Nigute ushobora gufungura konti yishoramari kugiti cye n’impamvu IIS ikenewe

Konti y’ishoramari ku giti cye (IIA) ni konti ya brokerage ushobora kunyuzamo ku isoko ryimigabane. Ariko, bitandukanye na konti isanzwe yubucuruzi, IIS iguha uburenganzira bwo kubona inyungu yumusoro / kugabanywa na leta.

Niki konti yishoramari kugiti cye, nibyiza nibibi byayo kandi ikora gute

Hashobora kubaho konti imwe gusa ya brokerage hamwe ninyungu zumusoro. Amategeko yemerera umuturage kugira 2 IIS icyarimwe mugihe kitarenze ukwezi. Iyo ufunguye konti hamwe na broker umwe kandi ukaba utarafunga konti nundi
mubunzi . Muri icyo gihe, amategeko ntateganya imipaka ku mubare wa konti zisanzwe (zidashora imari). Konti isanzwe ya brokerage ntishobora gukorwa kuri konti yishoramari. IIS igomba gufungurwa byongeye. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_12231” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “812”]
Ibiranga IIS [/ caption] Mugihe cyumwaka, birabujijwe kuzuza IIS kumafaranga arenga miliyoni. Umubare ntarengwa wo kugabanyirizwa imisoro ni amafaranga ibihumbi 52. Nta mbogamizi ku mubare wubucuruzi kuri konti isanzwe yubucuruzi cyangwa IIS. Mburabuzi, konte ya brokerage igabanijwemo ibice 3 – ububiko, igihe nifaranga. Bamwe mubakora (Gufungura, Finam) batanga serivise yo guhuza konti imwe. Bisabwe nabakiriya mubiro, urashobora gusaba guhuriza hamwe kuri konte imwe ya IIS. Iki gikorwa ntigishobora gusubirwaho. Gusa abashoramari bafite konti imaze imyaka irenga 3 bafite uburenganzira bwo kugabanyirizwa imisoro. Abenegihugu benshi b’Uburusiya bafite ubwoba kuri iyi ngingo – abantu bake bafite ubwizigame ku buryo amafaranga ibihumbi 400-1500 bitazakenerwa rwose mu myaka itatu. Ariko iyi ngingo iroroshye kurenga. Birahagije gufungura IIS, Ntabwo ari ngombwa kubitsa amafaranga mugihe ufunguye konti. Umwaka wa gatatu urangiye konti ibaho, ongera wuzuze konti amafaranga ibihumbi 400. Muri Mutarama, wuzuze konti y’ibindi bihumbi 400, wuzuze umusoro ku nyungu-3 kuri konti bwite ya Serivisi ishinzwe imisoro. Nibyo, konte irashobora gufungwa, nyuma yo gusaba gutunganywa, kugabanyirizwa imisoro byimurirwa mukarita. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_12225” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “708”]
Nigute utabura kugabanyirizwa imisoro kuri IIS [/ caption] Niba wuzuza buri gihe IIS (nkuko leta yabiteganyaga) ukaba ukeneye amafaranga mbere yimyaka 3, ugomba gusubiza amafaranga yakiriwe hanyuma ukishyura igiceri kugirango ukoreshe amafaranga y’imisoro.

Ntibishoboka gukuramo igice cyamafaranga muri IIS. Gukuramo amafaranga yose biganisha ku gufunga konti mu buryo bwikora. Ariko ntabwo bizakora gufunga IIS mu buryo bwikora, ahubwo, broker azahagarika gusa ibikorwa byo kubikuza.

Ntabwo buri mukozi ashobora gufunga IIS nubwo nta mutungo uri kuri konti ya brokerage kugiti cye. Nanone:

