Niki igihombo gihagarara mubucuruzi, uko ikora nuburyo itegeko ryashyizwe

Niki igihombo cyo guhagarika mubucuruzi mumagambo yoroshye, uko ikora nuburyo itegeko ryashyizwe – gahunda yo guhagarika igihombo. Guhagarika igihombo nigikoresho cyingenzi cyamafaranga yo gucunga ibyago, hamwe nabo gutakaza igishoro kubacuruzi. Uruhare rwarwo ni ugushiraho igihe ntarengwa cyagenwe igihombo umucuruzi yiteguye kwakira niba ibintu bitagenze neza. Ihuriro ryingenzi
ryubucuruzi ryemerera gushiraho igihombo cyo guhagarara, kubwibyo rero hari ibibujijwe bike uhereye kuriyi ngingo. Ni ngombwa kumva uburyo bwo kuyikoresha neza, kubera ko abadandaza badafite uburambe babikoresha gake, mugihe abandi bashoramari bashobora kuyikoresha nabi aho igomba kwirindwa.

Niki guhagarika igihombo, imyumvire rusange kubatangiye

Nta mushoramari ukunda igihombo mu nshingano zabo. Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo gukingira bushobora
gukoreshwa kugirango wirinde igihombo, uhereye ku ngamba zikomeye zikorwa kugeza gutandukana, ariko birashoboka ko inzira yoroshye yo kubishyira mubikorwa ari uguhagarika igihombo. Igisobanuro cyacyo kirasobanutse. Ijambo ryerekana urwego rugezeho aho umucuruzi ahita asohoka ku isoko. Mubyukuri, igihombo cyo guhagarika ni, mumagambo yoroshye, itegeko ryo kugura cyangwa kugurisha, bizakorwa gusa mugihe igiciro kinyuranye nigikorwa cyinshi kuburyo kizana igihombo kinini umucuruzi yemeye kubyemera. Ni ukuvuga ko gucuruza “bizahagarikwa” mbere yuko agira igihombo kinini.
Hamwe na hamwe, urashobora kugabanya igihombo ufata ibyago nyabyo. Ariko ni ngombwa kubara mbere kugirango ube witeguye niba ibikorwa byahinduye icyerekezo.
Kurugero, umucuruzi yahisemo kugura imigabane kubiciro bya hypothettike ya 200 hanyuma ashyiraho igihombo kuri -5%. Ibi bivuze ko niba isoko rijya muburyo bunyuranye, umwanya uzafungwa nigihombo cya 10 (igiciro kizamanuka kigere kuri 190, igihombo kizaba 5% cyamafaranga yishoramari, ishoramari rizafungwa na broker) .Ubu ni uburyo bworoshye bwo kugabanya igihombo kandi gikoreshwa cyane nabacuruzi bakunda isesengura rya tekiniki. Bashyiraho amabwiriza yo guhagarika haba kugabanya ingaruka cyangwa kurinda inyungu zimwe zisanzwe mubucuruzi. Guhagarika igihombo gitangwa nkuburyo binyuze mubucuruzi kuri buri bucuruzi kandi burashobora guhinduka igihe icyo aricyo cyose.
Urebye muburyo bwa tekiniki, igihombo cyo guhagarika ni itegeko ntarengwa ryo kugura cyangwa kugurisha, byoherejwe kuri broker icyarimwe nurwego rwinjira mubucuruzi. Igicuruzwa kizakorwa gusa mugihe umutekano umucuruzi agiye kugura cyangwa kugurisha ageze kubiciro runaka. Iyo ikigega kimaze kugera kuri iki giciro, gahunda yo guhagarika ihinduka itegeko ryisoko kandi ryuzuzwa kubiciro bizakurikiraho (ntabwo byanze bikunze igiciro cyo guhagarara). Niki igihombo gihagarara mubucuruzi kandi kuki gikenewe:

• guhindura igishoro gishobora guhura ninyungu ziteganijwe;
• irinde ikosa risanzwe ryo kutava mu gutakaza ubucuruzi (iyo bavuze ngo “bitinde bitebuke bizongera kuzamuka”, kandi hagati aho igihombo kigerwaho);
• gufunga amasezerano yunguka.

Mu myitozo, iyo umucuruzi afunguye umwanya wicyerekezo mubikoresho byimari, ahitamo kugenda birebire cyangwa bigufi, icyarimwe ashyiraho igipimo cyibiciro kuruhande rwicyerekezo arimo gutega, nyuma yumwanya uhita uhita gufungwa na broker. Ibyiza byo guhagarara ugereranije no gufunga intoki ni uko ibintu byose bikorwa mu buryo bwikora. Ntibikenewe ko uba imbere ya mudasobwa cyangwa terefone ifite urubuga rufunguye. Broker akimara kubona amabwiriza, azayakurikiza uko byagenda kose. Igitekerezo nuko bidasobanutse gukomeza gutakaza imyanya muri konti yubucuruzi igihe kitazwi.

Noneho, hagarika igihombo, bivuze iki kungurana ibitekerezo? Mu bucuruzi bw’imari, hagarika igihombo “gukosora” umubare ntarengwa w’igishoro umucuruzi yiteguye guhomba, ukurikije urwego runaka, munsi akaba adashaka ko igabanuka. Iyo ucuruza, usibye intego zihariye no gukurikiza ingamba, birakenewe gukurikiza amategeko yo gucunga amafaranga. Gushiraho igihombo cyo guhagarika ni igice cyaya mategeko. Iri ni itegeko ryikora ryemerera gufunga ubucuruzi udafashe ibyemezo “bifatika”.

Hagarika Gutakaza no Guhagarika Imipaka – Ni irihe tandukaniro?

Guhagarika ibicuruzwa bihinduka isoko gusa mugihe urwego runaka rwibiciro (byavuzwe mbere) uhereye kubiciro byisoko. Irashobora gukoreshwa byombi kugirango winjire mumwanya mushya no gusohoka kumwanya uhari. Hariho itandukaniro:

• Kugurisha guhagarika igihombo birinda imyanya miremire mugutumiza isoko ryo kugurisha niba igiciro kiri munsi yurwego runaka. Guhagarika kugurisha buri gihe biri munsi yigiciro cyisoko. Izi ngamba zishingiye ku kwibwira ko niba igiciro kigabanutse, noneho gishobora gukomeza kugabanuka kurushaho.
• Gura igihombo cyo guhagarika birasa, ariko bikoreshwa mukurinda imyanya migufi. Igiciro cyo guhagarara kiri hejuru yigiciro cyisoko ryubu kandi bizaterwa niba igiciro kizamutse hejuru yurwo rwego.

Guhagarika imipaka ntarengwa bisa no guhagarika igihombo. Ariko, nkuko izina ribigaragaza, hariho imipaka kubiciro bazakorerwa. Ibiciro bibiri birasobanuwe – igiciro cyo guhagarara, gihindura itegeko muburyo bwo kugurisha, nigiciro ntarengwa. Aho kuba isoko yo kugurisha isoko, ihinduka itegeko ntarengwa ryuzuzwa kurwego runaka cyangwa rwiza. Itandukaniro:

• Igicuruzwa ntarengwa cyo kugura kibwira broker kugura gusa niba igiciro kigeze cyangwa munsi yurwego runaka.
• Hamwe nimipaka ntarengwa yo kugurisha, broker asabwa kugurisha kugiciro cyisoko gusa iyo igeze kurwego rwagenwe cyangwa hejuru.

