Utyalo-mali olusebenzayo kunye nolwenziwayo – izixhobo, okuhle kunye nokubi

Yeyiphi indlela esebenzayo kunye nesebenzayo kutyalo-mali, apho ungaqala khona utyalo-mali olusebenzayo kunye nolwenziwayo, okuhle kunye nokubi kwindlela nganye. Kuqoqosho lwemarike, kukho iindlela ezininzi onokukhetha kuzo ezinceda abantu ukuba bagcine kwaye banyuse inkunzi. Ukongeza ekufumaneni umvuzo womsebenzi oqeshiweyo, okanye ingeniso ngokuqhuba ishishini lakho, ungawunyusa umvuzo wakho ngotyalo-mali olungenzi nto okanye olusebenzayo. Yintoni na, zeziphi izixhobo zemali kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwaye zeziphi iingenelo zotyalo-mali olwenziwayo kunye nolusebenzayo, siya kuxela kweli nqaku.

Yintoni utyalo-mali olwenziwayo

Utyalo-mali olwenziwayo kukwenziwa kwepotfoliyo yezibambiso ezahlukeneyo ixesha elide. Utyalo-mali olwenziwayo luyahluka kwezinye iindidi zotyalo-mali kuba kuthatha ixesha elincinane kunye nomzamo wokwenza inzuzo ngolu hlobo lotyalo-mali. Ukuba sithelekisa utyalo-mali olwenziwayo kunye notyalo-mali olusebenzayo, ngoko kwimeko yesibini, uhlalutyo olusisiseko lwemarike luyafuneka, kwaye kwimeko yokuqala, umsebenzi onjalo awuyomfuneko. Apha, umtyalo-mali kufuneka akhethe kuphela isixhobo esifanelekileyo, enze ukuhanjiswa kwezibambiso ngokweeparitha ezahlukeneyo kwaye ulinde ukufumana umvuzo. Ngotyalo-mali olwenziwayo, umtyali-mali ufumana ingeniso, eya kuba negama elifanayo – i-passive. Inqaku elipheleleyo lesicwangciso somvuzo onjalo ulele ekuyilweni ngumtyali-mali webhloko yezabelo, okuya kuthi kwixesha elizayo kuzise inzuzo enkulu yemali. Ukuba ipotifoliyo yenziwe ngokuchanekileyo, imingcipheko yelahleko iya kuncitshiswa. Ngexesha elide, izitokhwe ezikhulileyo ziya kukwazi ukugubungela ukutsalwa kwezinye izibambiso. Ukukhetha utyalo-mali olwenziwayo-izibonelelo kunye neengxaki: https://youtu.be/N7iOSQG4hz0

Yintoni utyalo-mali olusebenzayo

Utyalo-mali olusebenzayo yindlela yokutyala imali, apho uxanduva lokuphonononga iindlela zotyalo-mali kunye nokwenza izigqibo zokulawula ipotifoliyo yabo yotyalo-mali ilele kumtyali-mali ngokwakhe. Njengomthetho, utyalo-mali olusebenzayo luhamba kunye nemingcipheko ethile. Kodwa ngolu hlobo lotyalo-mali, inzuzo inokufumaneka ngokukhawuleza kunokuba kwimeko yengeniso ye-passive. Umtyalo-mali osebenzayo unokwenza inzuzo kuphela ngoncedo lolwazi lwakhe, izakhono, imizamo kunye nexesha. Ngokomzekelo, xa ufumana izabelo kwishishini elithile, kubalulekile ukufunda ngokucokisekileyo imarike kunye noqoqosho lombutho ukuze uqonde amathuba okuba ngamathuba okunyusa ixabiso lezabelo.

Zeziphi izixhobo zemali ezenza ingeniso yokungenzi nto

Utyalo-mali olunomvuzo osisigxina lutyalo-mali kwii-asethi apho isixa-mali sengeniso siza kwaziwa kwangaphambili. Lutyalo-mali olungenzi nto olukuvumela ukuba ufumane ingeniso yokwenziwa.

Iidiphozithi

Idiphozithi kumaziko ebhanki izisa abatyali-mali ingeniso ye-passive, ebalwa njengepesenti. Ukuhlawulwa kwexabiso lenzala kwenzeka ngeendleko zenzuzo efunyenwe yibhanki ngokunika imali-mboleko, ukuthengisa iimali, izibambiso, njl njl. Amaxesha amaninzi, iireyithi zediphozithi ziphezulu kancinci xa zithelekiswa nokunyuka kwamaxabiso asemthethweni. Ngoko ke, olu hlobo lwediphozithi lufanelekile kwabo batyalo-mali abanqwenela ukugcina imali yabo ekunciphiseni.