1. Amafaranga gusa arashobora kubikwa kuri konte ya IIS.
2. Kuri konti yishoramari kugiti cyawe, urashobora kugura ibikoresho byose bigurishwa kumasoko ya Moscou , harimo ETF nibikomoka mubihe bizaza.
3. Urashobora gucuruza kuri IIS ku isoko ryimigabane rya Moscou na St.
4. Kugura imigabane y’amahanga (usibye imigabane yagurishijwe ku isoko ry’imigabane rya St. Petersburg) ntabwo byemewe. Abakiriya bifuza gucuruza ku masoko yo muri Amerika, Ubushinwa cyangwa Ubuhinde ntibashobora kubona umusoro ku bicuruzwa nk’ibyo.
5. Bamwe mubakora (urugero, VTB) bakwemerera gukuramo inyungu hamwe na coupons kuri konti ya banki. Niba usubije ayo mafranga kuri konte ya brokerage, ibi bizafatwa nkuzuzanya kandi urashobora kugabanyirizwa umusoro muri aya mafaranga. Niba ama coupons hamwe ninyungu bizaza kuri konte ya brokerage nkuzuzanya, ibi ntibisuzumwa.
6. Urashobora kugura imigabane mbere yiminsi 1-2 mbere yo kwishyura inyungu, cyangwa inguzanyo zinguzanyo za reta iminsi mike mbere yo kwishyura coupon. Gutinyuka no kubigura hamwe nubukungu. Kongera ubwishyu bwa coupon. Rero, urashobora gukuramo kugeza kuri 50% ya konte ya IIS kumwaka kuri konti ya banki. Ibintu byose bigomba kubarwa kugirango bitagira igihombo. Nyuma ya byose, nyuma yo kugabanya inyungu, imigabane igabanuka hafi yumubare winyungu. Broker yishyuza amafaranga yo gutanga leverage, itazishyura mugihe ufite umwanya wo gutakaza umwanya muremure.
7. Amategeko ntashyiraho igihe ntarengwa cya IIS. Urashobora gukomeza kuyikoresha nyuma yimyaka itatu, buri mwaka wakiriye kugabanywa. Muri iki kibazo, urashobora kuyifunga igihe icyo aricyo cyose.
8. Amafaranga kuri konti ya brokerage (any) ntabwo atangirwa ubwishingizi bwa DIA. Ishoramari ririmo ibyago byo gutakaza ishoramari.
9. Umutungo (ububiko na bonds) ntabwo ubitswe hamwe na broker, ariko mububiko kandi bizakomeza kuba ibyawe nubwo umunyabigeni yahombye. Amafaranga muri konte ya brokerage ntabwo afite ubwo burinzi.

Niki IIS – isobanutse kandi igerwaho kubyerekeye konti yishoramari kugiti cye: https://youtu.be/zKkgnJLil1s

Ubwoko bwo gukuramo imisoro

Hariho ubwoko bubiri bw’imisoro ishobora kwakirwa kuri IIS.

Ubwoko bwo kugabanya imisoro A.

Garuka 13% byamafaranga yashyizwe kuri konte ya brokerage, ariko ntabwo arenga ibihumbi 52 kumwaka. Kugirango usabe kugabanywa, ugomba gushyikiriza urwego rushinzwe imisoro (rwujujwe hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ukoresheje konti bwite ya serivisi ishinzwe imisoro):

• icyemezo 2-umusoro ku nyungu z’umuntu ku gihe cy’umusoro;
• amasezerano n’isosiyete ikora ibijyanye no kubika konti;
• kwemeza kuzuza konti yumuntu ku giti cye – inyemezabwishyu cyangwa icyemezo cyo kwishyura muri banki;
• 3-NDFL (yujujwe kuri konti bwite ya Serivisi ishinzwe imisoro).

Inyandiko zigomba gutangwa mugihe kitarenze imyaka itatu uhereye umwaka usabwa inguzanyo yimisoro. Abashinzwe imisoro bazohereza amafaranga kubisobanuro birambuye bisabwa mu gihe kitarenze amezi 4 – amezi 3 yo kugenzura n’ukwezi kumwe kohereza amafaranga. Urashobora kubona kugabanyirizwa umusoro kabone niyo haba nta mushahara wemewe – umusoro ku nyungu-2-ushobora kwakirwa, kurugero, hamwe nubucuruzi bwiza kuri konti isanzwe yubucuruzi. Rero, urashobora kugabanya imisoro yatanzwe nta mbogamizi ku gukuramo igice cyamafaranga kuri konti yubucuruzi. Na none, binyuze mu kugabanya imisoro ya IIS, urashobora gusubiza umusoro watanzwe mugurisha imitungo itimukanwa, inyungu kubitsa cyangwa umusoro wishyuwe kumafaranga. Abikorera ku giti cyabo (umusoro utangwa ku gipimo cya 4 cyangwa 6%) ntushobora gusubiza imisoro binyuze muri IIS.

Ubwoko bwo kugabanya imisoro B.