Birumvikana ko nta cyemeza ko kizakorwa, cyane cyane niba igiciro cyimigabane kizamutse cyangwa kigabanuka vuba. Rimwe na rimwe, ibicuruzwa bihagarara bikoreshwa iyo igiciro kigabanutse munsi yumupaka, umushoramari ntashaka kugurisha kandi yiteguye gutegereza kugeza igihe izamukiye ku giciro ntarengwa.
Kurugero, ikigega ntikizagabanuka kubiciro byahagaritswe, ariko bizakomeza kuzamuka, amaherezo bigere kumadorari 50 kumugabane. Umucuruzi ahagarika itegeko ryo guhagarika igihombo ku madolari 41 agashyira igihombo cyo guhagarika $ 47, ntarengwa $ 45. Niba igiciro cyimigabane kigabanutse munsi y $ 47, itegeko rihinduka itegeko ntarengwa. Niba igiciro cyimigabane kigabanutse munsi y $ 45 mbere yuko itegeko ryuzura. Bizakomeza kutuzuzwa kugeza igiciro kigarutse $ 45.Abashoramari benshi bakuraho imipaka yo guhagarika niba igiciro cyimigabane igabanutse munsi yigiciro ntarengwa, kuko babishyira gusa kugirango bagabanye igihombo mugihe igiciro cyagabanutse. Kubera ko babuze amahirwe yo gusohoka, bategereje ko igiciro kizamuka. Gukoresha neza gahunda ntarengwa birashobora kuba uguhitamo inyungu umucuruzi ateganya gukora mbere yo gufunga umwanya. Kurugero, niba umwanya wo kugura ufunguye, urashobora gukoresha urutonde rwo kugurisha kurwego runaka (umubare runaka wamanota uri hejuru yubu), uhita ufunga umwanya mugihe igiciro kizamutse (bityo ukabona aya manota).

Kuki ukeneye igihombo cyo guhagarika imyitozo

Priori, umucuruzi ntazi niba ibyo avuga bizashimangirwa ku isoko, bityo ashyiraho igipimo cy’ibiciro, kimurinda mu gihe isoko ryerekeza mu cyerekezo kinyuranye n’ubucuruzi bwe. Intego nyamukuru yo guhagarika igihombo ni ugufunga umwanya mugihombo giteganijwe ukurikije gahunda yubucuruzi ningamba. Biragaragara ko inyuma yo gufungura umwanya mubyerekezo kimwe cyangwa ikindi (kirekire cyangwa kigufi) hariho isesengura (tekiniki cyangwa shingiro) ryakozwe numucuruzi. Ingamba iyo ari yo yose yashyizwe mu bikorwa ku masoko y’imari, ibarurishamibare cyangwa ntabwo, ifite ibisubizo ku bikorwa byinshi bitandukanye, bishobora kuba byiza kandi bibi. https://articles. irashobora kuba kuruhande rwumuhanda. Rero, guhagarika igihombo nigikoresho cyingirakamaro kubakoresha isoko ryimari bose. Igikorwa cyiza nugutanga uburyo bwumutekano bukoreshwa mugihe icyerekezo cyifuzwa cyubucuruzi cyabaye kibi, kandi umucuruzi yagabanije igihombo kinini.

Aho nuburyo bwo gushira igihombo

Mbere ya byose, biterwa nimpanuka ziterwa na trailer – igiciro kigomba kugabanya no kugabanya igihombo. Guhagarika igihombo bishyirwa kumyanya yibitekerezo, nkigihe ushora imari
mumasezerano yo gutandukana (CFD) nigihe ukoresha imbaraga. Ibi ni ukubera ko imyanya yibitekerezo ikunda gushingira ku guhanura aho igiciro kizajya mugihe gito.

Ibinyuranye, iyo ushora imari mugihe kirekire, iki gikoresho ntigishobora kunguka. Mubyukuri, mubishoramari byigihe kirekire, ntabwo byumvikana kubikoresha.

