovuta zamasewera osinthira, muyenera kutsegula IIS. Osachepera kuti mulandire kuchotsera msonkho pakadutsa zaka zitatu. Kutsegula akaunti ndi kwaulere ndipo sikukhazikitsa udindo uliwonse kwa nzika. Palibe ndalama zochepa zomwe mungayambe kuyikapo ndalama. Koma ma broker ambiri amaika ma komisheni owonjezera a ma ruble 200-500 pamwezi pamaakaunti osakwana 50 zikwizikwi. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti pafupifupi ndalamazi zimafunikira kuti mupange mbiri yocheperako ya ETF. Pazachuma m’matangadza, amalonda nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa kusonkhanitsa mbiri ya ma ruble 200-400. Pambuyo potsegula IIS, wobwereketsa adzapereka tsatanetsatane wowonjezeranso akaunti ya IIS. Mutha kubwezeretsanso akaunti yanu yopanda ndalama kuchokera ku kirediti kadi ndikulipira kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito ya P2P (pamene mukubwezeretsanso motere, wobwereketsa atha kulipiritsa 1%), kapena kusamutsa kuchokera ku akaunti yobwereketsa wamba ngati IIS. ndipo akaunti ya brokerage ili ndi broker yemweyo. Ngati maakaunti ali ndi ma broker osiyanasiyana, muyenera kusiya kaye ku kirediti kadi. Mukasamutsa ndalama kuchokera ku akaunti yobwereketsa nthawi zonse, muyenera kulipira msonkho (ngati pali ndalama). Mutha kubwezeretsanso akaunti yanu yopanda ndalama kuchokera ku kirediti kadi ndikulipira kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito ya P2P (pamene mukubwezeretsanso motere, wobwereketsa atha kulipiritsa 1%), kapena kusamutsa kuchokera ku akaunti yobwereketsa wamba ngati IIS. ndipo akaunti ya brokerage ili ndi broker yemweyo. Ngati maakaunti ali ndi ma broker osiyanasiyana, muyenera kusiya kaye ku kirediti kadi. Mukasamutsa ndalama kuchokera ku akaunti yobwereketsa nthawi zonse, muyenera kulipira msonkho (ngati pali ndalama). Mutha kubwezeretsanso akaunti yanu yopanda ndalama kuchokera ku kirediti kadi ndi chiwongolero cholipira kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito ya P2P (powonjezeranso motere, wobwereketsa atha kulipiritsa 1%), kapena kusamutsa ku akaunti yobwereketsa wamba ngati IIS. ndipo akaunti ya brokerage ili ndi broker yemweyo. Ngati maakaunti ali ndi ma broker osiyanasiyana, muyenera kusiya kaye ku kirediti kadi. Mukasamutsa ndalama kuchokera ku akaunti yobwereketsa nthawi zonse, muyenera kulipira msonkho (ngati pali ndalama).