Umuturage asonewe kwishyura imisoro ku nyungu zose mugihe konti ibaho. Usibye inyungu, umusoro ucibwa utitaye ku bwoko bwa konti. Uzagomba kandi kwishyura umusoro ku kugurisha ibyuma byagaciro n’ifaranga. Umuturage arashobora guhitamo ubwoko bwinguzanyo yimisoro guhitamo kugeza umunsi wo gufunga konti. Ariko nyuma yo kubona kugabanyirizwa imisoro, ntibizaba bigishoboka guhindura ubwoko bwinyungu zumusoro. Guhindura ubwoko bwo kugabanywa, birasabwa gufungura IIS nshya nyuma yimyaka itatu. Kuri konti nshya, hazongera kubaho guhitamo kugabanywa. Amategeko ntateganya imipaka ku mubare wa konti nshya zafunguwe mu buzima bw’umuturage.

Umushinga w’itegeko urimo gutegurwa ku bwoko bwa gatatu bwo kugabanya imisoro – igihe cya konti kiva ku myaka 10, huzuzwa hejuru ya miliyoni imwe ku mwaka. Abayobozi bavuga ko muri ubwo buryo abaturage bazigama imitungo itimukanwa.

Ubwoko bwo kugabanya imisoro A na B kuri IIS [/ caption]

Nigute nshobora gufungura konti yishoramari kugiti cye – igikenewe nangahe gufungura IIS

Gufungura konti yishoramari kugiti cye, hasabwa pasiporo gusa. Rimwe na rimwe, barashobora gusaba SNILS cyangwa TIN. Abahuza benshi batanga iyi serivisi kure. Guhindura umukoresha nyuma yo gufungura IIS nuburyo buhenze cyane, bityo guhitamo umukoresha bigomba kwegerwa neza – wige ibiciro kurubuga rwumukoresha, unyuze mumahuriro, usome ibyo abakiriya basubiramo. Gufungura
ishoramari rya IIS
, Sberbank, Otkritie, BCS n’abandi). [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_515” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “1127”]
Abakora umwuga bafite uruhushya [/ caption] Ibiciro bya IIS mubisanzwe ntibitandukanye nigiciro cya konti isanzwe ya brokerage niba umukiriya ahisemo gucunga wenyine IIS. Kuri konti yishoramari kugiti cyawe, ugomba guhitamo broker wizewe, nubwo itanga ibiciro byapiganwa. Nubwo waba utarigeze ucuruza kandi ukaba utagiye gusobanukirwa nubuhanga bwumukino wo guhana, ugomba gufungura IIS. Nibura kugirango ubone kugabanyirizwa umusoro nyuma yimyaka 3. Gufungura konti ni ubuntu kandi ntibisaba umuturage inshingano. Nta mubare muto ushobora gutangira gushora. Ariko abahuza benshi bashiraho komisiyo yinyongera yo gutumiza amafaranga 200-500 buri kwezi kuri konti zitarenga ibihumbi 50. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko hafi aya mafaranga asabwa kugirango habeho byibuze ETF itandukanye. Kubushoramari mububiko, abashoramari basaba gukusanya amafaranga ibihumbi 200-400. Nyuma yo gufungura IIS, broker azatanga ibisobanuro birambuye kugirango yuzuze konti ya IIS. Urashobora kuzuza konte yawe itari amafaranga ukoresheje ikarita ya banki ukoresheje itegeko ryo kwishyura cyangwa ukoresheje serivisi ya P2P (mugihe wuzuza muri ubu buryo, umunyabigenge ashobora kwishyuza komisiyo ya 1%), cyangwa wimuye kuri konte isanzwe yubucuruzi niba IIS na konte ya brokerage iri hamwe na broker umwe. Niba konti ziri hamwe nabakozi batandukanye, ugomba kubanza gukuramo ikarita ya banki. Mugihe wohereje amafaranga kuri konte isanzwe yubukorikori, ugomba kwishyura umusoro winjiza (niba, byanze bikunze, hari amafaranga yinjira). Urashobora kuzuza konte yawe itari amafaranga ukoresheje ikarita ya banki ukoresheje itegeko ryo kwishyura cyangwa ukoresheje serivisi ya P2P (mugihe wuzuza muri ubu buryo, umunyabigenge ashobora kwishyuza komisiyo ya 1%), cyangwa wimuye kuri konte isanzwe yubucuruzi niba IIS na konte ya brokerage iri hamwe na broker umwe. Niba konti ziri hamwe nabakozi batandukanye, ugomba kubanza gukuramo ikarita ya banki. Mugihe wohereje amafaranga kuri konte isanzwe yubukorikori, ugomba kwishyura umusoro winjiza (niba, byanze bikunze, hari amafaranga yinjira). Urashobora kuzuza konte yawe itari amafaranga ukoresheje ikarita ya banki ukoresheje itegeko ryo kwishyura cyangwa ukoresheje serivisi ya P2P (mugihe wuzuza muri ubu buryo, umunyabigenge ashobora kwishyuza komisiyo ya 1%), cyangwa wimuye kuri konte isanzwe yubucuruzi niba IIS na konte ya brokerage iri hamwe na broker umwe. Niba konti ziri hamwe nabakozi batandukanye, ugomba kubanza gukuramo ikarita ya banki. Mugihe wohereje amafaranga kuri konte isanzwe yubukorikori, ugomba kwishyura umusoro winjiza (niba, byanze bikunze, hari amafaranga yinjira).