Impamvu ituma ari ngombwa gukoresha igihombo gihagarara mubucuruzi bwumunsi bifitanye isano nuburyo bwimari, busanzwe kubushoramari bwigihe gito no
kugabanuka . Hamwe nimbaraga, nanone yitwa “margin Investment”, umucuruzi aguza amafaranga mugenzi we kugirango agure ibikoresho byimari. Ibi byongera ihindagurika ryishoramari, kuko uko ushora imari, niko ubona inyungu ninshi uhomba.
Gukoresha imbaraga, cyane cyane niba ari hejuru, ihindagurika rito ryibiciro rishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mari shoramari. Kubwibyo, guhagarika igihombo bigira uruhare runini mugufasha kwirinda ihindagurika rinini cyane, rishobora gutera igihombo cyamafaranga yose yashowe. Nibyo, ni ngombwa kwitoza byinshi kugirango wige uburyo washyira igihombo gihagarara aho gishobora kugabanya igihombo gishoboka utabujije umwanya kubona inyungu. Abacuruzi bazi ko hari igihe ubucuruzi bugaragara ko ari bubi mbere yo gukomeza kuzamuka. Kugirango ubone uburambe, nibyiza gufungura konti ya demo utabangamiye igishoro cyawe. Hamwe nishoramari rirambye, guhagarika-gutakaza biba impfabusa kuko amasoko yimari yazamutse mugihe kirekire bitewe niterambere ryubukungu bwisi. Nubwo ihindagurika ryabaye mugihe gito, bitewe nimpinduka zubukungu (ubukungu bwifashe nabi, izamuka ry’ibiciro bya banki nkuru n’ibindi bitazwi neza), ibi ntabwo bihindura imyumvire ndende. Ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane mugihe ushora mubikoresho byimari bifite intego ziterambere zigihe kirekire, ibyo bita ububiko bwiterambere (ibigo bikura vuba ariko bitarishyura inyungu). Nubwo ari ibigo binini bifite ibicuruzwa bizwi kwisi yose, bakomeza kuba bato mubukungu. Impinduka nto mubidukikije byubukungu (ihinduka ryinyungu rusange) irashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kubiciro byabo. Kandi mugihe ushizeho igihombo cyo guhagarara, harikibazo gishobora kumanurwa mbere yuko isosiyete ibona umwanya wo gutangaza ibyerekezo byigihe kirekire. kubera impinduka mubihe byubukungu (ihungabana, ibiciro biri hejuru ya banki nkuru nibindi bidashidikanywaho), ibi ntabwo bihindura imyumvire ndende. Ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane mugihe ushora mubikoresho byimari bifite intego ziterambere zigihe kirekire, ibyo bita ububiko bwiterambere (ibigo bikura vuba ariko bitarishyura inyungu). Nubwo ari ibigo binini bifite ibicuruzwa bizwi kwisi yose, bakomeza kuba bato mubukungu. Impinduka nto mubidukikije byubukungu (ihinduka ryinyungu rusange) irashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kubiciro byabo. Kandi mugihe ushizeho igihombo cyo guhagarara, harikibazo gishobora kumanurwa mbere yuko isosiyete ibona umwanya wo gutangaza ibyerekezo byigihe kirekire. kubera impinduka mubihe byubukungu (ihungabana, ibiciro biri hejuru ya banki nkuru nibindi bidashidikanywaho), ibi ntabwo bihindura imyumvire ndende. Ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane mugihe ushora mubikoresho byimari bifite intego ziterambere zigihe kirekire, ibyo bita ububiko bwiterambere (ibigo bikura vuba ariko bitarishyura inyungu). Nubwo ari ibigo binini bifite ibicuruzwa bizwi kwisi yose, bakomeza kuba bato mubukungu. Impinduka nto mubidukikije byubukungu (ihinduka ryinyungu rusange) irashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kubiciro byabo. Kandi mugihe ushizeho igihombo cyo guhagarara, harikibazo gishobora kumanurwa mbere yuko isosiyete ibona umwanya wo gutangaza ibyerekezo byigihe kirekire. kuzamuka kwa banki nkuru hamwe nibindi bitazwi) ntabwo bihindura imyumvire ndende. Ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane mugihe ushora mubikoresho byimari bifite intego ziterambere zigihe kirekire, ibyo bita ububiko bwiterambere (ibigo bikura vuba ariko bitarishyura inyungu). Nubwo ari ibigo binini bifite ibicuruzwa bizwi kwisi yose, bakomeza kuba bato mubukungu. Impinduka nto mubidukikije byubukungu (ihinduka ryinyungu rusange) irashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kubiciro byabo. Kandi mugihe ushizeho igihombo cyo guhagarara, harikibazo gishobora kumanurwa mbere yuko isosiyete ibona umwanya wo gutangaza ibyerekezo byigihe kirekire. kuzamuka kwa banki nkuru hamwe nibindi bitazwi) ntabwo bihindura imyumvire ndende. Ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane mugihe ushora mubikoresho byimari bifite intego ziterambere zigihe kirekire, ibyo bita ububiko bwiterambere (ibigo bikura vuba ariko bitarishyura inyungu). Nubwo ari ibigo binini bifite ibicuruzwa bizwi kwisi yose, bakomeza kuba bato mubukungu. Impinduka nto mubidukikije byubukungu (ihinduka ryinyungu rusange) irashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kubiciro byabo. Kandi mugihe ushizeho igihombo cyo guhagarara, harikibazo gishobora kumanurwa mbere yuko isosiyete ibona umwanya wo gutangaza ibyerekezo byigihe kirekire. ibyo bita ububiko bwiterambere (ibigo bikura vuba ariko bitarishyura inyungu). Nubwo ari ibigo binini bifite ibicuruzwa bizwi kwisi yose, bakomeza kuba bato mubukungu. Impinduka nto mubidukikije byubukungu (ihinduka ryinyungu rusange) irashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kubiciro byabo. Kandi mugihe ushizeho igihombo cyo guhagarara, harikibazo gishobora kumanurwa mbere yuko isosiyete ibona umwanya wo gutangaza ibyerekezo byigihe kirekire. ibyo bita ububiko bwiterambere (ibigo bikura vuba ariko bitarishyura inyungu). Nubwo ari ibigo binini bifite ibicuruzwa bizwi kwisi yose, bakomeza kuba bato mubukungu. Impinduka nto mubidukikije byubukungu (ihinduka ryinyungu rusange) irashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kubiciro byabo. Kandi mugihe ushizeho igihombo cyo guhagarara, harikibazo gishobora kumanurwa mbere yuko isosiyete ibona umwanya wo gutangaza ibyerekezo byigihe kirekire.

Nigute ushobora guhitamo neza guhagarika igihombo nuburyo bwo gushiraho

Hariho amategeko shingiro yerekana gushiraho igihombo neza kandi byunguka.

1. Hitamo igiciro nyacyo cyo kwinjira . Ntuzigere ufungura ubucuruzi ku giciro kidasanzwe, ariko wige igiciro cyinjira hanyuma winjire ku isoko gusa. Rero, igihombo cyo guhagarara gishobora gushyirwaho intera ngufi kuva aho winjirira, aho ibiciro bishobora kuza mugihe isesengura ryisoko ryaribeshye. Rero, itegeko rigufasha gusohoka ufite ibyangiritse bike, ongera usesengure isoko, uko ibintu bimeze, kandi birashoboka, kugaruka kubiciro byiza.
2. Sobanura igihombo . Ugomba guhitamo hakiri kare umubare w’amafaranga ashobora guhura n’ingaruka (mumiyoboro cyangwa amafaranga). Ni ngombwa ko igihombo gihagarara kiri munsi yinyungu ziteganijwe mu bucuruzi, mu yandi magambo, igiciro cyo gusohoka mu gihombo kigomba kuba hafi y’igiciro cyinjira ku isoko kuruta igiciro cyo gusohoka.
3. Kora gahunda yubucuruzi mbere yimikorere . Gisesengura no guhitamo mbere yo kwinjira no gusohoka ibiciro, haba kubihombo ndetse ninyungu. Buri gikorwa kigomba gukoresha igihe runaka cyo kwiga, gusesengura uko isoko rihagaze.

Ikintu gikomeye ku mucuruzi ni ukwemera gutsindwa. Niba igishoro kitagenze nkuko byari byitezwe kandi kigahomba igihombo, ugomba kubyakira byoroshye. Ikosa rikomeye nigihe umucuruzi yimuye igihombo cyo guhagarara kugirango bitagira ingaruka kubiciro niba hari ibitagenda neza.

Ibintu ugomba gusuzuma mugihe cyo kumenya aho washyira igihombo

Guhagarika igihombo umwanya ugomba gukurikiza logique. Guhagarika igihombo bigomba kuba ingingo igitekerezo cyubucuruzi cyambere (icyateye ubucuruzi) kitagifite agaciro. Gushiraho igihombo cyo guhagarara kiri hasi cyane bibangamira umucuruzi gutakaza amahirwe yo kubona ibisubizo byiza, kubera ko ubucuruzi bwinshi buzafungwa mbere yuko babona inyungu. Biragaragara, gushiraho igihombo cyo hejuru cyane nabyo bigira ingaruka mbi, kuko igihombo giteganijwe gishobora kuba kinini.