Momwe mungatseke IIS

Kutseka kwa IIS kumachitika mu dipatimenti yokha. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti kuti mutseke akaunti sikuyenera kukhala katundu, ndalama zokha. Ndizotheka kutseka IIS ndi katundu ndikusamutsira ku IIS ina kapena akaunti yobwereketsa nthawi zonse. Si onse ogulitsa amadziwitsa makasitomala awo za izi. Kutseka IIA ndi katundu ndi njira yovuta, ndipo mudzayenera kulipira ndalama pafupifupi 200-400 rubles pakusamutsa gawo lililonse kapena bondi. Posamutsa katundu kuchokera kwa broker kupita ku wina, msonkho waumwini sulipidwa, nzikayo imakhala ndi ufulu wochotsedwa. Phindu lazaka zitatu silingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa IIS. Kuti mulandire zopindulitsa zotere, ndikofunikira kusamutsa magawo ku akaunti yobwereketsa (ngati broker achita izi). Chifukwa chake, mutha kulandira mitundu iwiri yochotsera nthawi yomweyo – kuti mubwezerenso kudzera mumtundu 1 wochotsa msonkho komanso ndalama, ngati njira yamalonda ikuphatikizapo kukhala ndi maudindo kwa nthawi yaitali. [id id mawu = “attach_12227” align = “aligncenter” wide = “603”]
Chitsanzo cha kuwerengera phindu pa IIS [/ mawu] Kodi malo abwino kwambiri oti mutsegule akaunti yosungiramo ndalama ku Russia kuyambira 2022 – mlingo wa ogula bwino kwambiri komanso odalirika kuti atsegule IIS, – Tinkoff, VTB, Sber, Alfa, BCS – tariffs and services: https: //youtu.be/E4jQxrgBJMw Nzika zonse za Russian Federation zomwe zafika zaka 18 ndipo zolembetsa zokhazikika kapena zosakhalitsa zili ndi ufulu wotsegula IIS. Lamulo silinena kuti antchito a boma alibe ufulu wa IIS ndi msonkho wa msonkho. IIS si ntchito yamalonda. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ogwira ntchito m’boma ndi achibale awo sakuyenera kukhala ndi magawo akunja ndipo adzafunika kupereka malipoti omwe adalandira monga ndalama mu chilengezo chawo chapachaka. Katundu muakaunti yogulitsa munthu payekha, monga katundu wina aliyense, amayenera kugawikana pachisudzulo cha okwatirana (ngati tsiku lotsegulira akauntiyo lisanafike paukwati), bailiffs akhoza kuwamanga, iwo akhoza kukhala cholowa. Koma chifukwa cha izi, ngati kukakamiza majeure, muyenera kuuza achibale anu za kukhalapo kwa akaunti ya IIS. Wogulitsayo sakakamizidwa kudziwitsa olowa nyumba za kukhalapo kwa maakaunti.

IIS Investment strategy

Zoyenera kuchita kwa oyamba kumene

Ngati ndinu watsopano kumisika yazachuma ndipo muli ndi ntchito yokhazikika yokhala ndi ndalama zopitilira 400,000 pachaka, njira yopambana kwambiri ndikuyika 400,000 pachaka (kamodzi kapena pamwezi), kugula ma bond a ngongole ku federal ndi ndalama izi, ndi kulandira kuchotsera msonkho wa mtundu A. Ndi kayendetsedwe kodziyimira pawokha kwa IIS, kuti akwaniritse ntchito zamalonda, pamafunika kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu apadera pakompyuta kapena foni. Mpaka mapulogalamu 5 pamwezi amatha kupangidwa kwaulere kudzera mwa wogwiritsa ntchito pafoni. Njira yosavuta yotereyi yopanda zoopsa yomwe imabweretsa pafupifupi 15% pachaka.

Kwa osunga ndalama odziwa zambiri

Ngati ndinu Investor odziwa ndipo ndi njira kumabweretsa kuposa 13% pachaka, ndi kopindulitsa kwambiri kumamatira pa IIA ndipo, pambuyo kutha kwa nthawi anakhazikitsa, kusankha phindu msonkho mtundu B. An IIA calculator zomwe zimapereka kuwerengera kubweza kwa ndalama pa intaneti zitha kungopereka lingaliro loyerekeza la zokolola. Ngakhale malipiro ovomerezeka akulolani kuti mutenge ndalama zochepetsera msonkho, ndizosatheka kufotokozera momwe mungaperekere mwezi uliwonse.
Ndalama zochokera ku IIA zitha kunenedweratu ngati mukufuna kuyika ma ruble 20-30 pamwezi ndikugula ma bond a ngongole ku federal kapena osagulitsa konse. Komanso, n’zosatheka kulosera zotsatira za ndalama kwa zaka 3 pasadakhale. Koma mautumiki amenewa angathandize kulota.