Как закрыть ИИС

Gufunga IIS bikorwa mu ishami gusa. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko kugirango ufunge konti ntihakagombye kubaho umutungo, gusa amafaranga. Birashoboka gufunga IIS n’umutungo no kubyohereza kubindi IIS cyangwa konti isanzwe ya brokerage. Ntabwo abakora umwuga bose bamenyesha abakiriya babo ibi bishoboka. Gufunga IIA n’umutungo ni inzira itoroshye, kandi ugomba kwishyura komisiyo y’amafaranga agera kuri 200-400 yo kohereza buri mugabane cyangwa ingwate. Iyo kwimura umutungo uva mubunzi kuwundi, umusoro ku nyungu bwite ntutangwa, umuturage agumana uburenganzira bwo kugabanywa. Inyungu yimigabane yimyaka itatu ntishobora gukoreshwa kuri IIS. Kugira ngo ubone izo nyungu, birakenewe kohereza imigabane kuri konte ya broker (niba umunyabigenge akora ibyo bikorwa). Rero, urashobora guhita ubona ubwoko 2 bwo kugabanywa – kugirango wuzuze binyuze mumisoro yo mu bwoko bwa 1 no kwinjiza, niba ingamba zubucuruzi zirimo gufata umwanya muremure. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_12227” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “603”]
Urugero rwo kubara inyungu kuri IIS [/ caption] Nihehe heza ho gufungura konti yishoramari kugiti cyu Burusiya guhera mu 2022 – urutonde rwabakozi beza kandi bizewe bafungura IIS, – Tinkoff, VTB, Sber, Alfa, BCS – ibiciro na serivisi: https: //youtu.be/E4jQxrgBJMw Abenegihugu bose b’Uburusiya bageze ku myaka 18 kandi bafite kwiyandikisha burundu cyangwa by’agateganyo bafite uburenganzira bwo gufungura IIS. Itegeko ntirivuga ko abakozi ba Leta badafite uburenganzira ku nyungu za IIS. IIS ntabwo ari ibikorwa byubucuruzi. Muri icyo gihe, abakozi ba Leta n’imiryango yabo ntibafite uburenganzira bwo gutunga imigabane y’amahanga kandi bazasabwa kwerekana inyungu babonye nk’inyungu mu imenyekanisha ry’umwaka. Umutungo uri kuri konti yishoramari kugiti cye, nkumutungo uwo ariwo wose, urashobora kugabanwa nyuma yo gutandukana kwabashakanye (niba itariki yo gufungura konti itinze kurongora), abahesha b’inkiko barashobora kubafata, barashobora kuragwa. Ariko kubwibi, mugihe habaye imbaraga zidasanzwe, ugomba kubwira bene wanyu kubyerekeye konte ya IIS. Umukoresha ntategekwa kumenyesha abaragwa ko hariho konti.

Ingamba zo gushora imari IIS

Icyo gukora kubatangiye

Niba uri mushya kumasoko yimari kandi ufite akazi gasanzwe winjiza amafaranga arenga 400.000 kumwaka, ingamba zatsinze cyane nukubitsa 400.000 kumwaka (inshuro imwe cyangwa ukwezi), kugura inguzanyo zinguzanyo za reta hamwe naya mafranga, kandi yakira igabanywa ryubwoko A hamwe nubuyobozi bwigenga bwa IIS, kugirango bishyire mubikorwa ibikorwa byubucuruzi, birasabwa gushyira software idasanzwe kuri mudasobwa cyangwa terefone. Porogaramu zigera kuri 5 buri kwezi zirashobora gukorwa kubuntu binyuze kuri terefone. Ingamba zoroshye zidafite ingaruka zizana hafi 15% kumwaka.