Gushiraho igihombo cyo guhagarara kuri Binance, Tinkoff

Binance ifite gahunda yo gutumiza yitwa OCO (Umwe Uhagarike Undi) igufasha gushiraho inyungu no guhagarika ingamba zigihombo icyarimwe. Mubyukuri, umwe gusa muribo azicwa. Mugihe porogaramu imwe ikozwe igice cyangwa irangiye rwose, iyisigaye irahagarikwa.
OCO irashobora kuboneka mugice cya “transaction” cyurupapuro rutanga imirima 4 yo kuzuza, harimo:

• Igiciro aho gufata inyungu byerekanwa
• Hagarika, byerekana urwego rwo guhagarika ibikorwa
• Imipaka – igiciro nyacyo cyo gutakaza igihombo

Kuki guhagarara no kugarukira? Kuberako igiciro kitagaragara mubitabo kugeza igihe ihagaritswe, icyo gihe igiciro cyinjira muburyo ntarengwa aho bizakorerwa. Kubwiyi mpamvu Imipaka iri munsi yo Guhagarara. Biragaragara, manuver ibice byahinduwe nabyo birakora mubucuruzi bugufi (margin). Muri iki kibazo, indangagaciro zizahindurwa, kubera ko inyungu izaba ifite igiciro cyo hasi, naho guhagarara ikagira hejuru. Ubundi buryo butekereza ko umucuruzi yamaze kwinjira ku isoko binyuze mu kugura mbere. Ariko, birashoboka kandi kwifashisha OCO muriki cyiciro. Tuvuge ko uko isoko ryifashe. Rero, birashoboka gushiraho igiciro cyubuguzi kurwego rwo hasi, wenda kugirango uhagarike kugaruka. Ariko, niba ibi bitabaye, birashoboka ko igiciro “giturika” hejuru. Muri ibi bihe, biragaragara ko nukwinjira hejuru, uzinjiza make, ariko byibuze uzaba uri kuzamuka byuzuye. Ibyo ari byo byose, urashobora gufata inyungu uhereye kumurongo wibyabaye.
Mu
ishoramari rya Tinkoff , birashoboka gushyiraho ibyemezo bibiri byo guhagarika – gufata inyungu no guhagarika igihombo. Ibisabwa:

• Jya kuri tab ishoramari → Catalog → hitamo imikorere wifuza. Muguhagarika igihombo / fata inyungu, kanda + Ongera. Noneho (mumadirishya yo hejuru iburyo) fungura ibyifuzo bisabwa.
• Kugaragaza igiciro cyangwa guhagarika gahunda.
• Kugaragaza umubare wa tombora (kugura cyangwa kugurisha).
• Kanda kuri Expose.

Igikorwa cyo guhagarika igihombo
mubisabwa abashoramari ba Sberbank byitwa guhagarika imipaka. Reka tuvuge ko tuvuga kugurisha. Duhitamo umutungo wifuza, kanda kuri buto yo kugurisha, urupapuro rugaragaramo twerekana imikorere yifuza. Kugura ni kimwe. Nigute washyira igihombo:

• Kanda kumashusho yintoki yazamuye hamwe ninyuguti ya S.
• Idirishya rizakingura aho ushobora gushiraho ibipimo byo guhagarika igihombo.
• Kugaragaza uburyo bwo gutangiza gahunda (kugurisha, kugura).
• Hitamo igihombo cyo guhagarika igiciro (munsi yigiciro cyinjira kumwanya muremure, munsi yumwanya winjira kumwanya muto).
• Shiraho igiciro cyateganijwe (uburyo bwizewe ni “ku giciro cyisoko”).

Nubuhe buryo bwo gushiraho ahagarara

Turashobora kuvuga rwose ko mugihe umucuruzi yiyemeje gufungura igihombo cyo guhagarara, aba yiteguye guhura n amafaranga runaka muriki gikorwa. Nibyo, kugabanya igihombo nubuhanga abacuruzi biga mugihe niba intego ari ukugera kubitsinzi byinshi. Umucuruzi wese uhisemo kwinjira ku isoko azi neza igihe cyo kwinjira no gusohoka mu bucuruzi, na mbere yo gufungura umwanya mu bucuruzi. Hariho ibipimo bitandukanye byo gushyira igihombo cyo guhagarara, nubwo ntanumwe-uhuza-byose cyangwa inzira nziza. Ni ngombwa kumva ingaruka urimo uhitamo uyu mwanya. Abacuruzi ba tekinike bashakisha uburyo bwo kugena isoko, no guhagarika igihombo no guhagarika imipaka bikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bitewe nubwoko bwigihe cyakoreshejwe. Rimwe na rimwe, imyanya rusange ikoreshwa, nka 6% ikurikirana ihagarara kumpapuro zose, mubandi, ni stock cyangwa igishushanyo cyihariye, harimo impuzandengo yijanisha rihagarara ryukuri. Hagarika ubwoko bwigihombo bushingiye kuri:

• ku ijanisha;
• mu buryo bw’amafaranga;
• n’ibishusho bya buji n’amashusho ashushanyije;
• n’inzego za tekiniki (inkunga ihamye kandi ifite imbaraga no kurwanya);
• no guhindagurika (ukoresheje icyerekezo cya ATR).

https://articles. guhura na buri bucuruzi. Bisobanura gusohoka mumwanya nyuma yumutungo shingiro wahindutse ukurikije icyerekezo nijanisha ryateganijwe. Abamotari b’inararibonye batanga inama yo kudashora imari irenga 2% y’ishoramari kuri buri bucuruzi. Guhagarika Amafaranga – Ubwoko butumiza bushingiye ku gihombo cyamafaranga yatanzwe mubucuruzi runaka. Kurugero, umucuruzi arashobora guhitamo gufunga umwanya nyuma yo gutakaza igihombo cyateganijwe mbere. Bishingiye ku buji bwa buji n’ibishushanyo mbonera – Urwo rwego rwo gutesha agaciro rushingiye ku kibanza cyihariye cya buji, cyangwa guhinduka cyangwa gukomeza inzira. https: // ingingo.
urwego rwo gushyigikira no guhangana kugirango umenye urwego rukwiye ruzatesha agaciro ubucuruzi buriho. Ibi birashobora kuba bitambitse cyangwa imbaraga zingamba zo gutereta, urwego ruhamye cyangwa imbaraga zo guhangana ningamba zo kwihanganira.

Igihombo cyo guhagarika gishingiye ku
guhindagurika gishobora gufatwa nk “umutekano” cyane. Gushyira itegeko rishingiye ku guhindagurika bituma ibiciro “bihumeka”, ukirinda guhagarara imburagihe kubera ibiciro byigihe gito.

Nigute ushobora kubara no gushiraho igihombo, gufata inyungu, guhagarika inzira no gufunga igice: https://youtu.be/s8K2NIXhaaM

Nigute udashyiraho igihombo

Ikibazo nyamukuru cyo guhagarika igihombo nuko bakora muburyo butari bwo. Iyo imigabane igabanutse, ihinduka ishoramari ryiza. Garuka kuburinganire bifitanye isano itaziguye nuburyo igiciro gihenze. Ibindi bingana, ibiciro bihendutse, niko bishoboka kugaruka. Gushiraho igihombo cyo guhagarara bisobanura gufata icyemezo cyo kutagurisha imigabane ubungubu, ariko kuyigurisha mugihe inyungu ziteganijwe ziri hejuru kurubu. Ntabwo byumvikana. Ahubwo, imipaka ntarengwa irashobora gukoreshwa. Mugushiraho igihombo cyo guhagarara kure cyane, umucuruzi ashobora gutakaza amafaranga menshi mugihe igikoresho cyimari kijya muburyo butari bwo. Ubundi, mugushiraho igihombo cyo guhagarara hafi yikiguzi cyo kugura, umucuruzi atakaza amafaranga kuko bakuwe mubucuruzi hakiri kare. Igihombo gihamye cyangwa gikomeye gihagarikwa gishyirwaho nta gihindutse mugihe cyubucuruzi. Bishyirwaho mugukingura ubucuruzi bikabikwa aho (cyangwa rimwe na rimwe bikazamuka kugirango biveho nubwo isoko rijya kurwanya umucuruzi). Igitekerezo cyibanze nuko igihombo cyo guhagarara kititabira isoko, biremewe gukora kugeza ubucuruzi bufunze. Ariko urebye ko umutungo wose wimari ugenda utandukana mugihe, iki nigitekerezo kibi.