Izindlu ezithengiswayo

Ukutyala imali kwi-real estate yenye inketho yokugcina imali kunye nokufumana umvuzo osisigxina. I-real estate ikhula rhoqo kwixabiso. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, inokuqeshwa. Ungatyala imali kuzo zombini iipropati zokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo. Isixa sengeniso evela kutyalo-mali olunjalo ngokuthe ngqo kuxhomekeke ekuthandeni kwepropati kubathengi kunye nabaqeshi. Ukwenza utyalo-mali, kufuneka uthenge indawo yokuhlala, indlu okanye indawo yokuthengisa, kwaye emva koko uyiqeshise kwaye ufumane umvuzo. Kukho enye indlela yokutyala imali kwi-real estate: ukuthengwa kwezabelo zeemali ezivaliweyo.

Iibhondi

Ibhondi lukhuseleko, i-IOU yenkampani okanye urhulumente. Xa kuthengwa ibhondi, umtyalo-mali uboleka imali yakhe ixesha elithile, kwaye emva koko ufumana ipesenti esisigxina kule nto – ingeniso yekhuphoni. Emva kokuphela kwexesha, iimali ezityaliweyo zibuyiselwa kumtyalo-mali. Iibhondi ezinemingcipheko encitshisiweyo kunye nengeniso eqhubekayo ziibhondi zemali-mboleko yomanyano. Ngolu hlobo lotyalo-mali, umgcini-mali uqinisekisiwe ukufumana imbuyekezo yemali mboleko, ekubeni iziqinisekiso zinikezelwa ngurhulumente. Iibhondi zenkampani ziquka iibhondi zabaphuhlisi, abavelisi beemoto, njl. Njengomthetho, banikezela ngeenzuzo ukuya kuthi ga kwipesenti ezilithoba. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ngolu hlobo lotyalo-mali kukho imingcipheko ethile – inkampani inokuthi ingabikho imali kwaye ingahlawuli ityala.

Iimali ezithengiswayo

Ii-ETFs lithuba elihle lokuqala umsebenzi wakho kubatyali-mali abatsha. Le ndlela ifanelekile kwabo bafuna ukuqala ukutyalomali, kodwa bengazi ukuba bangayenza njani kwaye baqale phi uhambo lwabo. Utshintshiselwano kwi-stock exchanges luqhutywa ziingcali, kwaye abatyali-mali bafumana nje ingeniso. Ukudalwa kweemali ezithengiswayo kutshintshiselwano lwenziwa ziinkampani zolawulo: ziqokelela iiphothifoliyo zotyalo-mali ezinobungozi obuphantsi, kwaye abatyali-mali babucala bafumana i-stake kwi-mutual fund (
mutual investment fund ).

Izabelo zokwahlulwa

Xa kuthengwa isabelo, umtyali-mali ufumana ubunini benxalenye yepropathi yenkampani kunye nelungelo lokufumana izabelo kwingeniso ukuba umniki-mali uyayihlawula. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ukutyalomali kwii-stocks kuyingozi. Oku kungenxa yokutshintsha rhoqo kwixabiso labo. Akunakwenzeka ukucacisa ngokuchanekileyo isivuno kwezi ziqinisekiso.

Izixhobo zotyalo-mali olusebenzayo

Ukwenza utyalo-mali olusebenzayo, unga:

• izitokhwe zokurhweba kwimarike ngokusebenzisa abathengisi;
• zenzele elakho ishishini;
• thenga ishishini lokuthengisa;
• tyala imali kwisiqalo esithembisayo.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, umtyalo-mali unokuthenga iibhondi kwaye enze inzuzo kubo.

Iinzuzo kunye neengozi zohlobo ngalunye lotyalo-mali

Qwalasela amacala alungileyo nangalunganga kuhlobo ngalunye lotyalo-mali.

Utyalo-mali olusebenzayo

IiPros:

1. Ingeniso enkulu enokubakho . Injongo ephambili yabatyalo-mali abasebenzayo kukubetha i-stock market. Indlela ibandakanya ukwenza imali eninzi xa imarike iphezulu kwaye ilahlekelwa yincinci.
2. Ukuba bhetyebhetye okukhulu . Nokuba umtyali-mali ulawula imali yakhe yedwa okanye usebenza ngenkunzi yolawulo esebenzayo, kuya kuhlala kukho ukuguquguquka ngakumbi kutyalo-mali olusebenzayo. Umgcini-mali unethuba lokudlulisela imali kumacandelo athile oqoqosho, ngokuqwalasela imeko yangoku yemali;
3. Inani elikhulu lamathuba otyalo-mali .

Ewe kunjalo, utyalo-mali olusebenzayo lukwanazo iingxaki zalo ezibalulekileyo:

• imingcipheko enokwenzeka ephezulu;
• iindleko ezongeziweyo.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, utyalo-mali olusebenzayo lufuna umgudu ongakumbi. Apha kufuneka ulandele rhoqo iindaba zoqoqosho kunye neemarike, ufunde iindlela zotyalo-mali, njl. Ngelo xesha, umtyalo-mali akayi kufumana naziphi na iziqinisekiso zokuba oku kuya kuthwala isiqhamo.