Panali zochitika pamene nzika sizinagulitsidwe pa IIS, ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito kuti zilandire msonkho. Pankhaniyi, ofesi yamisonkho ikhoza kukana kuchotsera msonkho chifukwa cha akaunti yabodza. Kuti mupewe zoopsa zamtunduwu, muyenera kugula ma bond a ngongole ku federal ndikukhwima pang’ono.

Trust Management ya IIS

Ngati simukudziwa momwe mungagulitsire malonda ndipo mwakonzeka kuyika pachiwopsezo kuti mupeze ndalama zambiri, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito za broker pakuwongolera kukhulupirika kwa IIS. Mabitolo akuluakulu ambiri amapereka njira zopangira ndalama zokhazikika zokhala ndi chiwopsezo chochepa kapena chachikulu. Pankhaniyi, palibe zitsimikizo za ndalama, pangakhale ngakhale kutaya. Koma ntchito yapachaka yoyang’anira IIS iyenera kulipidwa. Ndikofunikira kuyang’ana kuti mgwirizano wa trust management uli ndi gawo pazotayika kwambiri, zikafika zomwe zayima. Apo ayi, mmalo mwa phindu, mukhoza kutaya ndalama zonse. Ndi kasamalidwe kodziyimira pawokha kwa IIS, kasitomala alibe malire pakubweza, mutha kusamutsa ndalama nthawi iliyonse. Amatha kusamutsa ma ruble 100 kuti ayambe kuyika ndalama. Munthu ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti kuchepa kwa ndalamazo, phindu lochepa la ruble lidzalandiridwa. Mukamapanga ndalama kudzera mu kasamalidwe ka trust ka IIS, pamafunika kubwezeretsanso akauntiyo mukasaina mgwirizano. Kuchulukitsa kocheperako ndi ma ruble 90-100,000. Nthawi zambiri, broker amapereka zinthu zomwe zakonzedwa kale kuti zigwire ntchito pa IIS yokhala ndi ziwopsezo zosiyanasiyana:

1. Chiwopsezo chochepa – ndalama zimayikidwa mu thumba la masheya osinthanitsa. Zokolola zomwe zimanenedwa ndi 0.9-15%. Zikuyembekezeka kuti ngakhale pazovuta kwambiri, zotayika zidzaphimbidwa ndi kuchotsera msonkho.
2. Chiwopsezo chapakatikati kapena chotsika – ndalama zimayikidwa m’masheya / ngongole za federal / ma bond amakampani mu gawo la 10% / 30% / 60%. Phindu lakale la njirayi ndi 52% pachaka kuyambira 2017. Munthawi yandalama (wogulitsa amalimbikitsa kuyika ndalama kwazaka zosachepera 3), kasitomala atha kubweza zolakwika. Palibe malire otayika.
3. Chiwopsezo chachikulu – ndalama zimayikidwa m’magawo 10 apamwamba a Russian Federation ndi magawo ena. Phindu lakale la njira kuyambira 2017 ndi 72%. Mpata wa zotayika sunasonyezedwe.

Mitundu ya ziwopsezo pakupanga ndalama – zolimbitsa thupi, zolimbitsa thupi, zankhanza[/ mawu] Akaunti yosunga ndalama ndi chida chosavuta chomwe chimakulolani kuchita onjezerani ndalama kuchokera ku malonda opambana. Zoletsedwazo ndizochepa kwa nzika zomwe zikuwerengera nthawi yayitali, nthawi zonse zimayika gawo la ndalama zawo m’masitolo, ma bond ndi ndalama zogulitsa malonda. IIS ndiyosangalatsa ngakhale kwa iwo omwe sachita malonda ndipo safuna kumvetsetsa misika yazachuma. Kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuchulutsa ndalama zaulere, koma alibe chidziwitso chokwanira, ma broker amapereka kasamalidwe ka trust ndi mwayi wopeza phindu kuposa kuchuluka kopanda chiwopsezo, komanso zoopsa zochepa. Zoyipa za IIS ndizosafunikira kwa osunga ndalama ambiri.