Nubuhe buryo bwiza bwo gushiraho igihombo

Hariho uburyo bwiza bwo gushira igihombo? Oya, nkuko biterwa nisesengura rijya ku isoko. Abahanga bakunda kwizera ko igihombo cyiza cyo guhagarika kigomba kuba hafi ya 3: 1. Kurugero, umucuruzi arashaka gukora imiyoboro 300 hanyuma agashyiraho igihombo cyo guhagarara kumpande 100 uhereye kubiciro byatoranijwe. Ariko, nta tekinike isobanutse kandi yuzuye. Guhagarika igihombo bigomba gufatwa nk “ingingo yo gutesha agaciro” igitekerezo cyubucuruzi umucuruzi yatangiriyeho umwanya. Kubwibyo, iyo igiciro kigeze aharindimuka, bivuze ko ari byiza kuva mumwanya kugirango udatera igihombo kinini. Igihombo cyo guhagarara kigomba kuramba, cyangwa igihombo ntigomba kugira ingaruka zikomeye kubushoramari buboneka mubucuruzi. Nibisanzwe, kubikorwa bimwe, bifatwa nkibyemewe niba ari 1-2% byimari ihari. Bamwe basaba ijanisha ryinshi, 5-7%. Ariko biterwa nuburyo umucuruzi yiteguye gufata ibyago. Ibyo ari byo byose, ni ngombwa gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba z’ubucuruzi zikora neza. Igihombo cyo guhagarara kigomba kandi kuba “umunyabwenge”, ni ukuvuga, ahantu hateganijwe ku mbonerahamwe yagaragaye. Ihame, igomba kuba munsi (kuburebure) cyangwa hejuru (kubugufi) ingenzi zingenzi zo kwisoko. Ibi bisiga ibiciro hamwe “icyumba cyo guhumeka”. Muyandi magambo, ugomba gusiga umwanya muto hagati yabanjirije hejuru cyangwa hasi no guhagarika igihombo. Intera iva ku ngingo zikomeye zigomba gushyirwaho hitawe ku guhindagurika kw’igikoresho umucuruzi akorana. Gushyira ahagarara ahantu hatandukanye ku mbonerahamwe hagamijwe gusa kugabanya ingaruka byongera amahirwe yo guterwa, bikavamo gusohoka kumwanya hanyuma ibiciro bikagera ku ntego, byashyizweho n’umucuruzi. Izi ni ingaruka zibyo bita urusaku rwisoko. Ikindi gitekerezo umucuruzi agomba kuzirikana mugihe afata icyemezo cyo guhagarika igihombo nukwemera atuje. Bitabaye ibyo, hari ibyago ko umucuruzi, yatsinze amaganya, azafunga umwanya we mbere. Nukuvuga, na mbere yuko ibyagezweho byukuri byashyizweho bihagarara.

Nigute uhagarika igihombo

Imikorere yibitekerezo yiki gikoresho, ifitanye isano cyane nakamaro kayo, biroroshye kubyumva, cyane cyane iyo bishyizwe mubikorwa. Mubyukuri, umurimo wo gutakaza guhagarara uri mubice bikurikira:

1. Urutonde rwibanze nicyo amasezerano yo guhagarika-igihombo akorerwa. Ibi birashobora gutekerezwa nko kugura imigabane ya Gazprom, zahabu nyinshi, cyangwa ubundi ETF. Ibi nibikoresho bishobora kongera cyangwa kugabanya agaciro nyuma yo kugura.
2. Inzira irashobora kuba hejuru no hepfo . Guhagarika igihombo bishyirwaho aho igihombo giteganijwe. Niba ubikosoye nkumugabane winyungu, byaba ari inyungu.
3. Igihombo cyo guhagarika gikururwa mu buryo bwikora niba kandi gusa iyo itegeko ryujujwe .
4. Guhagarika gahunda mubisanzwe bishyirwa kurwego rwo guhangana , cyangwa, munsi, gato, kugirango wirinde igihombo cyinshi mugihe hatabayeho kugaruka.

Nigute guhagarika igihombo bikora kuri Binance: https://youtu.be/BJIZI-8KtBM

Hagarika Igihombo hamwe ningaruka zo Kugororerwa

Iyo abantu bavuga ibijyanye no guhagarika igihombo, baba bashaka no kuvuga igipimo cyibyago nibihembo. Iki ni igihombo cyo guhagarika hitabwa ku mpinduka ziterwa no guhemba igipimo kandi kigahuza umubare w’inyungu ziteganijwe hamwe n’igihombo giteganijwe. Kubwibyo, uko igipimo cyo guhemba ibyago kiri hejuru, niko byifuzwa ubu bwoko bwubucuruzi. Kurugero, umucuruzi yahisemo kugura imigabane kubiciro byamadorari 5, kandi iteganyagihe rivuga ko inyungu kuri bo izaba 10 $. Ibi bivuze ko igiciro cyimigabane gishobora kuzamuka kigera ku $ 15. Muri uru rubanza, igihombo cyo guhagarika kizashyirwa ku $ 2.50, ni ukuvuga 50% y’ishoramari ryashowe kugirango ugere ku nyungu ya $ 10. Ibi bivuze ko ibyago byo guhemba igipimo bizaba 10: 2.5 cyangwa 4: 1. (kubara – inyungu, gutandukanya – ibyago).

Shiraho kandi wibagirwe ingamba

Niba igihombo gihagarikwa gikoreshwa gusa mumutekano cyangwa nkigice cyingenzi cyingamba, hari impaka hagati yabacuruzi niba guhagarara (gukomeye), gukurikira (gukurikira) guhagarara, cyangwa guhuza byombi nibyiza. Ukuri ni, kimwe nibintu byinshi, byose biterwa nibihe, buri bwoko bwurutonde bufite ibyiza nibibi. Bimwe mubyiza nibibi byihariye muburyo bwubucuruzi runaka, ibindi nibisanzwe. Igihombo gikomeye cyo guhagarika gifite inyungu zo “gushiraho no kubyibagirwa”. Umucuruzi ntagenzura isoko mugihe cyose ubucuruzi bwakinguye. Mbere ya byose, niba umukoresha yibanze mugushiraho igihombo murwego rwo guhangana, ibyo, nkuko bisanzwe, biguma bihagaze neza kubera kwegeranya ibicuruzwa mugihe runaka. Guhagarika inzira bigira ingaruka kumasoko, nibyo, nkuko isoko ihinduka, niko guhagarara. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko iyi atari uguhagarika igihombo gusa nyuma yubucuruzi bwinjiye, bivuze ko ikora ikurikije bimwe byasobanuwe mbere ningamba zubucuruzi.