Kubashoramari b’inararibonye

Niba uri umushoramari w’inararibonye kandi ufite ingamba zizana hejuru ya 13% kumwaka, nibyiza cyane kuyikomeraho kuri IIA kandi, nyuma yigihe cyagenwe kirangiye, hitamo inyungu yumusoro wubwoko B. An calculatrice IIA itanga kubara inyungu ku ishoramari kumurongo irashobora gutanga igitekerezo cyagereranijwe cyumusaruro. Nubwo umushahara wemewe wemerera kubona umusoro ntarengwa wo kugabanyirizwa imisoro, ntibishoboka guhanura amafaranga uzashobora gutanga buri kwezi.
Amafaranga ava muri IIA arashobora guhanurwa gusa mugihe ugiye gushora amafaranga ibihumbi 20-30 kumwezi ukagura gusa inguzanyo zinguzanyo za reta cyangwa ntugacuruze na gato. Byongeye kandi, ntibishoboka guhanura ibyavuye mu ishoramari imyaka 3 mbere. Ariko serivisi nkizo zirashobora gufasha kurota.

Hari igihe abaturage batacuruzaga kuri IIS, bakayikoresha gusa kugirango bagabanirizwe umusoro. Muri uru rubanza, ibiro by’imisoro birashobora kwanga gutanga umusoro kubera konti y’impimbano. Kugira ngo wirinde ingaruka ziterwa niki kibazo, ugomba kugura inguzanyo zinguzanyo za reta mugihe gito.

Gucunga ikizere cya IIS

Niba utazi gucuruza kandi ukaba witeguye gufata ibyago kugirango ubone amafaranga menshi, urashobora gukoresha serivisi zumuhuza mugucunga ikizere cya IIS. Abakora umwuga munini batanga ibisubizo byishoramari byiteguye kandi bifite ingaruka zingana cyangwa nyinshi. Muri iki gihe, nta garanti yinjiza, hashobora no kubaho igihombo. Ariko komisiyo ngarukamwaka yo gucunga IIS izakomeza kwishyurwa. Birakenewe kugenzura ko amasezerano yo gucunga ikizere akubiyemo ingingo ku gihombo kinini, iyo ugeze aho ubucuruzi buhagarara. Bitabaye ibyo, aho kugira inyungu, urashobora gutakaza amafaranga yose. Hamwe nubuyobozi bwigenga bwa IIS, umukiriya ntabwo agarukira mubwinshi bwo kuzuza, urashobora kohereza amafaranga umwanya uwariwo wose. Arashobora no kohereza amafaranga 100 kugirango atangire gushora imari. Umuntu agomba kumva gusa ko umubare muto w’ishoramari, inyungu nkeya ya ruble izakirwa. Iyo gushora imari binyuze mu micungire ya IIS, birasabwa kuzuza konti ako kanya nyuma yo gusinya amasezerano. Umubare ntarengwa wo kuzura ni amafaranga ibihumbi 90-100. Akenshi umunyabigega atanga ibicuruzwa byishoramari byiteguye gukora kuri IIS hamwe ninzego zitandukanye zibyago:

1. Ibyago bike – amafaranga ashora mumigabane yagurishijwe. Umusaruro usabwa ni 0.9-15%. Biteganijwe ko no mubihe bibi cyane, igihombo kizishyurwa no kugabanyirizwa imisoro.
2. Urwego ruciriritse cyangwa ruto – amafaranga ashora mububiko / inguzanyo zinguzanyo za reta / inguzanyo zamasosiyete ku kigereranyo cya 10% / 30% / 60%. Inyungu zamateka yingamba ni 52% kumwaka kuva 2017. Mugihe cyishoramari (broker arasaba gushora byibuze imyaka 3), umukiriya ashobora kubona inyungu mbi. Nta gihombo kirenga.
3. Urwego rwo hejuru rwibyago – amafaranga yashowe mumigabane 10 yambere ya Federasiyo yUburusiya hamwe na hamwe. Inyungu zamateka yingamba kuva 2017 ni 72%. Umubare w’igihombo ntugaragazwa.

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_ kongera amafaranga ava mubucuruzi bwatsinze. Ibibujijwe nta gaciro bifite kubaturage babara igihe kirekire, bahora bashora igice cyibyo binjiza mumigabane, ingwate n’amafaranga yagurishijwe. IIS irashimishije no kubadacuruza kandi badashaka kumva amasoko yimari. Kubashaka kugwiza amafaranga yubusa, ariko badafite ubumenyi buhagije, abahuza batanga imicungire yicyizere bafite inyungu zirenze igipimo kitagira ingaruka, hamwe ningaruka nke. Ibibi bya IIS nta gaciro bifite kubashoramari benshi.