Utyalo-mali olungenakwenziwa

Iinzuzo zotyalo-mali olungazenzisiyo:

1. Ukwenza inzuzo kulula kakhulu . Abatyali-zimali abasebenzayo kufuneka bahlale bebeka iliso kushishino neendaba zentengiso, kwaye baqhube rhoqo inani elithile lentengiselwano kwipotfoliyo yabo bebodwa. Utyalo-mali olusebenzayo luthatha ixesha elide kakhulu ukurhweba, ngelixa abatyali-mali abangenzi nto bechitha kuphela iiyure ezimbalwa ngonyaka begcina utyalo-mali lwabo;
2. Iingozi ezincitshisiweyo . Abatyali-zimali abasebenzayo basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuthengisa utyalo-mali lwabo ngexesha elingafanelekanga okanye ukuzithenga xa imarike ikwincopho yayo. Kutyalo-mali olwenziwayo, abatyali-mali bafumana utyalo-mali kwaye bazigcinele bona. Abatyalo-mali abangabonakaliyo abanakukhathazeka ngokuthengisa utyalo-mali lwabo ngexesha elingafanelekanga, kuba banokuthembela ekunyukeni okuzinzileyo kwixesha elide;
3. Ixabiso eliphantsi lotyalo-mali . Abatyali-mali abangenzi nto abahlawuli iifizi zokuthengiselana abatyali-mali abasebenzayo bahlawula rhoqo. Abarhwebi abahambahambayo banokugcina iimali zabo kwiimali zesalathiso, ezidla ngokubiza malunga ne-0.10%, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ngaphantsi. Nabarhwebi botyalo-mali abangenzi nto abenza umsebenzi wabo kunye nabaphathi botyalo-mali bahlala behlawula iikomishoni ezincinci kunabo benza ishishini kunye nabaphathi botyalo-mali abasebenzayo.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukwehla apha kwakhona:

• Inzuzo iphantsi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa notyalo-mali olusebenzayo . Abarhwebi abangenzi nto bahlala bezama ukulandela imarike, bangayigqithisi. Abadlali abanamava abenza urhwebo rhoqo banokumisela ukukhula kweemarike, ngenxa yokuba bafumana iimali ezinkulu. Utyalo-mali olwenziwayo lukholisa ukufumana imbuyekezo eqhelekileyo.
• Akukho khuselo lokuhla kweemarike zexesha elifutshane . Kutyalo-mali olwenziwayo, abahwebi abathengisi izikhundla phambi kokuba isitokhwe siwele kwixabiso. Badla ngokuvuya kuba befumana amahla-ndinyuka emarike.

Indlela engabonakaliyo yokutyalomali ingaba nzima kakhulu ukuyigcina xa iindaba zezoqoqosho ziba mnyama, ixabiso liqala ukuhla njengoko abahwebi abasebenzayo bebheyile kwaye umnqweno wokuthatha inyathelo ukhula ngamandla. Utyalo-mali olusebenzayo okanye olungenzi nto: yintoni umahluko – https://youtu.be/K8kwYb8XYFA

Yeyiphi inketho yotyalo-mali ekulungeleyo: esebenzayo okanye esebenzayo

Loluphi uhlobo lotyalo-mali oluza kukhetha – wonke umntu kufuneka azenzele isigqibo. Kwicala lotyalo-mali olwenziwayo kukuba umtyalo-mali uya kukwazi ukufumana imbuyekezo yemarike eqinisekisiweyo (ngokuqinisekileyo, thabatha iikhomishini ezincinci kunye neerhafu) kwaye utyalo-mali ngokwalo aluyi kufuna ixesha elininzi. Ukuba sithetha ngotyalo-mali olusebenzayo, kwithiyori umthengisi unethuba lokufumana imarike, kodwa ithuba lokufumana inzuzo enhle kwixesha elide lincinci kakhulu. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, abahwebi abasebenzayo kufuneka bachithe ixesha elininzi befunda ukuhlalutya kwamasheya kwaye oku akuyi kuphelela apho – kuyo yonke inkqubo, uhlalutyo oluqhelekileyo noluqhubekayo lwezibambiso luya kufuneka. Kakade ke, asinguye wonke umntu onokukwenza oku. Okunokwenzeka, isicwangciso esinjalo sifanelekile kubantu abanokuthi bahlalutye kwaye bazame ukufunda into entsha. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ungabona impikiswano eninzi malunga nokutyalomali olwenziwayo nolusebenzayo. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba eyona njongo iphambili yanoma yimuphi umrhwebi ayikuko ukugqithisa imarike, kodwa ukufezekisa injongo yemali. Ngexesha elifanayo, akuyimfuneko ukukhuphisana nemarike.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, zininzi iindlela zokutshala imali. Umntu uthatha isigqibo sokuthatha indawo esebenzayo, abanye bagxininise ekufumaneni nasekubambeni utyalo-mali olufanayo ixesha elide, kwaye abanye bazama ukudibanisa ezi ndlela zimbini. Ewe, uninzi lwabantu lunokulunga ngokutyala imali, kodwa akukho nto iphosakeleyo ngokubeka ecaleni inxalenye encinci yepotfoliyo yakho kunye nokuzama ukurhweba okusebenzayo amaxesha ambalwa.