Hagarika Igihombo Kubara mugihe gito

Ihame ryo guhagarika igihombo gishingiye ku gihe cyagenwe gihuye n’ibimenyetso byubucuruzi ukoresheje ibihe bihindagurika. Ubu ni uburyo bugoye. Niba gusa kuberako hitabwa kubipimo byisesengura tekinike ikabishyira hagati yuburyo bwo kumenya igihombo gihagarara. Kurwego rwa theoretical, ntakintu cyumvikana cyangwa kidasobanutse: igihombo cyo guhagarara gishyirwa ako kanya nyuma yikiciro cyashushanijwe nihindagurika. Muri make, guhagarara bisobanura “hanze” yo guhindagurika. Biragaragara ko imbere gato, imiyoboro mike. Ihame shingiro rirenze ibitekerezo byumvikana. Niba igiciro kigumye mu ihindagurika rya “physiologique” mugihe runaka, noneho igiciro gishobora guhindura inzira mugihe gito, bigatuma ubucuruzi burigihe busubirana. Kubera ko igihombo gihagarara kigufasha gusohoka mwisoko mugihe ibintu bitakiri byiza, biragaragara ko urwego rwibiciro rugomba gushyirwaho birenze guhindagurika. Ariko, ikibazo kiracyariho – nigute ushobora kumenya ihindagurika? Ugomba gukoresha isesengura rya tekiniki. Noneho, amaherezo, ubu buryo bukoresha ibipimo. Nta nenge afite. Iratabara mugihe ubucuruzi rwose budasubirwaho, nkuko bishyigikiwe nisesengura rya tekiniki, ariko biragoye kubikora. Ubwa mbere, ntugomba gusa kuba ushobora gusoma, ahubwo ugomba no gushiraho ibipimo neza. Icya kabiri, birakenewe gushobora gutandukanya ibimenyetso bitari byo, kugirango twirinde gusobanura ibinyoma. iyo ubucuruzi rwose budasubirwaho, ibi byemezwa nisesengura rya tekiniki, ariko biragoye kubikora. Ubwa mbere, ntugomba gusa kuba ushobora gusoma, ahubwo ugomba no gushiraho ibipimo neza. Icya kabiri, birakenewe gushobora gutandukanya ibimenyetso bitari byo, kugirango twirinde gusobanura ibinyoma. iyo ubucuruzi rwose budasubirwaho, ibi byemezwa nisesengura rya tekiniki, ariko biragoye kubikora. Ubwa mbere, ntugomba gusa kuba ushobora gusoma, ahubwo ugomba no gushiraho ibipimo neza. Icya kabiri, birakenewe gushobora gutandukanya ibimenyetso bitari byo, kugirango twirinde gusobanura ibinyoma.

Gutwara igihombo cyo guhagarika kumena

Breakeven niyo ngingo umucuruzi atagira igihombo, ariko kandi ntabona inyungu. Kwimura igihombo cyawe kugirango ucike birashobora kuba icyemezo cyiza cyangwa icyemezo kibi, byose biterwa nibihe. Benshi mu bacuruza ku masoko yimari bavuga ko babikora kugirango barinde igishoro cyabo. Birashoboka kwimura igihombo cyo guhagarara imiyoboro 10 hejuru, cyangwa imiyoboro 10 munsi yigiciro cyinjira, ariko abacuruzi baracyahitamo kuyimura kubiciro nyabyo byinjira. Mubyukuri, intego iterwa cyane nubwoba bwo gutsindwa kuruta gushaka gutsinda. Iyi psychologiya yo kudashaka guhura nigihombo kubwinyungu irasenya (mubisanzwe bivamo kwirukanwa hakiri kare mubucuruzi bushobora kubyara inyungu), mubihe nkibi ntabwo byoroshye kuba umucuruzi watsinze. Impamvu yose yo guhagarika igihombo ni ugukura umucuruzi mubucuruzi, niba isoko ihagaritse gushiraho. Ibi mubisanzwe bikubiyemo kumena urufunguzo rwo hejuru cyangwa ruto, icyo uwukoresha asobanura nkibyingenzi (kubucuruzi bwubucuruzi). Guhagarika igihombo gishyizwe kubiciro byinjira ntanimwe muribi. Nibyo, ibi birinda igishoro, ariko gukubita ikiruhuko ndetse no guhagarara ntibitesha agaciro imiterere kuko isoko itazi aho umucuruzi yinjiye. Igiciro cyibikorwa byubucuruzi bikora kuko abitabiriye isoko baturutse impande zose zisi babona imiterere imwe mugihe nyacyo. Ibendera ryibimasa mubisanzwe bimeneka hejuru kuko abadandaza bahagije babona icyitegererezo kimwe kandi bazi ko ibi bivuze ko ibiciro biri hejuru bishoboka mugihe imyigaragambyo yacitse. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_13946” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “303”] Ibi mubisanzwe bikubiyemo kumena urufunguzo rwo hejuru cyangwa ruto, icyo uwukoresha asobanura nkibyingenzi (kubucuruzi bwubucuruzi). Guhagarika igihombo gishyizwe kubiciro byinjira ntanimwe muribi. Nibyo, ibi birinda igishoro, ariko gukubita ikiruhuko ndetse no guhagarara ntibitesha agaciro imiterere kuko isoko itazi aho umucuruzi yinjiye. Igiciro cyibikorwa byubucuruzi bikora kuko abitabiriye isoko baturutse impande zose zisi babona imiterere imwe mugihe nyacyo. Ibendera ryibimasa mubisanzwe bimeneka hejuru kuko abadandaza bahagije babona icyitegererezo kimwe kandi bazi ko ibi bivuze ko ibiciro biri hejuru bishoboka mugihe imyigaragambyo yacitse. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_13946” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “303”] Ibi mubisanzwe bikubiyemo kumena urufunguzo rwo hejuru cyangwa ruto, icyo uwukoresha asobanura nkibyingenzi (kubucuruzi bwubucuruzi). Guhagarika igihombo gishyizwe kubiciro byinjira ntanimwe muribi. Nibyo, ibi birinda igishoro, ariko gukubita ikiruhuko ndetse no guhagarara ntibitesha agaciro imiterere kuko isoko itazi aho umucuruzi yinjiye. Igiciro cyibikorwa byubucuruzi bikora kuko abitabiriye isoko baturutse impande zose zisi babona imiterere imwe mugihe nyacyo. Ibendera ryibimasa mubisanzwe bimeneka hejuru kuko abadandaza bahagije babona icyitegererezo kimwe kandi bazi ko ibi bivuze ko ibiciro biri hejuru bishoboka mugihe imyigaragambyo yacitse. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_13946” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “303”] icyo umukoresha asobanura nkibyingenzi (kubucuruzi bwubucuruzi). Guhagarika igihombo gishyizwe kubiciro byinjira ntanimwe muribi. Nibyo, ibi birinda igishoro, ariko gukubita ikiruhuko ndetse no guhagarara ntibitesha agaciro imiterere kuko isoko itazi aho umucuruzi yinjiye. Igiciro cyibikorwa byubucuruzi bikora kuko abitabiriye isoko baturutse impande zose zisi babona imiterere imwe mugihe nyacyo. Ibendera ryibimasa mubisanzwe bimeneka hejuru kuko abadandaza bahagije babona icyitegererezo kimwe kandi bazi ko ibi bivuze ko ibiciro biri hejuru bishoboka mugihe imyigaragambyo yacitse. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_13946” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “303”] icyo umukoresha asobanura nkibyingenzi (kubucuruzi bwubucuruzi). Guhagarika igihombo gishyizwe kubiciro byinjira ntanimwe muribi. Nibyo, ibi birinda igishoro, ariko gukubita ikiruhuko ndetse no guhagarara ntibitesha agaciro imiterere kuko isoko itazi aho umucuruzi yinjiye. Igiciro cyibikorwa byubucuruzi bikora kuko abitabiriye isoko baturutse impande zose zisi babona imiterere imwe mugihe nyacyo. Ibendera ryibimasa mubisanzwe bimeneka hejuru kuko abadandaza bahagije babona icyitegererezo kimwe kandi bazi ko ibi bivuze ko ibiciro biri hejuru bishoboka mugihe imyigaragambyo yacitse. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_13946” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “303”] Nibyo, ibi birinda igishoro, ariko gukubita ikiruhuko ndetse no guhagarara ntibitesha agaciro imiterere kuko isoko itazi aho umucuruzi yinjiye. Igiciro cyibikorwa byubucuruzi bikora kuko abitabiriye isoko baturutse impande zose zisi babona imiterere imwe mugihe nyacyo. Ibendera ryibimasa mubisanzwe bimeneka hejuru kuko abadandaza bahagije babona icyitegererezo kimwe kandi bazi ko ibi bivuze ko ibiciro biri hejuru bishoboka mugihe imyigaragambyo yacitse. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_13946” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “303”] Nibyo, ibi birinda igishoro, ariko gukubita ikiruhuko ndetse no guhagarara ntibitesha agaciro imiterere kuko isoko itazi aho umucuruzi yinjiye. Igiciro cyibikorwa byubucuruzi bikora kuko abitabiriye isoko baturutse impande zose zisi babona imiterere imwe mugihe nyacyo. Ibendera ryibimasa mubisanzwe bimeneka hejuru kuko abadandaza bahagije babona icyitegererezo kimwe kandi bazi ko ibi bivuze ko ibiciro biri hejuru bishoboka mugihe imyigaragambyo yacitse. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_13946” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “303”] kuberako abitabiriye isoko baturutse impande zose zisi babona imiterere imwe mugihe nyacyo. Ibendera ryibimasa mubisanzwe bimeneka hejuru kuko abadandaza bahagije babona icyitegererezo kimwe kandi bazi ko ibi bivuze ko ibiciro biri hejuru bishoboka mugihe imyigaragambyo yacitse. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_13946” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “303”] kuberako abitabiriye isoko baturutse impande zose zisi babona imiterere imwe mugihe nyacyo. Ibendera ryibimasa mubisanzwe bimeneka hejuru kuko abadandaza bahagije babona icyitegererezo kimwe kandi bazi ko ibi bivuze ko ibiciro biri hejuru bishoboka mugihe imyigaragambyo yacitse. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_13946” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “303”]
Bull flag [/ caption] Niwowe muntu wenyine kwisi uzi aho wafunguye ubucuruzi. Umucuruzi yimura igihombo cye kuri breakeven niwe wenyine uzi aho yinjiye mubucuruzi, ahindura ibipimo bye ashingiye kurwego rwihariye, kandi ntabwo ari urwego rufite akamaro hose. Aho kwimura ihagarikwa kurwego rutabishaka, umuntu agomba intego yo kwimura ihagarikwa kurwego rwibikorwa isoko ibona ko ari ngombwa. Imibare ifatika ni uko iyo urebye ibyinjira mubucuruzi cyangwa ibyanditswe byakozwe ningamba, uzabona ko mubihe byinshi igiciro gisubira murwego rwinjira na nyuma yigihe gito ugereranije. Nubwo haba hari iterambere rya tekiniki ryerekana ko igiciro kitazagaruka nyuma yo guca hejuru cyane, cyangwa swing yo hepfo, irashobora kugaruka no gukubita igihombo gishya cyo guhagarika igihombo. Gutegereza igihe runaka, bigomba guha ubucuruzi umwanya uhagije wo kuruhuka, ni inzira ishobora gukora. Igihe kirangiye, niba ubucuruzi bwerekana igihombo, ugomba gusohoka, ariko niba ari inyungu, wimure igihombo cyo guhagarara kugirango ucike nubwo. Iyo abacuruzi bahora bakoresha ubu buryo, barashobora kuzigama gusohoka hakiri kare mubucuruzi bubi ibyo babuze kubisohoka hakiri kare mubucuruzi bwiza. Ukoresheje ihame rya “ntukemere ko uwatsinze ahinduka uwatsinzwe”, urashobora guhindura guhagarara kugirango ucike nubwo bimaze gukora bihagije kugirango urenze orbit yurwego rwinjira. Nibyiza gutegereza kugeza igihe ubucuruzi bwungutse byibuze inshuro eshatu igihombo gihagarara,

Gukuraho ahagarara – uburyo ushobora kuyikoresha kubwinyungu zawe

Ijambo “kwiruka rihagarara” rikoreshwa nabacuruzi bahagarara bakubise hasi yimuka, hanyuma ububiko bwahise butangira kuzamuka batabufite. Bizera ko abakora isoko “babakuye aho.” Mugihe ihagarikwa ryamanitswe kumasoko, abakora isoko barashobora kubabona kuri buri wese kandi bakeka ko bakoresha igiciro cyimigabane mugihe runaka kugirango bahagarike umubare munini wo guhagarara no kubona imigabane.
Mubyukuri, gushinja abandi ni urwitwazo abacuruzi bihindura ubwabo aho bahagaze, nyuma igiciro kikaba cyerekeje aho bahagaze. Iyi nyigisho y’ubugambanyi irwanya logique. Isoko ni cyamunara. Mugihe hatabayeho umuvuduko, uwukora isoko arema isoko, agena isoko kandi agatanga igiciro.Umuntu wese uza afite gahunda hamwe nigiciro cyibiciro (up bid cyangwa down ask) ahinduka isoko kuruhande. Niba umutungo wimari utemba, hashobora kubaho amagana cyangwa ibihumbi byateganijwe mugitabo cyateganijwe hafi yikiguzi kiriho – kandi buri cyegeranyo ni imigabane 100 cyangwa 1000. Umucuruzi ashyira gahunda yo guhagarika $ 2 munsi yigiciro kiriho hanyuma akeka ko hari imigabane 50.000 mugitabo cyateganijwe hagati yabo. Ntabwo bitangaje kwizera ko uwakoze isoko agiye kugurisha imigabane 50.000 kugirango agabanye ibiciro $ 2, akureho ihagarikwa hanyuma ahindure isoko. Kandi byose kubwumucuruzi runaka. Guhagarara bigufi akenshi gukora. Mugari ntabikora, kandi rimwe na rimwe ububiko buramanuka gusa aho guhagarara byashyizwe. Ibyo ari byo byose, inshingano z’igihombo zishingiye ku mucuruzi. Ni ngombwa kubyumva no kubyemera,

Guhagarika imitekerereze: ibyiza nibibi

Umucuruzi udafite uburambe atangiza ubucuruzi cyangwa gushora imari avumbura ibintu byinshi bigomba kwigwa no gusobanuka mbere yo gukoreshwa nkingamba kugirango bigende neza. Hagarika igihombo nimwe mubikoresho byingirakamaro muri gahunda nyinshi zubucuruzi. Ariko barayikoresha muburyo butandukanye, bagerageza kugera kuntego imwe – inyungu. Birakomeye nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane mugihe cyo kugabanya igihombo. Ubu ni uburyo bworoshye bwo gushiraho hamwe nuburyo butanga icyizere kubakoresha benshi, bakemeza ko niba igiciro kijya kugabanuka gutunguranye cyangwa kwagutse, umwanya uhita uhagarara kandi ugafatwa kurwego runaka kugeza munsi yigitonyanga. Ikibi ni uko akenshi igiciro gisubira inyuma kubucuruzi nyuma yo gukubita ahagarara. Ubwanyuma, igihombo kiba impfabusa. Ariko ni ngombwa kubivuga ko uburyo budashobora kwitwa icyiza cyangwa ikibi. Ikibazo nicyo cyorohereza umucuruzi. Abacuruzi b’ibigo bakoresha igihombo cyo guhagarika imitekerereze, uburyo uburyo igihombo cyo guhagarara kigenwa mubitekerezo kandi bigakorwa nintoki mugihe urwego rwibiciro rumaze gushyirwaho aho nyirubwite yiyemeje kugurisha ibikoresho byimari, ashingiye ku nyungu zigihe gito cyangwa kirekire. . Ariko, bisaba ubuhanga bwinzobere no kwihanganira cyane ibyago, hiyongereyeho ubushake bwuzuye kubisubizo byumwimerere. Abakinnyi b’ibigo bafite ingamba z’ubucuruzi, cyane cyane igihe kirekire, batojwe neza kandi bafite uburambe. Ntibakoresha uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose kandi barashobora kwihanganira guhindagurika kwinshi kuruta umucuruzi usanzwe. Ibyiza byubu bwoko nuko umucuruzi afite kugenzura byimazeyo guhagarara. Niba igiciro kitimukiye ahateganijwe mbere, umucuruzi wumukambwe arashobora guhitamo kutabishyira kugeza abonye ibyemezo bikomeye. Ibi bivamo kureremba kureremba hamwe nubucuruzi butagabanijwe. Umucuruzi aguma mumikino kandi afite amahirwe yo gusubira mubyunguka. Iha umucuruzi ibintu byinshi byoroshye guhuza nuburyo bwabo bwo gucuruza kugirango ahindure imiterere yisoko. Ariko bisaba gusobanukirwa byimbitse kubikorwa byibiciro kugirango ubashe gukoresha neza iyi mikorere. Ikibi ni uko ubu bwoko busaba gukurikirana buri gihe isoko, umucuruzi agomba guhora azi ibikorwa bye. Umucuruzi aguma mumikino kandi afite amahirwe yo gusubira mubyunguka. Iha umucuruzi ibintu byinshi byoroshye guhuza nuburyo bwabo bwo gucuruza kugirango ahindure imiterere yisoko. Ariko bisaba gusobanukirwa byimbitse kubikorwa byibiciro kugirango ubashe gukoresha neza iyi mikorere. Ikibi ni uko ubu bwoko busaba gukurikirana buri gihe isoko, umucuruzi agomba guhora azi ibikorwa bye. Umucuruzi aguma mumikino kandi afite amahirwe yo gusubira mubyunguka. Iha umucuruzi ibintu byinshi byoroshye guhuza nuburyo bwabo bwo gucuruza kugirango ahindure imiterere yisoko. Ariko bisaba gusobanukirwa byimbitse kubikorwa byibiciro kugirango ubashe gukoresha neza iyi mikorere. Ikibi ni uko ubu bwoko busaba gukurikirana buri gihe isoko, umucuruzi agomba guhora azi ibikorwa bye.

Abitangira bashishikarizwa gukoresha guhagarara, byibuze kugeza igihe bashobora kugenzura amarangamutima yabo na disipulini. Byongeye kandi, ni ngombwa kumva neza isoko mbere yo gufata ibyemezo byihuse kandi bifatika mugihe nyacyo.

Buri bwoko bwo guhagarara (mumutwe kandi bikomeye) bufite ibyiza nibibi, ariko bigomba gufatwa nkubwishingizi burinda igishoro kwangirika gukomeye. Iki nicyemezo kitoroshye, gusa binyuze mubigeragezo no kwibeshya, gusuzuma imico yawe cyangwa intege nke zawe umuntu ashobora kumenya icyiza. Inzitizi nini zibangamira imitekerereze iyo gucuruza ari indangagaciro. Benshi bananiwe guhangana nigikorwa cyisoko ryihuse, ikibazo cyo gutakaza, kunanirwa kwibanda kuri gahunda yubucuruzi mbere yubucuruzi. Ibi biganisha kumyanzuro idasobanutse ituma bigora gukomera kumutwe wambere. Mubihe byinshi, usanga ari kure cyane yicyari giteganijwe mbere, biganisha ku gihombo kinini kuruta uko byari byitezwe. Guhagarara mu mutwe bishishikariza umucuruzi kwibanda ku bucuruzi, utarangaye ikindi kintu cyose. Niba bigoye “kuruhuka”, imitekerereze ishingiye kubitekerezo no kwitabwaho, bitabaye ibyo urashobora kubura amakuru yingenzi akurikira hagati yubucuruzi. Ubucuruzi bugomba gufatanwa uburemere. Umwanya wo kwibandaho wabuze, ibintu byose ntibigenzurwa. Hano hari abacuruzi benshi badakoresha uburyo bwo guhagarika igihombo. Ariko kugirango ukore udahagarara, ugomba kugira ubuyobozi bukomeye kubijyanye no gucunga ibyago. Ibi mubisanzwe biterwa nimbaraga nke cyane (cyangwa nibibi). Gahunda ikubiyemo kandi igiciro cyibikorwa kugirango igabanye ubucuruzi (uburyo bwo guhagarara mumutwe). iyo kwibandaho byatakaye, ibintu byose biva kubutegetsi. Hano hari abacuruzi benshi badakoresha uburyo bwo guhagarika igihombo. Ariko kugirango ukore udahagarara, ugomba kugira ubuyobozi bukomeye kubijyanye no gucunga ibyago. Ibi mubisanzwe biterwa nimbaraga nke cyane (cyangwa nibibi). Gahunda ikubiyemo kandi igiciro cyibikorwa kugirango igabanye ubucuruzi (uburyo bwo guhagarara mumutwe). iyo kwibandaho byatakaye, ibintu byose biva kubutegetsi. Hano hari abacuruzi benshi badakoresha uburyo bwo guhagarika igihombo. Ariko kugirango ukore udahagarara, ugomba kugira ubuyobozi bukomeye kubijyanye no gucunga ibyago. Ibi mubisanzwe biterwa nimbaraga nke cyane (cyangwa nibibi). Gahunda ikubiyemo kandi igiciro cyibikorwa kugirango igabanye ubucuruzi (uburyo bwo guhagarara mumutwe).